The use of acetylcholinesterase activity in Ruditapes decussatus and Mytilus galloprovincialis in the biomonitoring of Bizerta lagoon

Author(s):  
Mohamed Dellali ◽  
Mauricette Gnassia Barelli ◽  
Michèle Romeo ◽  
Patricia Aissa
Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Marco Capolupo ◽  
Paola Valbonesi ◽  
Elena Fabbri

The ocean contamination caused by micro- and nano-sized plastics is a matter of increasing concern regarding their potential effects on marine organisms. This study compared the effects of a 21-day exposure to 1.5, 15, and 150 ng/L of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MP, 3-µm) and nanoplastics (PS-NP, 50-nm) on a suite of biomarkers measured in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Endpoints encompassed immunological/lysosomal responses, oxidative stress/detoxification parameters, and neurotoxicological markers. Compared to PS-MP, PS-NP induced higher effects on lysosomal parameters of general stress. Exposures to both particle sizes increased lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in gills; PS-NP elicited greater effects on the phase-II metabolism enzyme glutathione S-transferase and on lysozyme activity, while only PS-MP inhibited the hemocyte phagocytosis, suggesting a major role of PS particle size in modulating immunological/detoxification pathways. A decreased acetylcholinesterase activity was induced by PS-NP, indicating their potential to impair neurological functions in mussels. Biomarker data integration in the Mussel Expert System identified an overall greater health status alteration in mussels exposed to PS-NP compared to PS-MP. This study shows that increasing concentrations of nanoplastics may induce higher effects than microplastics on the mussel’s lysosomal, metabolic, and neurological functions, eventually resulting in a greater impact on their overall fitness.


Author(s):  
Pedro Miguel Callapez ◽  
Ricardo Pimentel

Resumo O menir de Padrão 1 constitui um dos monumentos mais representativos do núcleo megalítico de Sagres - Vila do Bispo, localizado no extremo sudoeste do Algarve (sul de Portugal). Nas intervenções arqueológicas de que foi alvo em 1984 e 1994, sob direção de Mário Varela Gomes, foi efetuada uma amostragem exaustiva de concentrações de restos esqueléticos de invertebrados marinhos presentes num contexto de ocupação do Neolítico antigo. Considerando a sua importância para o entendimento das estratégias de subsistência, economia alimentar e práticas culturais durante este intervalo marcante da Pré-história recente, procedeu-se ao seu estudo zooarqueológico. Contabilizou-se um número mínimo de 1496 indivíduos pertencentes a 25 espécies de moluscos bivalves e gastrópodes, três de crustáceos e uma de anelídeo poliqueta. A sua composição, abundância relativa e análise paleoecológica sugerem práticas locais de subsistência, ligadas à exploração oportunista de espécies comestíveis. A recoleção seletiva incidiu em áreas rochosas expostas do litoral próximo (Patella depressa, P. ulyssiponensis, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Perna perna, Stramonita haemastoma, Pollicipes pollicipes), mas também em meio estuarino ou lagunar hoje já desaparecido (Cerastoderma edule, Ruditapes decussatus). A associação presente, com destaque para P. perna, S. haemastoma e Siphonaria pectinata, é compatível com o ótimo climático holocénico, durante o qual espécies mediterrânicas e oeste-africanas ampliaram a sua área de repartição biogeográfica para norte, até à costa portuguesa. Destaca-se, ainda, a ocorrência de P. perna, dado o seu possível carácter inédito em contextos pré-históricos portugueses. Resumen El menhir de Padrão 1 constituye uno de los monumentos más representativos del núcleo megalítico de Sagres - Vila do Bispo, ubicado en el extremo suroeste del Algarve (sur de Portugal). En las intervenciones arqueológicas de que fue objeto en 1984 y 1994, dirigidas por Mário Varela Gomes, se efectuó un muestreo exhaustivo de concentraciones de restos esqueléticos de invertebrados marinos en un contexto de ocupación del Neolítico antiguo. Considerando su importancia para el entendimiento de las estrategias de subsistencia, economía alimentaria y prácticas culturales durante este intervalo importante de la Prehistoria reciente, se procedió a su estudio zooarqueológico. Se contabilizó un número mínimo de 1496 individuos pertenecientes a 25 especies de moluscos bivalvos y gasterópodos, tres de crustáceos y una de gusano poliqueto. Su composición, abundancia relativa y análisis paleoecológico sugieren prácticas locales de subsistencia, ligadas a la explotación oportunista de especies comestibles. La recolección selectiva se centró en áreas rocosas expuestas del litoral próximo (Patella depressa, P. ulyssiponensis, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Perna perna, Stramonita haemastoma, Pollicipes pollicipes), pero también en un medio estuarino o lagunar hoy ya desaparecido (Cerastoderma edule, Ruditapes decussatus). Esta asociación, especialmente P. perna, S. haemastoma y Siphonaria pectinata, es compatible con el óptimo climático del Holoceno, durante el cual las especies del Mediterráneo y de África Occidental extendieron su área de distribución biogeográfica hacia al norte, hasta la costa portuguesa. Se destaca también la presencia de P. perna, dada su posible primera cita en contextos prehistóricos portugueses. Abstract The menhir of Padrão 1 has been known as one of the most representative monuments from the megalithic nucleus of Sagres - Vila do Bispo, in the southwest end of Algarve (South of Portugal). During two archaeological interventions made in 1984 and 1994, under direction of Mário Varela Gomes, an exhaustive sampling of concentrations of skeletal remains of marine invertebrates from an early Neolithic settlement context was made. Considering its importance to understand subsistence strategies, food economy and cultural practices during this important interval of recent Prehistory, the zooarchaeological study of this assemblage was carried out. A minimal number of 1496 individuals was counted, including 25 species of bivalve and gastropod mollusks, three of crustaceans and one of polychaete worm. Its composition, relative abundance and paleoecologic analysis suggest local strategies of subsistence based on the opportunistic exploitation of edible species. The selective recollection was more effective on intertidal rocky shores available in the proximity (Patella intermedia, P. ulyssiponensis, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Perna perna, Stramonita haemastoma, Pollicipes pollicipes), but also made from a possible estuarine or lagoonal environment already disappeared (Cerastoderma edule, Ruditapes decussatus). The faunal association, with emphasis on P. perna, S. haemastoma and Siphonaria pectinata, is compatible with the Holocene climatic optimum, when several Mediterranean and West-African species have extended their biogeographic ranges northwards, till the Portuguese coast. The mytilid P. perna also stands out, as the first occurrence of this species in Portuguese Pre-historic contexts.


2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1608-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrez Gammoudi ◽  
Raja Ben Ahmed ◽  
Nawzet Bouriga ◽  
Mossadok Ben-Attia ◽  
Abdel Halim Harrath

2004 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Dellali ◽  
Michèle Romeo ◽  
Mauricette Gnassia-Barelli ◽  
Patricia Aïssa

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Šatović ◽  
Andrea Luchetti ◽  
Juan J. Pasantes ◽  
Daniel García-Souto ◽  
Andrea Cedilak ◽  
...  

AbstractTerminal repeat retrotransposons in miniature (TRIMs) are small non-autonomous LTR retrotransposons consisting of two terminal direct repeats surrounding a short internal domain. The detection and characterization of these elements has been mainly limited to plants. Here we present the first finding of a TRIM element in bivalves, and among the first known in the kingdom Animalia. Class Bivalvia has high ecological and commercial importance in marine ecosystems and aquaculture, and, in recent years, an increasing number of genomic studies has addressed to these organisms. We have identified biv-TRIM in several bivalve species: Donax trunculus, Ruditapes decussatus, R. philippinarum, Venerupis corrugata, Polititapes rhomboides, Venus verrucosa, Dosinia exoleta, Glycymeris glycymeris, Cerastoderma edule, Magallana gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis. biv-TRIM has several characteristics typical for this group of elements, exhibiting different variations. In addition to canonically structured elements, solo-TDRs and tandem repeats were detected. The presence of this element in the genome of each species is <1%. The phylogenetic analysis showed a complex clustering pattern of biv-TRIM elements, and indicates the involvement of horizontal transfer in the spreading of this element.


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