Genotoxicity biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity in natural populations of Mytilus galloprovincialis along a pollution gradient in the Gulf of Oristano (Sardinia, western Mediterranean)

2006 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Magni ◽  
G. De Falco ◽  
C. Falugi ◽  
M. Franzoni ◽  
M. Monteverde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Pollution Gradient

scholarly journals Measurements of biochemical markers of pollution in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis from coastal areas of the Saronikos Gulf (Greece)

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. TSANGARIS ◽  
E. STROGYLOUDI ◽  
E. PAPATHANASSIOU
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Pollution Gradient ◽  
Second Year

Alterations in a number of biochemical parameters in marine organisms represent specific markers of exposure to particular classes of contaminants. They are used as tools for the detection and monitoring of pollution. In this study, two biochemical markers of pollution, metallothionein (MT) content and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were measured in indigenous and transplanted mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis from coastal areas within the Saronikos Gulf subject to high anthropogenic activities. Biannual measurements of the two biomarkers in indigenous mussel populations for two years revealed no significant differences among stations representing a pollution gradient. Limited differences in MT levels were only found between mussel populations transplanted at lesser and more impacted stations. Both biomarkers showed a variation with respect to the season of sampling, whilst during the second year of measurements a concomitant increase in metallothionein content with a decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity was noted. Our results indicate that the applied biochemical markers in indigenous mussel populations do not reflect the type of pollution in the Saronikos Gulf to a degree that can be used for pollution monitoring in the area.

scholarly journals A Comparative Assessment of the Chronic Effects of Micro- and Nano-Plastics on the Physiology of the Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Marco Capolupo ◽  
Paola Valbonesi ◽  
Elena Fabbri
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Phase Ii Metabolism ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Mediterranean Mussel ◽  
Metabolism Enzyme ◽  
The Mediterranean

The ocean contamination caused by micro- and nano-sized plastics is a matter of increasing concern regarding their potential effects on marine organisms. This study compared the effects of a 21-day exposure to 1.5, 15, and 150 ng/L of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MP, 3-µm) and nanoplastics (PS-NP, 50-nm) on a suite of biomarkers measured in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Endpoints encompassed immunological/lysosomal responses, oxidative stress/detoxification parameters, and neurotoxicological markers. Compared to PS-MP, PS-NP induced higher effects on lysosomal parameters of general stress. Exposures to both particle sizes increased lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in gills; PS-NP elicited greater effects on the phase-II metabolism enzyme glutathione S-transferase and on lysozyme activity, while only PS-MP inhibited the hemocyte phagocytosis, suggesting a major role of PS particle size in modulating immunological/detoxification pathways. A decreased acetylcholinesterase activity was induced by PS-NP, indicating their potential to impair neurological functions in mussels. Biomarker data integration in the Mussel Expert System identified an overall greater health status alteration in mussels exposed to PS-NP compared to PS-MP. This study shows that increasing concentrations of nanoplastics may induce higher effects than microplastics on the mussel’s lysosomal, metabolic, and neurological functions, eventually resulting in a greater impact on their overall fitness.

scholarly journals Growth of Mytilus galloprovincialis after the Prestige oil spill

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura G. Peteiro ◽  
José M.F. Babarro ◽  
Uxío Labarta ◽  
María José Fernández-Reiriz
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raft Culture ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
Prestige Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Exposure ◽  
The Prestige

Abstract Growth of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis using raft culture was investigated for the first cultured generation following the Prestige oil spill off northwestern Spain. Seed from three natural populations along the Galician coastline, Pindo, Miranda, and Redes, was transplanted to a raft culture system in Ría de Ares-Betanzos. The physiological and biochemical status of mussels at the onset of culture and the degree of oil exposure three months after the spill (February 2003) have been described already, but here growth patterns of three populations sampled monthly from seeding to thinning-out (March/August 2003) and from thinning-out to harvest (August 2003/February 2004) were assessed. Mussels from Pindo (the area most affected by the oil spill) showed significantly less growth by weight than the other populations, resulting in a lower yield at harvest. The percentage of mussels classified as “large” in the Pindo population at harvest was also significantly less than that of the other two mussel populations.

scholarly journals Yessotoxin detection in bivalve molluscs: A case study from coastal mussel farms (Sardinia, Italy)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Graziano Mudadu ◽  
Giuseppa Lorenzoni ◽  
Anna Maria Bazzoni ◽  
Riccardo Bazzardi ◽  
Giuseppe Tedde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Monitoring Programme ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Regular Monitoring ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mussel Farms

This work reports the first communication relating to the presence of yessotoxins in Mytilus galloprovincialis from coastal mussel farms (Sardinia, western Mediterranean) detected during 2008 and 2013 through a monitoring programme. The paper emphasizes how the changes both in yessotoxin permitted limits and used methods, established by legislation, have influenced the interpretation of the obtained results. Consequently, the samples that resulted negative during 2008 would have been positive until August 2013 and negative from September 2013 up to now, and the samples that were positive in 2013 would have been positive in 2008 and negative nowadays, according to Regulation currently in force. Regular monitoring of biotoxins demonstrated that, although yessotoxins have been rarely present in the past in Sardinia, they may cause toxicity in shellfish. So, it’s important to keep up on legislation’s changing and laboratory methods.

scholarly journals Sardines at a junction: seascape genomics reveals ecological and oceanographic drivers of variation in the NW Mediterranean Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aglaia Antoniou ◽  
Tereza Manousaki ◽  
Francisco Ramírez ◽  
Alessia Cariani ◽  
Rita Cannas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
Outlier Loci ◽  
Genomic Approach ◽  
Nw Mediterranean

By evaluating genetic variation across the entire genome, one can address existing questions in a novel way while new can be asked. Such questions include how different local environments influence both adaptive and neutral genomic variation within and among populations, providing insights not only into local adaptation of natural populations, but also into their responses to global change and the exploitation-induced evolution. Here, under a seascape genomic approach, ddRAD genomic data were used along with environmental information to uncover the underlying processes (migration, selection) shaping European sardines (Sardina pilchardus) of the Western Mediterranean and adjacent Atlantic waters. This information can be relevant to the (re)definition of fishery stocks, and their short-term adaptive potential. We found that studied sardine samples form two clusters, detected using both neutral and adaptive (outlier) loci suggesting that natural selection and local adaptation play a key role in driving genetic change among the Atlantic and the Mediterranean sardines. Temperature and especially the trend in the number of days with sea surface temperature (SST) above 19oC was crucial at all levels of population structuring with implications on species’ key biological processes, especially reproduction. Our findings provide evidence for a dynamic equilibrium where population structure is maintained by physical and biological factors under the opposing influences of migration and selection. Given its dynamic nature, such a system postulates a continuous monitoring under a seascape genomic approach that can benefit by incorporating a temporal as well as a more detailed spatial dimension.

scholarly journals Occurrence, seasonality and infectivity of Vibrio strains in natural populations of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis

2014 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Romero ◽  
MdM Costa ◽  
G Forn-Cuni ◽  
P Balseiro ◽  
R Chamorro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Natural Populations

scholarly journals Variation of Dominance of Newly Arisen Adaptive Genes

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 1225-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Bourguet ◽  
Thomas Lenormand ◽  
Thomas Guillemaud ◽  
Véronique Marcel ◽  
Didier Fournier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Complete Dominance ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
Dominance Level ◽  
Resistant Strains

Newly arisen adaptive alleles such as insecticide resistance genes represent a good opportunity to investigate the theories put forth to explain the molecular basis of dominance and its possible evolution. Dominance levels of insecticide resistance conferred by insensitive alleles of the acetylcholinesterase gene were analyzed in five resistant strains of the mosquito Culex pipiens. Dominance levels were found to differ between strains, varying from partial recessivity to complete dominance. This variation was not explained by differences in catalytic properties of the enzyme, since four of the five resistant strains had identical inhibition properties for the insensitive acetylcholinesterase. Among these four laboratory strains and in individuals collected from natural populations, we found a correlation between increased acetylcholinesterase activities and higher dominance levels. We propose a molecular explanation for how variation in acetylcholinesterase activity may result in variation of dominance level. We also conjecture that the four resistant strains did not differ in their amino acid sequence in the catalytically active regions of acetylcholinesterase, but that the expression of the gene was regulated by either neighboring or distant sites, thereby modifying the dominance level. Under this interpretation, dominance levels may evolve in this system, since heritable variation in acetylcholinesterase activity was found.

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