scholarly journals Modeling heavy metal release in the epiphytic lichen Evernia prunastri

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Vannini ◽  
Luca Paoli ◽  
Riccardo Fedeli ◽  
Sharon Kwambai Kangogo ◽  
Massimo Guarnieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Remote Area ◽  
Metal Release ◽  
Evernia Prunastri ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Short Period ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Release ◽  
Very High

AbstractIn this study, the release of Cu2+ and Zn2+ was investigated and modeled in the epiphytic lichen Evernia prunastri. Samples were incubated with solutions containing these metals at ecologically relevant concentrations (10 and 100 μM) and then transplanted to a remote area and retrieved after 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. The results showed that, after 12 months, all samples faced similar metal reductions of ca. 80–85%, but after this period, all the involved processes seem to be no longer capable of generating further reductions. These results suggest that the lichen E. prunastri can provide information about environmental improvements after exposure to high or very high pollution levels in a relatively short period of time.

Exposure and Income: Preliminary Findings on Labor Supply on High Pollution Days

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Hoffmann ◽  
Juan Pablo Rud
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Average Worker

We study labor supply decisions on days with high levels of air pollution in Mexico City's metropolitan area using hourly levels of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) air pollution at the locality level. We document a negative, non-linear relationship between PM 2.5 levels and daily labor supply, with strong effects on days with extremely high pollution levels. On these days, the average worker experiences a reduction of around 7.5% of working hours. Workers partially compensate for lost hours by increasing their labor supply on days that follow high pollution days. We provide evidence that income constraints may play an important role in workers labor supply decisions, as we find more moderate responses among informal and low-income workers.

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Environmental Aspects of an Electric Bus Fleet Under Service

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Ovidiu Varga ◽  
Florin Mariasiu ◽  
Cristian Daniel Miclea ◽  
Ioan Szabo ◽  
Anamaria Andreea Sirca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Diesel Buses ◽  
The City ◽  
Harmful Effects

The reduction of pollutant emissions in the field of transportation can be achieved by developing and implementing electric propulsion technologies across a wider range of transportation types. This solution is seen as the only one that can offer, in areas of urban agglomeration, a reduction of the emissions caused by the urban transport to zero, as well as an increase in the degree of the health of the citizens. This paper presents an analysis of the direct and indirect environmental aspects of a fleet of real electric buses under service in the city of Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The solution of using 41 electric buses to replace Euro-3 diesel buses (with high pollution levels) in the city’s transport system eliminates a local amount of 668.45 tons of CO2 and 6.41 tons of NOx—pollutant emissions directly associated with harmful effects on human health—annually.

scholarly journals Bacterial Communities in Polluted Seabed Sediments: A Molecular Biology Assay in Leghorn Harbor

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Chiellini ◽  
Renato Iannelli ◽  
Franco Verni ◽  
Giulio Petroni
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Seabed Sediments ◽  
Bacterial Groups ◽  
Different Levels

Seabed sediments of commercial ports are often characterized by high pollution levels. Differences in number and distribution of bacteria in such areas can be related to distribution of pollutants in the port and to sediment conditions. In this study, the bacterial communities of five sites from Leghorn Harbor seabed were characterized, and the main bacterial groups were identified. T-RFLP was used for all samples; two 16S rRNA libraries andin silicodigestion of clones were used to identify fingerprint profiles. Library data, phylogenetic analysis, and T-RFLP coupled within silicodigestion of the obtained sequences evidenced the dominance ofProteobacteriaand the high percentage ofBacteroidetesin all sites. The approach highlighted similar bacterial communities between samples coming from the five sites, suggesting a modest differentiation among bacterial communities of different harbor seabed sediments and hence the capacity of bacterial communities to adapt to different levels and types of pollution.

scholarly journals Relations between Climatic Changes and High Pollution Levels in Bulgaria

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (07) ◽  
pp. 386-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahari Zlatev ◽  
Ivan Dimov ◽  
Krassimir Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
High Pollution

scholarly journals A Survey of Technologies and Recent Developments for Sustainable Smart Cycling

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3422
Author(s):  
Franklin Oliveira ◽  
Dilan Nery ◽  
Daniel G. Costa ◽  
Ivanovitch Silva ◽  
Luciana Lima
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Transportation Technologies ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Among the problems resulting from the continuous urbanization process, inefficient urban mobility and high pollution levels have been complex challenges that have demanded a lot of public investments and research efforts. Recently, some alternative transportation means have been leveraged as sustainable options for such challenges, which has brought bicycles to a more relevant setting. Besides the sometimes obvious benefits of adopting bikes for transportation, technologies around the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm have been advocated as important supportive tools to boost smart cycling initiatives. Actually, new technologies can be exploited to improve the efficiency of bike paths and parking spots, while reducing accidents and enhancing the cycling experience of the users. Therefore, in this highly vibrating scenario, this article facilitates the understating of current research trends and promising developments, surveying and classing recent works. Since there is a global interest for the promotion of cleaner and more sustainable solutions in large cities, this survey can be valuable when supporting new developments in this highly relevant research area.

scholarly journals Estimation of NO<sub><b>x</b></sub> emissions from Delhi using car MAX-DOAS observations and comparison with OMI satellite data

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 19179-19212 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shaiganfar ◽  
S. Beirle ◽  
M. Sharma ◽  
A. Chauhan ◽  
R. P. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Satellite Retrieval ◽  
Tropospheric No2 ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. We present the first Multi-Axis- (MAX-) DOAS observations in India performed during April 2010 and January 2011 in Delhi and nearby regions. The MAX-DOAS instrument was mounted on a car roof, which allowed us to perform measurements along individual driving routes. From car MAX-DOAS observations along closed circles around Delhi, together with information on wind speed and direction, the NOx emissions from the greater Delhi area were determined: our estimate of 3.7 × 1025 molec s−1 is found to be slightly lower than the corresponding emission estimates using the EDGAR data base and substantially smaller compared to a recent study by Gurjar et al. (2004). We have also used the MAX-DOAS observations of the tropospheric NO2 VCD for validation of simultaneous satellite observations from the OMI instrument and found a good agreement of the spatial patterns. The absolute values show a reasonably good agreement. However, OMI data tends to underestimate the tropospheric NO2 VCDs in regions with high pollution levels, and tends to overestimate the tropospheric NO2 VCDs in more clean areas. These findings indicate possible discrepancies between the true vertical NO2 profiles and the profile assumptions in the OMI satellite retrieval.

scholarly journals Development of lake conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renny Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Garden City ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
The City ◽  
Minor Irrigation

The city of Bengaluru, once known as the Garden City of India and the City of Lakes, has now transformed into the Silicon Valley of India. This transformation has happened over the last few decades and has caused major changes to the City’s landscape. One if the important issues the city faces today is the scarcity of water. Researchers owe this issue to the depletion of lakes due to high pollution levels, encroachment and dumping of solid waste in the lakes. The neighborhood Bannerghutta is located in the Southern part of Bangalore Metropolitan Region, which is in developing stages and handful of lakes are found and comes under Minor Irrigation Department. The project focusses on Safeguarding the lake and transforming buffers into public recreational areas with functional strips of riparian vegetation. Safeguarding of lake ensures the habited of that area is preserved and protected. The transformation of lake buffer zones into public recreational spaces ensures the area to be free of any buildings that might otherwise be built on this land. Also, bringing in the public into the space would allow increased public involvement in the lakes campaign and would ensure better maintenance of the functional parts of the lake. A recreational space is perceived as a destination and would add value to the place. Keywords: Safeguarding the lake, developing stages and handful of lakes

Oil Pollution Assessment of Soils in Khabarovsk

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
A.M. Koshelkov ◽  
L.P. Mayorova
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Pollution Assessment ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Aggregate Sample ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
Very High

The TPH-in-soil of three functional zones (industrial, residential, agro-residential) of Khabarovsk have been studied. Areas of acceptable, low, moderately hazardous, moderate, high and very high pollution levels have been identified. It has been found that the TPH-in-soil of different urban functional areas differs significantly. For statistical processing of experimental data, the Boxplots method ("box-and-whiskers diagram") has been used. It has been proposed to switch to the median value of the aggregate sample of the TPH-in-soil in residential and agro-residential areas as the baseline data.

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