The Irish Expatriate Novel in Late Capitalist Globalization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Cleary
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Order ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Capitalist World ◽  
Rising China ◽  
Literary System

This study of contemporary Irish expatriate fiction offers a boldly original world-facing rather than nation-focused overview of the contemporary Irish novel. Chapters examine how Irish narrative deals with the United States in a time of declining global hegemony, a rising China and Asia, a thwarted and turbulent Global South, and a European Union that has decisively reshaped Ireland in the last half century. The author argues that in a late capitalist world defined by volatile economic and cultural globalizations, the Irish novel is struggling to imagine new ways to narrate the country's relationship to the world capitalist system and to find new place for Irish writing in the world literary system. Looking at a rapidly-changing Ireland in a rapidly-changing international order, Joe Cleary offers new readings of novels by Colm Tóibín, Anne Enright, Joseph O'Neill, Deirdre Madden, Mary Costello, Naoise Dolan, Aidan Higgins, Colum McCann, Ronan Sheehan and Ronan Bennett.

Germany's relations with the United States and China from a strategic triangle perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Biba
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Power ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Puzzle Piece ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Angela Merkel

Abstract As the Sino-American Great Power competition continues to intensify, newly-elected US President Joe Biden's administration now seeks to enlist the support of its allies and partners around the world. As Europe's largest economy and a, if not the, leading voice within the European Union, Germany represents an important puzzle-piece for Biden. But Germany, at least under outgoing chancellor Angela Merkel, has been reluctant to take sides. It is against this backdrop that this article looks into Germany's past and present trilateral relationships with the US and China through the theoretical lens of the so-called strategic triangle approach. Applying this approach, the article seeks to trace and explain German behaviour, as well as to elucidate the opportunities and pitfalls that have come with it. The article demonstrates that Germany's recently gained position as a ‘pivot’ (two positive bilateral relationships) between the US and Chinese ‘wings’ (positive bilateral relations with Germany and negative bilateral relations with each other) is desirable from the perspective of the strategic triangle. At the same time, being pivot is also challenging and hard to maintain. Alternative options, such as entering a US–German ‘marriage’ directed against China, are also problematic. The article therefore concludes that Germany has tough decisions to take going forward.

Sustainable Agriculture The United States versus the European Union

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carson H. Varner ◽  
Katrin C. Varner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Population ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sustainability Issue ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Sides

This paper examines developing issues and attitudes that unite and divide the United States and the European Union as the discussion and regulation of agriculture evolves. While some terms, such as “organic,” are defined in law in both the United States and European Union, the increasingly used “sustainability” is an evolving concept. The main sustainability issue is how to provide food and fiber for a rapidly growing world population. In this context, the role of biotechnology is questioned. Americans tend to favor what are sometimes called genetically modified crops, while Europeans remain cautious. Europeans lean more toward organic farming, while Americans assert that much of the world will starve if organic methods are required. This paper reviews the directions that the discussion of these issues is taking and will show areas of agreement and where the two sides diverge.

scholarly journals Matrix Hard - The Impact of Technological, Economic and Social Indicators on Productivity and Competitiveness

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Marina Popa ◽  
Maia Pisaniuc
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Productivity And Competitiveness ◽  
Economic And Social Indicators

The objective of this research is to demonstrate the impact of technological, economic and social indicators on productivity and competitiveness through the HARD Matrix method, proposed by the European Commission. The level of economic development of different countries, as well as the degree of diversification and specialization of their world production, determines the degree of integration of national economies in the world economy that differs considerably by country and group of countries. The expansion and amplification of the internationalization process have substantially changed the place and role of each state in the world economy. Due to this process, today's world economy is no longer a simple sum of economies put in contact, but a global-universal system, unitary through the interrelationships between the component subsystems and its extremely heterogeneous structure. In the twenty first-century, the process of amplifying innovation, the net economy, and the Covid 19 pandemic have shaped new trends in the world countries and determined the balance of power between the three great empires of the world – the United States, the European Union, and China. At the same time, there are no similar links between the United States, the European Union and China, they do not share the same culture, do not share the same geographic space, and do not use the same models of economic development, but all of them consider innovation, sophisticated business, technology, safe tools in promoting economic growth and competitiveness.

scholarly journals The utopian challenge to global capitalism by Walter van den Broeck in Terug naar Walden

Literator ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andries Visagie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
The People ◽  
Country Road ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Antonio Negri

The socialist sympathies that inform the writing of Flemish author Walter van den Broeck align him with a well-established tradition of socially engaged writing in Flanders. In his novel Terug naar Walden (Back to Walden), published in 2009, he revisits the Walden project of the Dutch reformer and writer Frederik van Eeden (1860−1932). Van den Broeck suggests that a reconsideration of the socialist ideals that inspired Van Eeden to establish settlements in the Netherlands and the United States is warranted in the light of the economic crisis triggered by unchecked capitalist practices in 2008. In Terug naar Walden Ruler Marsh, the richest man in the world, unleashes a global financial crisis as a form of retaliation against the capitalist system that ruined his parents. Marsh returns to the Kempen in Flanders where his family originated. In a Heideggerean affirmation of the local as exemplified by the country road, Van den Broeck articulates his vision of the common, that theorists Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri in their Empire trilogy have attempted to salvage from communist thinking, with a utopian notion that a stronger connection with the land and the people within one’s immediate environment may provide a useful premise for the development of viable alternatives to capitalism.

How China Came to Dominate the Rare Earth Industry

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Kalantzakos
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The World ◽  
Control Production

Once a leader in the production and trading of rare earths, the United States relinquished the reins to China in the 1990s. The People’s Republic of China declared rare earths “protected and strategic materials” and proceeded to control production and processing, introduced export quotas, and sought to dominate the supply chain for crucial applications. It also made investments in mines worldwide. The 2010 crisis caused a parabolic rise in prices, leading the United States, the European Union, and Japan to file a complaint against China at the World Trade Organization, in 2012, and to launch trilateral cooperation workshops, starting in 2011, to promote recycling, substitution, and innovation. China lost its WTO appeal and removed the export quotas in May 2015. The market corrected itself, and it may seem today that China lost an initial battle; but closer examination indicates that it may not have lost the war.

Reincorporation and the American State in South Korea: The Textile Industry in the 1950s

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis McNamara
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
World System ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Republic ◽  
The World ◽  
Capitalist World ◽  
The 1950S

The development of South Korea's cotton manufacturing industry during the First Republic (1948–1960) is examined as a way to better understand the process of “reincorporation” of a peripheral state into the postwar capitalist world system. An examination of the character of cotton manufacturing in South Korea, and the role played by the United States in reincorporating the former Japanese colony into an American-dominated world system, suggests the process was largely one of “constrained bureaucratic expansion.” The study illustrates how the earlier process of incorporation under Japanese hegemony shaped subsequent reincorporation under American suzerainty. Additionally, the analysis underscores the importance of geopolitical factors, and the interaction of the local situation with the world system in shaping the process of reincorporation.

The old European States-system: Gentz versus Hauterive

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Forsyth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
International System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Half Century ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Great War

The contemporary international system is at once the continuation and the negation ofthe old European states-system. It is the continuation in the sense that the world is nowpeopled with the same kind of political bodies that were formerly concentrated within thearea of Europe alone, namely sovereign states. The overseas empires of Britain, France, Spain, and others, represented both the subordination of the rest of the world to Europe, and the media through which the state as a political structure was exported from Europe. The dissolution of these empires, foreshadowed by the independence of the United States and the emancipation of Spain's Latin American colonies, and accomplished definitively in the half-century following the Great War, signified the extension of inter-state relationships to the world in general, while it marked the end of the domination of the European states in particular.

Global E-Commerce Talks at the WTO: Positions on Selected Issues of the United States, European Union, China, and Japan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Simon Abendin ◽  
Pingfang Duan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Information Protection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Source Codes ◽  
Consumer Privacy ◽  
Free Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Japan And China

Abstract There is a broad consensus that global electronic commerce needs the World Trade Organization (WTO) trade rules to govern it. The current mandate of the WTO is merely to examine the various trade-related aspects of e-commerce. Nevertheless, in recent years, some WTO members have put forward a proposal to begin negotiations for global e-commerce rules which was impeded due to the differing positions of developed and developing members. This paper examines the positions of the United States, the European Union, Japan, and China on the e-commerce multilateral rules negotiation issues. It then takes a look at the prospect of the WTO being able to reach an agreement on e-commerce. The analysis shows that the United States and the European Union have varying views on consumer privacy, information protection, and internet taxation. Although Japan sides with the United States on these issues and China is on the same page as the European Union regarding consumer privacy, China holds a different position from the United States and the European Union on the other two matters. China is not making commitments on data localization, free data flow, and forced transfer of source codes. Therefore, the outlook of the current e-commerce talks is not favorable for concluding WTO e-commerce agreements.

scholarly journals Product Liability Law: From Theory to Prative in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Que Anh ◽  
Bich Thao Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Product Liability ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The United States ◽  
Application Of Law ◽  
Liability Law ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
The World

Product liability law plays an important role in protecting consumers in the modern society. This article analyzes the development of product liability law in the world, presents the concept and characteristics of product liability, examines product liability law in the United States and European Union, and compares with Vietnamese law on protection of consumer rights. The article also surveys some cases decided by Vietnamese courts in which consumers claimed damages for companies’ infringement on their rights, and points out the loopholes and shortcomings of the law and of the courts’ application of law. The authors then argue that these shortcomings result from the lack of an independent body of product liability law which is based on sound theoretical foundation, and proposes directions to address this problem.

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