The Affected Subject: Reflexives, Reciprocals, and Middles

2019 ◽  
pp. 151-177
Keyword(s):  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deep Bhattacharjee

Psychiatric disorders’ or as emphasized in the paper in the form of somatic-symptom disorder, a sub-category of Schizophrenia has been from the ancient of the human civilization, when the medicinal approach and treatment of the subject hasn’t been developed yet, the notion of the affected subject to be under some spiritual subjugation has automatically been implied on the minds of the people which leads to immense torture and torment of the subject by the society. However, in the modern medical scenario, the situation has shifted from spiritual/evilness to the extreme derision where it has been already implied on the healthy societies brain that, the subject is intentionally acting like a patient or it’s a ‘disease of the mind’ with no associated physical pain which being attributed to the tendency of late diagnosis and recovery, makes the subject a sheer block of ‘sarcasm’ among the healthy society where they tries their best to make ‘the fun out of him’ as regards to his continuous pain and suffering. This generally amplified by the delay in the starting of the treatment for the difficulty of the doctors to diagnose the disease, as not so developed instruments are still in their infancy to detect and derelict the mental disorders, where in most of the time, the golden period of diagnosis is either over or even if psychiatric treatment is initiated can lead to a more defocused effects as doctors itself finds it difficult to approach the right medicine to the disordered person, where, in case, they have to go from one doctor to another in the risk of a trial and error effect.


Author(s):  
Jonardon Ganeri

There is a commonly agreed way to articulate the logical form of a conscious state: it a state such that there is something it is like for a subject to be in it. This formula has the important virtue that it enables us to separate out two distinct aspects in the phenomenology of an experience: what is experienced, the ‘quality’ of the experience; and how it is experienced, that it is experienced as being for-a-subject. A careful examination of the syntax of the ‘what it’s like …’ construction reveals that the colloquial phrase ‘subject of experience’ is polysemic. On the one hand it might mean the subject in whom the experience is occurring. Let me call this the ‘locative of manifestation’. This host self, an inhabited self, is more commonly identified with the physical human being, or the human being’s brain or neuropsychological state, but Pessoa gives instead a phenomenological interpretation of the notion. The phrase might also mean the subject affected by the experience. The affected subject is the one to whom the experience is addressed, so I will call this the ‘accusative of manifestation’. The accusative of manifestation is, evidently, conceptually distinct from the locative of manifestation. Finally, the phrase might mean the subject who is undergoing the experience, the one who lives through the experience, the ‘dative of manifestation.’


1976 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Godai ◽  
R. Tatarelli ◽  
G. Bonanni

A total of 63 twin pairs (22 MZ and 41 DZ), with one or both members affected by not organic stuttering and/or tics, have been drawn out of the Mendel Institute's twin file. Concordance of stuttering was observed in 10:12 MZ, but only in 2:19 DZ twin pairs; concordance of tics in 6:10 MZ and in 2:22 DZ twin pairs. Stuttering did not come out significantly associated either with other disturbances of language or with an IQ under the average; almost always it was possible to find out a precipitating factor. Significant relations between stuttering and tics could not be stated. Sex ratio, obtained regarding any affected subject separately, clearly turned in favour of males both in stuttering (32:12) and in tics (27:12). Stutterers and left-handers incidence in the families of stuttering subjects appeared significant in comparison with families of subjects with tics.


2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 3431-3435
Author(s):  
Robert A. Hegele ◽  
Henian Cao ◽  
Carol M. Anderson ◽  
Irene M. Hramiak

Abstract We previously identified a novel mutation, namely LMNA R482Q, that was found to underlie Dunnigan-type partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) and diabetes in an extended Canadian kindred. We have since sequenced LMNA in five additional Canadian FPLD probands and herein report three new rare missense mutations in LMNA: V440M, R482W, and R584H. One severely affected subject was a compound heterozygote for both V440M and R482Q. The findings indicated that 1) a spectrum of LMNA mutations underlies FPLD; 2) aberrant lamin A, and not lamin C, is likely to underlie FPLD, as R584H occurs within LMNA sequence that is specific for lamin A; 3) the V440M mutation may not cause lipodystrophy on its own; 4) compound heterozygosity for V440M and R482Q is associated with a relatively more severe FPLD phenotype, but not with complete lipodystrophy; and 5) variation in the severity of the phenotype might be related to environmental factors.


Cephalalgia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 960-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Dent ◽  
HK Spiss ◽  
R Helbok ◽  
WBP Matuja ◽  
S Scheunemann ◽  
...  

We set out to assess the prevalence during the previous year of migraine in a rural area surrounding the Mnero Diocesan Hospital in Southern-Tanzania. A door-to-door survey from August until December 1999 using a questionnaire based on the criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS), including 1047 households with 3351 persons, was done, consisting of a screening dialogue with a representative family member followed by a face-to-face interview with the affected subject. Of the 3351 participants (female 1876; male 1475; age > 10 years), 23.1% had suffered from headache during the past year; overall prevalence of migraine was 5.0% (female 7.0%; male 2.6%); 1.4% reported migraine without aura (female 1.8%; male 0.9%); and 3.6% reported migraine with aura (female 5.2%, male 1.6%). The peak prevalence was found in female persons in the fourth (11.1%), in male persons in the third decade of life (3.8%). Compared with other African surveys, the prevalence rate of migraine headache in South Tanzania is slightly higher than among Ethiopian and Zimbabwean Africans.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Carlock ◽  
Kelly Manning ◽  
Elizabeth J. Leslie

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed the feasibility of unpaid social media (SM) advertising to recruit participants affected with an orofacial cleft (OFC) for a genetic study.DesignThis paper is a retrospective analysis of study recruitment based on enrollment and participation in a genetic study. Participants completed a series of enrollment surveys, provided saliva samples for genetic analysis, and completed post-participation feedback surveys.ParticipantsParticipants signed up for the study following SM advertisement. Participants were eligible if: they or a minor in their care were affected by an OFC, the affected participant was not adopted, and the mother of the affected individual had not taken anti-seizure medication during pregnancy. 313 individuals completed initial screening surveys; 306 participants were eligible. 263 individuals completed all online surveys and were sent DNA sample kits. 162 subject DNA samples were returned.Main Outcome MeasuresSuccess of recruitment was evaluated as number of enrolled participants and return rate for DNA samples.Results263 OFC-affected individuals completed the screening process in the first 12 months of recruitment. 162 of 263 affected subject DNA samples were returned within 12 months of sending, for a return rate of 62%. Approximately two-thirds (66.3%) of all returned samples were sent back within the first 6 weeks after receiving DNA kits.ConclusionsUnpaid SM advertising enabled the recruitment of a large cohort of participants in a short time (12 months). SM recruitment was inexpensive and effective for recruiting participants for a genetic study.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Chiara Bozzone

Abstract This paper examines the function and distribution of *CoC-éye/o- presents (traditionally labelled as causatives/iteratives) in PIE in the light of recent theoretical and typological contributions on causative formations crosslinguistically. In particular, this paper argues that: 1. The oldest function of CoC-éye/o- presents in PIE is to derive causative presents to unaccusative base verbs, as well as to some transitive verbs with an affected subject. The development of the iterative meaning is secondary and einzelsprachlich. 2. In the daughter languages, the category developed in two different directions (following Shibatani & Pardeshi’s causative continuum), depending on its degree of productivity. In Greek and Latin, the category became unproductive and underwent a “causative/non-causative” split, whereby the iterative meaning developed under certain conditions. A parallel development of the causative morpheme in the Mayan language K’iche’ is discussed into detail. 3. In Vedic and Proto-Germanic, the category became more productive and did not develop iterative semantics.


2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Modin ◽  
T Masterman ◽  
T Thorlacius ◽  
M Stefánsson ◽  
A Jónasdóttir ◽  
...  

Multiple sclerosis (MS), like A lzheimer’s disease (A D) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), is a common neurological disorder thought to be caused by the interaction of several genes with unknown environmental factors. In both A D and PD the identification of disease forms inherited in a classic Mendelian fashion has helped investigators elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms. In this study a whole-genome screen, with an average of 608 successful genotypes per person, was performed on nine members of a consanguineous family: the index case, three of her siblings and her daughter, all of whom have been diagnosed with definite MS; as well as the parents of the index case (first cousins), one of her five healthy siblings and her husband (who is also her first cousin). Nonparametric linkage analysis was performed on genotyping data. Based on the presence of consanguinity, the a priori hypothesis was that the disease is transmitted in an autosomal recessive fashion in the pedigree. Linkage analysis revealed a suggestive logarithm of odds (LO D) score of 2.29 on the long arm of chromosome 9. Four of five affected family members were identically homozygous for a haplotype under this peak, spanning approximately 43 cM, while the fifth affected subject and all unaffected family members were hetero zygous for the haplotype.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Zakharov

. In this article, based on the analysis of the main elements of the activities of officials of border agencies in the conduct of administrative investigation in cases of administrative offenses, its general and specific characteristics are highlighted, which together allowed the author to propose a definition of the investigated type of activity. Not only the current legal regulation in the field of application of the administrative investigation specified in Article 28.7 of the Administrative Code, but also the inconsistency of the emerging scientific-categorical apparatus of the affected subject area are subjected to critical consideration.


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