THE MANUFACTURE AND BURIAL OF HOHOKAM DISK BEADS IN THE TUCSON BASIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny L. Adams ◽  
Mary F. Ownby
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Tucson Basin ◽  
Macroscopic Examination ◽  
Scanning Electron

Recent examinations of more than 13,000 disk beads from mortuary contexts determined that macroscopic examination was not always enough to distinguish shell, stone, and fired-clay beads. Using replication experiments and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), we update the 80-year-old conclusions of Emil Haury, who defined features distinctive to bead manufacture. With this renewed confidence in materials identification, we analyzed the distributions of disk beads made from shell, stone, and fired clay among Hohokam inhumations and cremations at the Yuma Wash, Honey Bee Village, and Wetlands sites in the Tucson Basin. Not everyone was buried with disk beads, but all age groups were represented among those who were buried with beads. Some people were buried with only stone, or only shell, or only fired-clay beads, although more were buried with beads of some combination of these three materials. In this article, we consider why fired-clay beads were added to the mix and conclude that they were made as acceptable substitutes for stone beads, not for deceptive reasons concerning wealth or status, but rather in imitation of stone to honor a tradition that could not otherwise be efficiently met.

The Effect of the Distribution of Ag in High TC Bi- Compound Superconductors

1989 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis S. Nash ◽  
K. C. Goretta ◽  
Philip Nash ◽  
R. B. Poeppel ◽  
Donglu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
High Tc ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractA series of 4336 Bi‐Sr‐Ca‐Cu oxide samples doped with 1 to 5% metallic Ag was prepared by solid state reaction. The distribution of Ag, the microstructure and the crystal structure of the samples were studied using energy dispersive spectrometry, EDS, scanning electron microscopy, SEM, and x‐ray diffractometry, XRD. Addition of Ag leads to a marked increase in preferred orientation with (001) planes perpendicular to the pressing direction in sintered pellets. The resistivity‐temperature data show an enhanced Tc in Ag‐doped samples under certain conditions. Energy dispersive spectrometry indicates that the dopant mostly segregates to the grain boundaries.

Spatial variability of elements in ancient Greek (ca. 600–250 BC) silver coins using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (S2) ◽  
pp. S95-S100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Marjo ◽  
Gillan Davis ◽  
Bin Gong ◽  
Damian B. Gore
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Provenance Studies ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Scanning Electron

Archaeometrists use a variety of analytical methods to determine trace elements in ancient Greek silver coins, for provenance studies, understanding social and technological change, and authentication. One analytical problem which is little documented is understanding the horizontal spatial heterogeneity of coin elemental composition in micro-sampled areas, which are usually assumed to be uniform. This study analysed ten ancient Greek coins representative of silver circulating in the Aegean region in the sixth to third centuries BC. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry was used to map the spatial distribution of elements on coins that were abraded to remove the patina. Time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry was then conducted on selected coins, mapping an area ~100 × 100 µm and depth profiling from 0 to 10 µm. These data revealed the three-dimensional elemental complexity of the coins, in particular, the heterogeneity both in the patina and beneath it. These data will guide future authentication and provenance studies of larger sample sets of ancient Greek coins including the use of line scanning for laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry data collection rather than spot analyses, and non-destructive analytical techniques such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

New Materials on the Renaissance Artists' Palette

2004 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara H. Berrie ◽  
Louisa C. Matthew
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Lead Silicate ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Lead Antimonate ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTIn the light of new documentary information regarding the range of materials available to sixteenth century artists, cross sections from paintings were re-examined using scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive spectrometry. Among a variety of new materials, colored glassy pigments were found including diverse yellow glassy particles, specifically lead silicate and a glass colored by lead antimonate. These are the “yellow smalts” described in Renaissance writings on artists’ materials.

scholarly journals Micro-Stratigraphical Investigation on Corrosion Layers in Ancient Bronze Artefacts of Urartian Period by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive Spectrometry, and Optical Microscopy

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2526-2543
Author(s):  
Yeghis Keheyan ◽  
Giancarlo Lanterna
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Tin Content ◽  
Scanning Electron

The results of the analysis on some fragments of bronze belts and a bowl discovered from southwestern Armenia at the Yegheghnadzor archaeological site are discussed. The samples are dated to the 7–6th millennium BCE from the Urartian period. The artefacts were corroded, and a multilayer structure was formed. To study the stratigraphy of layers and their composition, the samples have been analyzed using SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive Spectrometry) and OM (Optical Microscopy) techniques. The bronze finds appear with the typical incrustations rich in alloy alteration compounds. Concentrations of copper and tin in the alloys were quantified by SEM-EDS: the pattern and the percentage of the alloy are the same for the belts. Regarding the bowl sample, it is constituted by two foils perfectly in contact but different in color, thickness, and composition. The results evidenced that only two elements participate in forming the alloy composition in the samples: Cu and Sn. The tin content is variable from 7.75% to 13.56%. Other elements such as Ag, As, Fe, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, and Zn make up less than 1% and can be considered as impurities.

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