NASA concept vehicles and the engineering of advanced air mobility aircraft

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
W. Johnson ◽  
C. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Handling Qualities ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Technology Project ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Cargo Delivery ◽  
Design Detail ◽  
Vertical Lift ◽  
Vtol Aircraft

Abstract NASA is conducting investigations in Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) aircraft and operations. AAM missions are characterised by ranges below 300 nm, including rural and urban operations, passenger carrying as well as cargo delivery. Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is a subset of AAM and is the segment that is projected to have the most economic benefit and be the most difficult to develop. The NASA Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology project is developing UAM VTOL aircraft designs that can be used to focus and guide research activities in support of aircraft development for emerging aviation markets. These NASA concept vehicles encompass relevant UAM features and technologies, including propulsion architectures, highly efficient yet quiet rotors, and aircraft aerodynamic performance and interactions. The configurations adopted are generic, intentionally different in appearance and design detail from prominent industry arrangements. Already these UAM concept aircraft have been used in numerous engineering investigations, including work on meeting safety requirements, achieving good handling qualities, and reducing noise below helicopter certification levels. Focusing on the concept vehicles, observations are made regarding the engineering of Advanced Air Mobility aircraft.

scholarly journals 2484

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Tilicia Mayo-Gamble ◽  
Velma McBride Murry ◽  
Michael R. DeBaun
Keyword(s):  
Rare Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Rural And Urban

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Despite the high prevalence of individuals diagnosed with sickle cell disease (SCD) in Tennessee, comprehensive care and education for patients with SCD is not as widely available as healthcare services for individuals managing other chronic illnesses. We aimed to engage SCD stakeholders in patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) as a mechanism for advancing care and translational research for this rare disease population. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Through a partnership with the Sickle Cell Foundation of Tennessee, we implemented Community Health Ambassadors to systematically engage patient partners with SCD and their caregivers, aged 18–50 from rural and urban communities throughout Tennessee, in PCOR to establish a sustainable infrastructure, focused on connecting the SCD community through a service providing community-based organization to offer (1) information on how to connect with other families; and be informed about SCD community activities, or educational offerings; (2) training in basic research principals; and (3) opportunities to contribute to PCOR, including feedback on effective and practical ways for providing input on research efforts through patient centered input, comparing urban and rural area preferences. Community ambassadors utilized health fairs, clinic days at various hospitals and community centers, and social media to spread awareness of the project, in addition to boosting the recruitment process. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A statewide SCD network was developed to offer social support and increase access to education, medical care, and engagement in research activities. Findings include: recruitment of 150 patients and 35 executive committee members (local physicians, community leaders, adults with SCD and parents of children with SCD). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Most rural and urban families affected by SCD have no systematic way to engage in, or lend their expertise to, PCOR. A statewide network of patient partners, community stakeholders, researchers, and medical professionals will ultimately increase the standard of care for patients, and provide valuable insight for SCD research. The opportunity to create the underpinnings for coordinated patient-centered education for patients with SCD and their caregivers holds promise for developing a scalable PCOR process model for replication and implementation in other states and emulate this model with other rare disease populations.

scholarly journals Electro-Actuation System Strategy for a Morphing Flap

Aerospace ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Arena ◽  
Francesco Amoroso ◽  
Rosario Pecora ◽  
Salvatore Ameduri
Keyword(s):  
Lift Coefficient ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Distributed Sensor ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Morphing Structure ◽  
Stall Angle ◽  
And Control

Within the framework of the Clean Sky-JTI (Joint Technology Initiative) project, the design and technological demonstration of a novel wing flap architecture were addressed. Research activities were carried out to substantiate the feasibility of morphing concepts enabling flap camber variation in compliance with the demanding safety requirements applicable to the next generation green regional aircraft. The driving motivation for the investigation on such a technology was found in the opportunity to replace a conventional double slotted flap with a single slotted camber-morphing flap assuring similar high lift performances—in terms of maximum attainable lift coefficient and stall angle—while lowering emitted noise and system complexity. The actuation and control logics aimed at preserving prescribed geometries of the device under variable load conditions are numerically and experimentally investigated with reference to an ‘iron-bird’ demonstrator. The actuation concept is based on load-bearing actuators acting on morphing ribs, directly and individually. The adopted un-shafted distributed electromechanical system arrangement uses brushless actuators, each rated for the torque of a single adaptive rib of the morphing structure. An encoder-based distributed sensor system generates the information for appropriate control-loop and, at the same time, monitors possible failures in the actuation mechanism. Further activities were then discussed in order to increase the TRL (Technology Readiness Level) of the validated architecture.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling of Gimballed Tilt-Rotors for Real-Time Flight Simulation

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Anna Abà ◽  
Federico Barra ◽  
Pierluigi Capone ◽  
Giorgio Guglieri
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Flight Simulation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Handling Qualities ◽  
Tilt Rotor ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
The Mathematical Model

This paper introduces a novel gimballed rotor mathematical model for real-time flight simulation of tilt-rotor aircraft and other vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) concepts, which improves the previous version of a multi-purpose rotor mathematical model developed by ZHAW and Politecnico di Torino as part of a comprehensive flight simulation model of a tilt-rotor aircraft currently implemented in the Research and Didactics Simulator of ZHAW and used for research activities such as handling qualities studies and flight control systems development. In the novel model, a new formulation of the flapping dynamics is indroduced to account for the gimballed rotor and better suit current tilt-rotor designs (XV-15, V-22, AW-609). This paper describes the mathematical model and provides a generic formulation as well as a specific one for 3-blades proprotors. The method expresses the gimbal attitude but also considers the variation of each blade’s flapping due to the elasticity of the blades, so that the rotor coning angle can be represented. A validation of the mathematical model is performed against the available literature on the XV-15 Tilt-rotor aircraft and a comparison between the previous model is provided to show the improvements achieved. The results show a good correlation between the model and the reference data and the registered performance allow real-time flight simulation with pilot and hardware in the loop.

Control and handling qualities considerations for an advanced supersonic transport aircraft

1999 ◽  
Vol 103 (1024) ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
A. J. Steer ◽  
M. V. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Flight Control ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Transport Aircraft ◽  
Handling Qualities ◽  
Supersonic Transport ◽  
Handling Characteristics ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Propulsion Control ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

Abstract A future advanced supersonic transport aircraft (AST) has fundamental characteristics and problems inherent to supersonic cruise aircraft with corresponding unique control and handling characteristics. In order to optimise the aerodynamic performance across the full flight envelope a fully integrated flight and propulsion control system will be required. However, this will need to be designed from the outset within clearly defined flight control and performance guidelines. Relevant existing and AST specific handling qualities criteria will need to be developed if a successful commercial transport aircraft is to be produced. This paper begins by presenting an overview of existing supersonic transport (SST) aircraft operations and current second generation SST research activities and design considerations. This is followed by an analysis of the principal aerodynamic, dynamic and control characteristics of SST and AST aircraft and their effect on the aircraft’s handling qualities. Finally, some possible solutions to the control and handling issues are investigated, assessed and presented.

scholarly journals A Numerical Investigation of the Geometric Parametrisation of Shock Control Bumps for Transonic Shock Oscillation Control

Fluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Geoghegan ◽  
Nicholas F. Giannelis ◽  
Gareth A. Vio
Keyword(s):  
Design Space ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Handling Qualities ◽  
Shock Control Bump ◽  
Shock Control ◽  
Oscillation Control ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Shock Oscillation ◽  
Geometric Variables

At transonic flight conditions, shock oscillations on wing surfaces are known to occur and result in degraded aerodynamic performance and handling qualities. This is a purely flow-driven phenomenon, known as transonic buffet, that causes limit cycle oscillations and may present itself within the operational flight envelope. Hence, there is significant research interest in the development of shock control techniques to either stabilise the unsteady flow or raise the boundary onset. This paper explores the efficacy of dynamically activated contour-based shock control bumps within the buffet envelope of the OAT15A aerofoil on transonic flow control numerically through unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes modelling. A parametric evaluation of the geometric variables that define the Hicks–Henne-derived shock control bump will show that bumps of this type lead to a large design space of applicable shapes for buffet suppression. Assessment of the flow field, local to the deployed shock control bump geometries, reveals that control is achieved through a weakening of the rear shock leg, combined with the formation of dual re-circulatory cells within the separated shear-layer. Within this design space, favourable aerodynamic performance can also be achieved. The off-design performance of two optimal shock control bump configurations is explored over the buffet region for M = 0.73, where the designs demonstrate the ability to suppress shock oscillations deep into the buffet envelope.

A rating scale for the subjective assessment of simulation fidelity

2014 ◽  
Vol 118 (1206) ◽  
pp. 953-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Perfect ◽  
E. Timson ◽  
M. D. White ◽  
G. D. Padfield ◽  
R. Erdos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Simulation Fidelity ◽  
Handling Qualities ◽  
Strategy Adaptation ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Quantitative Metrics ◽  
Task Strategy ◽  
The University ◽  
Rotary Wing

AbstractA new rating scale for capturing pilot subjective assessment of simulation fidelity is described in this paper. The scale has been developed through a series of flight and simulation trials using six test pilots from a variety of backgrounds, and is based on the methodology utilised with the Cooper-Harper Handling Qualities Rating scale and the concepts of transfer of training, comparative task performance and task strategy adaptation. The development of the new rating scale has been undertaken using simulations of rotary-wing aircraft on the University of Liverpool’s HELIFLIGHT-R research simulator, in conjunction with the Canadian Flight Research Laboratory’s Bell 412 ASRA in-flight simulator. The utility of the scale applied to locating fidelity boundaries for quantitative metrics is illustrated for an inter-axis coupling criterion. The work described in this paper is preliminary in nature, and research activities are on-going to continue the validation of the fidelity rating scale.

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