From Autochthony to Violence? Discursive and Coercive Social Practices of the Mai-Mai in Fizi, Eastern DR Congo

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Verweijen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Violent Action

Abstract:This article explores the links between autochthony discourses and physical violence through a case study of a Mai-Mai group in the eastern DR Congo. While this group garners support by employing such discourses and related tropes of autodéfense (self-defense), there are clear limits to the capacity of these narratives to mobilize for and legitimize violent action. Furthermore, much of the violence committed by the Mai-Mai is not informed directly by notions of autochthony, but is rather geared toward the consolidation of power. This observation should act as a caution against the a priori coding of violence according to the ways it is discursively framed by its protagonists.

Missing the Trees for the Forest: Understanding Aggression Among Physically Victimized Women

Partner Abuse ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaura E. Orengo-Aguayo ◽  
Erika Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Situational Contexts ◽  
Specific Emotion

Research on physically victimized women’s aggression has focused on distal predictors and correlates of aggression and on women’s self-reported motivations for their aggression. The absence of examinations of contextual predictors of women’s intimate partner violence has resulted in a limited understanding of the proximal circumstances in which physically victimized women perpetrate aggression. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the situational contexts in which physically victimized women use physical aggression in their relationships by analyzing a detailed narrative of a specific violent episode. Women were significantly more likely to use physical aggression under the following conditions: (a) when they were the first to initiate the physical aggression; (b) when their partners engaged in either moderate or severe violence as opposed to extremely severe physical violence; (c) when their partners were sober as opposed to drunk or high; and (d) when they were experiencing a specific emotion as opposed to a combination of emotions such as fear, anger, and sadness. Women’s motivations for being aggressive were moderated by their partners’ severity of aggression. When men perpetrated moderate physical aggression, women’s aggression was largely emotion-driven. When men engaged in severe physical aggression, women’s physical aggression was motivated by a combination of wanting to retaliate and emotional arousal. When men engaged in extremely severe physical aggression, there was a trend for women’s physical aggression to be motivated primarily by self-defense. These results suggest that the context of a specific argument is important in understanding why physically victimized women perpetrate aggression.

Magnetotelluric static shift: Estimation and removal using the cokriging method

Geophysics ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. F25-F34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Tournerie ◽  
Michel Chouteau ◽  
Denis Marcotte
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Resistivity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Shift Factor ◽  
Static Shift ◽  
Geostatistical Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Resistivity Sounding ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Variogram

We present and test a new method to correct for the static shift affecting magnetotelluric (MT) apparent resistivity sounding curves. We use geostatistical analysis of apparent resistivity and phase data for selected periods. For each period, we first estimate and model the experimental variograms and cross variogram between phase and apparent resistivity. We then use the geostatistical model to estimate, by cokriging, the corrected apparent resistivities using the measured phases and apparent resistivities. The static shift factor is obtained as the difference between the logarithm of the corrected and measured apparent resistivities. We retain as final static shift estimates the ones for the period displaying the best correlation with the estimates at all periods. We present a 3D synthetic case study showing that the static shift is retrieved quite precisely when the static shift factors are uniformly distributed around zero. If the static shift distribution has a nonzero mean, we obtained best results when an apparent resistivity data subset can be identified a priori as unaffected by static shift and cokriging is done using only this subset. The method has been successfully tested on the synthetic COPROD-2S2 2D MT data set and on a 3D-survey data set from Las Cañadas Caldera (Tenerife, Canary Islands) severely affected by static shift.

Conceptualizing social media sub-platforms: The case of mourning and memorialization practices on Facebook

2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482110357
Author(s):  
Sarit Navon ◽  
Chaim Noy
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Personal Quality ◽  
Hybrid Nature ◽  
Communicative Functions

This article offers a conceptual framework of Facebook’s sub-platforms: Profiles, Groups, and Pages. We demonstrate the crucially different affordances that these sub-platforms possess, and the various resulting social practices and dynamics that they enable. With mourning and memorialization as a case study, our findings point at emergent practices ranging along a personal-to-public spectrum of communicative functions and media uses: Profiles offer a personal quality, albeit differently for the bereaved’s Profile and the deceased’s Profile; Groups possess a hybrid nature, combining self-expression alongside public aspects, reviving thus premodern bereaved communities; and Pages possess a distinctly public quality, serving as online memorialization centers where the deceased becomes an icon and a resource for mobilizing broad social change. This comparative and integrated approach may be applied productively to other contexts and other social media (sub-)platforms.

scholarly journals Modeling the bioconversion of polysaccharides in a continuous reactor: A case study of the production of oligogalacturonates by Dickeya dadantii

2018 ◽  
Vol 294 (5) ◽  
pp. 1753-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques-Alexandre Sepulchre ◽  
Sylvie Reverchon ◽  
Jean-Luc Gouzé ◽  
William Nasser
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Pectate Lyase ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Dickeya Dadantii ◽  
Pectate Lyases ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Promising Avenue

In the quest for a sustainable economy of the Earth's resources and for renewable sources of energy, a promising avenue is to exploit the vast quantity of polysaccharide molecules contained in green wastes. To that end, the decomposition of pectin appears to be an interesting target because this polymeric carbohydrate is abundant in many fruit pulps and soft vegetables. To quantitatively study this degradation process, here we designed a bioreactor that is continuously fed with de-esterified pectin (PGA). Thanks to the pectate lyases produced by bacteria cultivated in the vessel, the PGA is depolymerized into oligogalacturonates (UGA), which are continuously extracted from the tank. A mathematical model of our system predicted that the conversion efficiency of PGA into UGA increases in a range of coefficients of dilution until reaching an upper limit where the fraction of UGA that is extracted from the bioreactor is maximized. Results from experiments with a continuous reactor hosting a strain of the plant pathogenic bacterium Dickeya dadantii and in which the dilution coefficients were varied quantitatively validated the predictions of our model. A further theoretical analysis of the system enabled an a priori comparison of the efficiency of eight other pectate lyase–producing microorganisms with that of D. dadantii. Our findings suggest that D. dadantii is the most efficient microorganism and therefore the best candidate for a practical implementation of our scheme for the bioproduction of UGA from PGA.

scholarly journals Assessment of Violence Against Medical Staff in Prince Salman Hospital in Al Riyadh City, Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahlam Melfi Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Health Care Staff ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Community Awareness ◽  
Riyadh City ◽  
Verbal Violence

   The current study aims at assessing violent prevalence experienced and / or witnessed by medical staff at work, and determining whether there is a relationship between the prevalence of violence which the staff of Prince Salman Hospital has experienced and/or witnessed and the demographic factors. Descriptive and analytical case study method was used to gather information at Prince Salman Hospital. The health care staff of the hospital is the sample. All of them were asked to do the questionnaire. Results indicate that most of the staff are subjected to a variety of violence, at least, once a day. The statistical analysis shows that physical violence rates are between 27.7% and 30.4 %, verbal violence rates are between 41.1% and 41.1%, and sexual harassment rates are between 11.6 % and 19.6. In addition, results refer that there is a relationship between physical violence, age, and the workgroup. Whereas, there is no relationships between physical violence and sexual intends. in regarding with verbal violence, there is a relationship with different elements of age, marital status, and workgroup. Furthermore, there are no relationships between sexual harassments and marital status and workgroup. The present study conclusions that there are increasing numbers of violent states at the Prince Salman Hospital in Al-riyadh. So, it recommends that some procedures must be done to help the staff to handle violent actions, to develop the policies of reporting events, to increase security and community awareness with the phenomenon of violence.  

scholarly journals Robust Bayesian Joint Inversion of Gravimetric and Muographic Data for the Density Imaging of the Puy de Dôme Volcano (France)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Barnoud ◽  
Valérie Cayol ◽  
Peter G. Lelièvre ◽  
Angélie Portal ◽  
Philippe Labazuy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Inversion ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Constant Density ◽  
Acquisition Duration ◽  
Regularization Parameters ◽  
Absolute Density ◽  
Gravimetric Data ◽  
Ill Posed ◽  
Leave One Out

Imaging the internal structure of volcanoes helps highlighting magma pathways and monitoring potential structural weaknesses. We jointly invert gravimetric and muographic data to determine the most precise image of the 3D density structure of the Puy de Dôme volcano (Chaîne des Puys, France) ever obtained. With rock thickness of up to 1,600 m along the muon lines of sight, it is, to our knowledge, the largest volcano ever imaged by combining muography and gravimetry. The inversion of gravimetric data is an ill-posed problem with a non-unique solution and a sensitivity rapidly decreasing with depth. Muography has the potential to constrain the absolute density of the studied structures but the use of the method is limited by the possible number of acquisition view points, by the long acquisition duration and by the noise contained in the data. To take advantage of both types of data in a joint inversion scheme, we develop a robust method adapted to the specificities of both the gravimetric and muographic data. Our method is based on a Bayesian formalism. It includes a smoothing relying on two regularization parameters (an a priori density standard deviation and an isotropic correlation length) which are automatically determined using a leave one out criterion. This smoothing overcomes artifacts linked to the data acquisition geometry of each dataset. A possible constant density offset between both datasets is also determined by least-squares. The potential of the method is shown using the Puy de Dôme volcano as case study as high quality gravimetric and muographic data are both available. Our results show that the dome is dry and permeable. Thanks to the muographic data, we better delineate a trachytic dense core surrounded by a less dense talus.

scholarly journals Your home, my refuge: being a refugee in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-233
Author(s):  
HÉLIO ARTHUR REIS IRIGARAY ◽  
RENATA ANDERSON ◽  
FLÁVIO VELLASQUEZ ◽  
FERNANDO FILARDI
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Hegemonic Discourse ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Textual Practices

Abstract The objective of this study was to reveal how refugees who live in Brazil perceive the macro-dynamics of the local society and how their response to them varies in accordance with their different psycho demographic profiles. We interviewed 24 refugees from different countries, genders, ages, and races. The interviews were taped, transcribed, and subjected to critical discourse analysis, resulting in three a priori categories: social, discursive, and textual practices. We found out that social practices did differ in terms of their countries of origin, gender, and race. The analysis of their discourses revealed three different places and roles: hero, victim, or faker. Finally, the textual analysis indicated the choice of words that subverted the hegemonic discourse of refugees, revealing resistance to the place refugees are relegated to in Brazilian society.

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