Gender-Based Violence Against Female Students in European University Settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin List
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sexualized Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
University Settings

AbstractDue to their age and lifestyle, female students in general are at an increased risk of various forms of sexual violence. Particular sociocultural contexts also form the background of gender-based violence in professional and academic structures. Yet despite institutional and legal efforts to protect (potential) survivors of sexual violence from primary (and secondary) victimization, persistent assaults demonstrate the reluctance of organizations and individuals to fully accept women’s experiences as being physically and psychologically harmful. Based on quantitative and qualitative data obtained in the context of the European research project “Gender-Based Violence, Stalking and Fear of Crime”,1 this article presents a comparative analysis of the prevalence of sexual violence, feelings of safety (or a lack thereof) and the reasons for (non-)disclosure for five European countries. A dataset of about 21,000 responses from German, British, Italian, Spanish and Polish students indicates that sexualized violence is a major problem at universities and that it has yet to be recognized as such. This – added to the fact that it is generally suppressed or concealed by universities – makes it society’s problem as well. The article discusses widespread social myths about victims and perpetrators, the role of the new media in victimization, and the issues of universities’ responsibility for their students (through institutional policy and specific responses to incidents of gender-based violence). The results presented here demonstrate the contradictory perceptions that students have in regard to their experiences and the nature of sexualized violence in an academic environment.

scholarly journals 8.M. Workshop: Researching the health effect of gender-based violence on women: challenges and implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Gender Based

Abstract Violence against women is a pervasive human rights violation, which is still under-recognized despite some recent progress. From sexist ubiquitous online harassment, to physical and sexual violence that affects at least 1 in 3 women in her lifetime, this prevalent and large spectrum of violence constitutes a profound health problem. It affects women's physical and mental health, making its prevention one of the most far-reaching public health objectives. Public health research on this topic is lacking, and few large epidemiological surveys and cohorts collect data on this subject. However, research is much needed to bring to light the extent of the problem, and guide the development and implementation of effective interventions, policies, and prevention strategies. In this symposium we propose to shed light on some health effects of gender-based violence and discuss methodological issues associated with conducting research on violence against women. Through the presentation of four studies, we highlight challenges in the framing of research questions, and in defining exposure variables and collecting data in standard epidemiological studies. We also reflect on barriers and enablers we encountered and brainstorm action levers for pragmatic and ethical intervention studies. Between them, the four studies cover various types of violence and health outcomes, and touch on the involvement of several health and healthcare stakeholders. First, Barbier et al describe the prevalence of physical, sexual and psychological intimate partner violence against European women, as well as perpetrator's characteristics, using data from the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights survey on violence against women. Second, Miani et al. reflect on the potential and limitations of using standard hospital records to measure violation of a woman's integrity during childbirth (e.g. obstetric violence) in Germany. Opportunities for intersectional analyses are also assessed. Third, El-Khoury et al. present results from the French Health barometer, a general population telephone survey, which recruited more than 25,000 adults aged18 to 75 in 2017. This first analysis quantifies sex-differences in the effect of sexual violence on suicide risk. Using adjusted mediation analyses, sexual victimisation was found to explain 49% and 40% of the increased risk women have compared to men in suicidal ideation and suicidal imagery respectively. Last, Hatem et al present preliminary results of a pilot study and the protocol of a future intervention study in the French “Maison des Femmes” (House of women), a center which provides medical, social and judicial support and care for women victim of violence. We discuss pragmatic and ethical concerns, difficulties and importance of such intervention studies. We conclude the session with a discussion with the audience, providing an opportunity for interdisciplinary dialogue and feedback on international experiences. Key messages Violence against women (VAW) is a widespread phenomenon taking many forms; similar to its effect on women’s health. VAW should be accounted for in all large epidemiological studies, using appropriate terms and measurement strategies.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Gender Based Violence Among Baso High School Female Students, 2020.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Basazin Mingude ◽  
Tadesse Mamo Dejene
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Female Students ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Debre Berhan ◽  
Gender Based

Abstract Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a common reproductive health problem especially in developing countries. It is still the first research priority area in Africa that is identified by World Health Organization. The main aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and determinants of Gender Based Violence among Baso high school female students in Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia.Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. A total of 350 female students were selected by stratified sampling technique. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Each independent variable was fitted separately into bivariate logistic analysis and Variables with p-values less than 0.25 in bivariable model were fitted into multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the degree of association with gender-based violence. The significance level was obtained with 95% CI and p-value < 0.05.Result: The prevalence of GBV during the lock down was 124 (36.2%; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.41), and the lifetime prevalence of GBV was 162(47.2%; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.53). The prevalence of life time sexual violence and physical violence were found to be 96 (27.99%; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.33), and 130 (37.99%; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.43), respectively. Sexual violence and physical violence during the lockdown were found to be 73 (21.28), and 61(17.78%), respectively. Respondents educational performance (AOR = 4.52; 95% CI: 1.82,11.3), monthly pocket money received from their parents (AOR = 2.97; 95% CI: 1.56,5.64), free discussion about reproductive issue(AOR = 2.72; 95% CI: 1.42,5.21), and experience of sexual intercourse(AOR = 13.22; 95% CI: 4.80, 36.37) were found to be determinants of gender based violence.Conclusion and recommendation: Gender Based Violence is still a significant sexual and reproductive health issue in Ethiopia. Governmental and non-governmental organizations should give due attention for this problem. Moreover, further large-scale studies are needed to estimate the national figure of GBV and to identify route causes.

Hybrid Courts and Amicus Curiae Briefing

2020 ◽  
pp. 351-365
Author(s):  
Sarah Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
Amicus Curiae ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
International Criminal Tribunals ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

This chapter studies the amicus curiae brief drafted for the Extraordinary African Chambers (EAC) regarding sexual violence in order to theorize the appropriate role of such briefing in enabling silenced voices to participate in international criminal tribunals. The term amicus curiae means literally ‘friend of the court’ in Latin. The concept enables actors who are not a party to proceedings (third parties) to provide information that is relevant, but which may not otherwise be brought before the court. Submissions by amicus curiae have influenced the process and judicial outcomes of international and hybrid criminal tribunals, including the International Criminal Court (ICC). This was evident at the EAC. Several international criminal law practitioners and academics submitted an amicus brief to the Chambers highlighting the need to include crimes of sexual and gender-based violence in the charges to be considered by the Chambers (the SGBV brief). The chapter then explores how civil society actors have used amicus curiae briefs to highlight the experiences and needs of women and girls affected by conflict and failures by tribunals to investigate and prosecute sexual violence in other international criminal tribunals.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of gender based violence among Baso high school female students, 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Basazin Mingude ◽  
Tadesse Mamo Dejene
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Female Students ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Debre Berhan ◽  
Gender Based

Abstract Background Gender-based violence (GBV) is a common reproductive health problem, especially in developing countries. It is still the first research priority area in Africa that is identified by World Health Organization. The main aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and determinants of Gender Based Violence among Baso high school female students in Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia. Methods An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. A total of 350 female students were selected by stratified sampling technique. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Each independent variable was fitted separately into bivariate logistic analysis, and Variables with p-values less than 0.25 in bivariable model were fitted into multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the degree of association with gender-based violence. The significance level was obtained with 95% CI and p-value < 0.05. Result The prevalence of GBV during the lock- down was 36.2% (95% CI 0.3, 0.4), and the lifetime prevalence of GBV was 47.2% (95% CI 0.4, 0.5). The prevalence of life time sexual violence and physical violence were found to be 27.99% (95% CI 0.2, 0.3), and 37.99% (95% CI 0.3, 0.4), respectively. Sexual violence and physical violence during the lockdown were found to be 21.3% and 17.8%, respectively. Respondents educational performance (AOR = 4.5; 95% CI 1.8, 11.3), monthly pocket money received from their parents (AOR = 3; 95% CI 1.6, 5.6), free discussion about reproductive issue (AOR = 2.7; 95% CI 1.4, 5.2), and experience of sexual intercourse (AOR = 13.2; 95% CI 4.8, 36.4) were found to be associated factors of gender based violence. Conclusion and recommendation Gender Based Violence is still a significant sexual and reproductive health issue in Ethiopia. Governmental and non-governmental organizations should give due attention to this problem. Moreover, further large-scale studies are needed to estimate the national figure of GBV and to identify route causes.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Gender-Based Violence and Its Associated Factors among Female Night Students in Bahir Dar City, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Habtamu Gebrehana Belay ◽  
Tewachew Muche Liyeh ◽  
Habtamu Abie Tassew ◽  
Abeba Belay Ayalew ◽  
Yitayal Ayalew Goshu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based

Background. Gender-based violence (GBV) is a major public health issue that affects the health and well-being of millions of young people worldwide each year. Gender-based violence was prevalent throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. However, research in Africa is extremely diverse. Objective. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent and risk factors of gender-based violence among night female students in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 788 elementary and high school night female students in Bahir Dar from October 15 to November 15, 2019. Data was gathered using self-administered questionnaires. A binary and multiple logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with gender-based and sexual violence. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95 percent confidence interval (CI) was calculated to determine the level of significance. Results. The overall lifetime prevalence of gender-based violence (sexual, physical, and emotional violence) was 71.1% with a 95% CI of 67.8%-74.1%. The lifetime prevalence of sexual violence, physical violence, and emotional violence was 49.1%, 57.5%, and 41.6%, respectively. Rural childhood residence (AOR: 3.37, 95% CI: (2.17-5.54)), low school performance (AOR: 3.44, 95% CI: (2.13-5.56)), lack of sexual and reproductive health conversation experience (AOR: 3.68, 95% CI: (2.07-6.54)), poor family control (AOR: 5.62, 95% CI: (3.25-9.71)), and being sexually active (AOR: 3.79, 95% CI: (2.35-6.12)) increased significantly the risk of gender-based violence. The risk factors for sexual violence were young people living with both parents (AOR: 0.28, 95% CI: (0.19-0.41)), peer pressure (AOR: 5.73, 95% CI: (4.11-7.98)), and family support (AOR: 0.31, 95% CI: (0.22-0.43)). Conclusion. In the study area, the lifetime prevalence of sexual violence, physical violence, and emotional violence was high. As a result, it is recommended that policymakers, district officials, schools, and other stakeholders pay attention to and act on gender-based values.

scholarly journals The association between female genital fistula symptoms and gender-based violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Tripathi ◽  
Lindsay Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Dhs Surveys ◽  
Genital Fistula ◽  
Female Genital

Aims: This study examined the association between self-reported female genital fistula symptoms and experience of gender-based violence (GBV) among women interviewed in Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) surveys. Methods: This study pooled data from 13 recent DHS surveys with both fistula and domestic violence modules. Multivariable logistic regressions controlled for maternal and demographic factors. Results: In this sample of 95,625 women, the prevalence of self-reported fistula symptoms ranges from 0.3% to 1.8% across countries. Among women reporting fistula symptoms,56% report past experience physical violence, more than among women with no symptoms (38%). Twice as many women with fistula symptoms report either lifetime (27%) or recent (16%) experience sexual violence than women not reporting symptoms (13% and 8%, respectively). Women whose first experience of sexual violence was from a non-partner have almost four times the odds of reporting fistula symptoms compared with those who never experienced sexual violence. Conclusions: These findings must be interpreted with caution given the inability to identify temporal and causal relationships through DHS data. However, the increased risk of violence among women with fistula symptoms suggests that fistula treatment programs should incorporate GBV screening, referral, and services into their pre-discharge care. 

scholarly journals ‘The martyr of dawn’: Femicide in Jordanian media

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebtihal Mahadeen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
News Media ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Arab Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Gender Based

This study aims to address the gap in Arab media scholarship on the representation of gender-based violence. Despite the prevalence and normalisation of gender-based violence in Jordan, no scholarly engagements exist that unpack the role of the media in fostering this social acceptance. This paper aims to critically analyse the media’s role by adopting a comparative approach to two types of femicide which have made headlines in the country: the first, a single mega murder which occurred in December 2013, and the second, a number of so-called honour crimes which occurred in 2008–2014. It argues that while both are manifestations of sexual violence, Jordanian media approach these femicides in wildly different ways and rank their victims differently. Drawing on criminological engagements with victimology, homicide and the media, the paper reveals the implicit assumptions and practices of Jordanian news media. This analysis is located within its Jordanian context, where violence against women, and even so-called honour crimes, are normalised.

scholarly journals Feasibility and acceptability of a universal screening and referral protocol for gender-based violence with women seeking care in health clinics in Dadaab refugee camps in Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vu ◽  
A. L. Wirtz ◽  
S. Bundgaard ◽  
A. Nair ◽  
G. Luttah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Universal Screening ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
Gender Based

Background.Gender-based violence (GBV) is both a global public health problem and violation of human rights. Refugees and internally displaced persons experience an increased risk of GBV and health outcomes associated with GBV are often exacerbated in conflict settings.Methods.A mixed methods study to examine the feasibility and acceptability of universal screening for GBV in a refugee population in the Dadaab refugee camp of Kenya, using the ASIST-GBV from January to July 2015.Results.Of 9366 women offered screening at International Rescue Committee health clinics, about 89% (n = 8369) female refugees consented to participate. Only 15% of the potentially eligible population could participate in GBV screening because of the ongoing struggle to identify private space in the clinics. Over 85% of women reported being ‘willing’ or ‘very willing’ to participate in GBV screening; 96% felt they had a good or very good experience with the screening protocol. Qualitative findings stressed the importance of securing a room/space in the busy clinic is critical to universal screening with referral to safe and confidential services for survivors.Conclusions.The findings suggest that the evidence-based ASIST-GBV is both feasible to implement and acceptable to both providers and women seeking care. Universal GBV screening and referral is an effective way for health care and service providers in humanitarian settings to assist survivors of GBV.

Advancing the Agenda of the Confederation of Trade Unions on the Prevention of Sexual Violence in the World of Work in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Atnike Nova Sigiro
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
The World ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Set Up

<p>This article was formulated based on interviews with 5 (five) trade union confederations from a number of confederations in Indonesia, namely: Konfederasi Serikat Pekerja Nasional (KSPN), Konfederasi Sarikat Buruh Muslimin Indonesia (KSarbumusi), Konfederasi Serikat Buruh Seluruh Indonesia (KSBSI), Konfederasi Serikat Pekerja Indonesia (KSPI), and Konfederasi Kongres Aliansi Serikat Buruh Indonesia (KKASBI). This article seeks to explore the efforts made by the trade union confederation in promoting gender equality - specifically in advancing the agenda for the prevention and elimination of sexual violence in the world of work. This article was compiled based on research with a qualitative approach, with data collection methods through interviews and literature studies. The results of this study found that the confederations interviewed had already set up internal structures that have specific functions on issues related to gender equality, gender-based violence, and women’s empowerment; although still limited and on ad-hoc basis. This research also finds that the role of the trade union confederation is particularly prominent in advocating policies related to sexual violence and gender-based violence in the world of work, such as advocating the Bill on the Elimination of Sexual Violence, and the ratification of the ILO Convention No. 190 on Violence and Harassment.</p>

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