scholarly journals Fostering trustworthy data sharing: Establishing data foundations in practice

Data & Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Stalla-Bourdillon ◽  
Laura Carmichael ◽  
Alexsis Wintour
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Channel Islands ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Good Data ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Data Stewardship ◽  
The Guardian

Abstract Independent data stewardship remains a core component of good data governance practice. Yet, there is a need for more robust independent data stewardship models that are able to oversee data-driven, multi-party data sharing, usage and re-usage, which can better incorporate citizen representation, especially in relation to personal data. We propose that data foundations—inspired by Channel Islands’ foundations laws—provide a workable model for good data governance not only in the Channel Islands, but also elsewhere. A key advantage of this model—in addition to leveraging existing legislation and building on established precedent—is the statutory role of the guardian that is a unique requirement in the Channel Islands, and when interpreted in a data governance model provides the independent data steward. The principal purpose for this paper, therefore, is to demonstrate why data foundations are well suited to the needs of data sharing initiatives. We further examine how data foundations could be established in practice—and provide key design principles that should be used to guide the design and development of any data foundation.

scholarly journals Data Governance in the Dairy Industry

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2981
Author(s):  
Roger Cue ◽  
Mark Doornink ◽  
Regi George ◽  
Benjamin Griffiths ◽  
Matthew W. Jorgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
The Status ◽  
Data Stewardship ◽  
Data Ecosystem ◽  
Diverse Data

Data governance is a growing concern in the dairy farm industry because of the lack of legal regulation. In this commentary paper, we discuss the status quo of the available legislation and codes, as well as some possible solutions. To our knowledge, there are currently four codes of practice that address agriculture data worldwide, and their objectives are similar: (1) raise awareness of diverse data challenges such as data sharing and data privacy, (2) provide data security, and (3) illustrate the importance of the transparency of terms and conditions of data sharing contracts. However, all these codes are voluntary, which limits their adoption. We propose a Farmers Bill of Rights for the dairy data ecosystem to address some key components around data ownership and transparency in data sharing. Our hope is to start the discussion to create a balanced environment to promote equity within the data economy, encourage proper data stewardship, and to foster trust and harmony between the industry companies and the farmers when it comes to sharing data.

scholarly journals An Innovative Mechanism of Blockchain Technology on Joint Governance Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huawei Zhao ◽  
Ruzhi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
And Control ◽  
Security Incidents

Joint prevention and control is a social organization model dealing with the governance of public health and security incidents. The governance modelsshould have the features of multiple subjects co-governing and distributed cooperating. Their purposes are to solve and improve the governance efficiency of dealing with public health and security incidents at the executive level. However, there are still many deficiencies in the current data governance and collaborative governance of joint prevention and control systems, which are mainly reflected in incomplete data collection, unimpeded data sharing, inflexible collaborative cooperation, and inadequate collaborative supervision. Therefore, a new innovative governance model is urgently needed. Blockchain technology is suitable for implementing multi-party data sharing and cooperation, and at the same time, it supports penetrating supervision and management. This paper studies the blockchain model for joint governance of public health and security incidents. It focuses on the multi-agent collaborative prevention and control governance model, which provides a new opportunity for model innovation in data governance and in cooperative governance.

scholarly journals Web 2.0, Prosumption, and Surveillance

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

“Web 2.0” platforms such as YouTube, MySpace, Facebook, Flickr, and Twitter that focus on data sharing, communication, community, and co-production have become very popular. It is therefore important to understand the economic organization of these platforms. The discussion of surveillance in web 2.0 is important because such platforms collect huge amounts of personal data in order to work. In this paper, first the example of Google Buzz is discussed. Then, a model that conceptualizes the cycle of capital accumulation and distinguishes between production and circulation of capital is introduced. The role of surveillance in web 2.0 is outlined based on the cycle of capital accumulation. The notions of the Internet prosumer commodity and web 2.0 surveillance are introduced in order to characterize the relationship of production, consumption, and surveillance on web 2.0.

scholarly journals Public engagement with health data governance: the role of visuality

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Sleigh ◽  
Effy Vayena
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Communicative Practices

AbstractOver the last years, public engagement has become a topic of scholarly and policy debate particularly in biomedicine, a field that increasingly centres around collecting, sharing and analysing personal data. However, the use of big data in biomedicine poses specific challenges related to gaining public support for health data usage in research and clinical settings. The improvement of public engagement practices in health data governance is widely recognised as critical to address this issue. Based on OECD guidance, public engagement serves to enhance transparency and accountability, and enable citizens to actively participate in shaping what affects their lives. For health research initiatives, this provides a way to cultivate cooperation and build public trust. Today, the exact formats of public engagement have evolved to include approaches (such as social media, events and websites) that exploit visualisation mediated by emerging information and communication technologies. Much scholarship acknowledges the advantages of visuality for public engagement, particularly in information-dense and digital contexts. However, little research has examined how health data governance actors utilise visuality to promote clarity, understandability and audience participation. Beyond simply acknowledging the diversity of possible formats, attention must also be paid to visualisations’ rhetorical capacity to convey arguments and ideas and motivate particular audiences in specific situations. This paper seeks to address this gap by analysing both the approaches and methods of argumentation used in two visual public engagement campaigns. Based on Gottweis’ analytical framework of argumentative performativity, this paper explores how two European public engagement facilitators construct contending narratives in efforts to make sense of and grapple with the challenges of health data sharing. Specifically, we analyse how their campaigns employ the three rhetorical elements logos, ethos and pathos, proposed by Gottweis to assess communicative practices, intermediated and embedded in symbolically rich social and cultural contexts. In doing so, we highlight how visual techniques of argumentation seek to bolster engagement but vary with rhetorical purposes, as while one points to health data sharing risks, the other focuses on benefits. Moreover, drawing on digital and visual anthropology, we reflect on how the digitalisation of communicative practices impacts visual power.

De la gestión local a la gobernanza global: actores e interacciones multiniveles en la gestión del agua en la ciudad de México

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-66
Author(s):  
Joyce Valdovinos
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The One

The provision of water services has traditionally been considered a responsibility of the state. During the late 1980s, the private sector emerged as a key actor in the provision of public services. Mexico City was no exception to this trend and public authorities awarded service contracts to four private consortia in 1993. Through consideration of this case study, two main questions arise: First, why do public authorities establish partnerships with the private sector? Second, what are the implications of these partnerships for water governance? This article focuses, on the one hand, on the conceptual debate of water as a public and/or private good, while identifying new trends and strategies carried out by private operators. On the other hand, it analyzes the role of the state and its relationships with other actors through a governance model characterized by partnerships and multilevel networks.Spanish La provisión del servicio del agua ha sido tradicionalmente considerada como una responsabilidad del Estado. A finales de la década de 1980, el sector privado emerge como un actor clave en el suministro de servicios públicos. La ciudad de México no escapa a esta tendencia y en 1993 las autoridades públicas firman contratos de servicios con cuatro consorcios privados. A través de este estudio de caso, dos preguntas son planteadas: ¿Por qué las autoridades públicas establecen partenariados con el sector privado? ¿Cuáles son las implicaciones de dichos partenariados en la gobernanza del agua? Este artículo aborda por una parte, el debate conceptual del agua como bien público y/o privado, identificando nuevas tendencias y estrategias de los operadores privados. Por otra parte, se analizan el rol y las relaciones del Estado con otros actores a través de un modelo de gobernanza, definido en términos de partenariados y redes multi-niveles.French Les services de l'eau ont été traditionnellement considérés comme une responsabilité de l'État. À la fin des années 1980, le secteur privé est apparu comme un acteur clé dans la fourniture de certains services publics. La ville de Mexico n'a pas échappé à cette tendance et en 1993, les autorités publiques ont signé des contrats de services avec quatre consortiums privés. À travers cette étude de cas, nous nous interrogerons sur deux aspects : pourquoi les autorités publiques établissentelles des partenariats avec le secteur privé ? Quelles sont les implications de ces partenariats sur la gouvernance de l'eau ? Cet article s'intéresse, d'une part, au débat conceptuel sur l'eau en tant que bien public et/ou privé, en identifiant les tendances nouvelles et les stratégies menées par les opérateurs privés. D'autre part y sont analysés le rôle de l'État et ses relations avec d'autres acteurs à travers un modèle de gouvernance, défini en termes de partenariats, et des réseaux multi-niveaux.

THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN INTERNET GOVERNANCE. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
N. S. FILATOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
The State ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Governance ◽  
State Management ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Development Goals

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of the Internet governance model with the participation of stakeholders and its impact on business in regions and countries, as well as to the discussion of sustainable development goals related to Internet governance. Examples of how enterprises suffer from state management methods in this area are presented.

The Guardian of the Constitution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Schupmann
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Mass Democracy ◽  
The Guardian

Chapter 5 analyzes Schmitt’s theory of dictatorship. Schmitt’s theory of dictatorship was part of his broader criticism of positivism and its inability to effectively respond to the instabilities mass democracy wrought on the state and constitution. Positive laws, including constitutional amendment procedures, could themselves become threats to the fundamental commitments of public order. The suspension of positive laws might be justified. Schmitt argued dictatorship was a necessary final bulwark against this sort of revolutionary threat. The dictator, as guardian of last resort capable of acting outside positive law, could become necessary for a state to survive internal enemies. Yet, although dictatorship could suspend positive law, Schmitt argued it did not suspend the fundamental public order of the state and constitution—a distinction positivism was unable to recognize. This chapter concludes with an analysis of Schmitt’s discussion of the role of the president as guardian of the constitution.

scholarly journals Killing me Softly? Scrutinising the Role of Soft Law in Greece’s Response to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Evangelia (Lilian) TSOURDI ◽  
Niovi VAVOULA
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Hard Law ◽  
Primary Basis ◽  
Full Swing ◽  
Second Wave

Greece emerged as the EU’s poster child in the fight against COVID-19 during the first few months of the pandemic. In this contribution, we assess Greece’s use of soft regulation in its regulatory response to COVID-19. Using “acts of legislative content”, which can be broadly conceptualised as softly adopted hard law, the Greek government largely achieved flexibility and simplified adoption procedures without having to resort to soft law per se. The role of soft law was limited - it complemented hard law rather than constituting the primary basis of COVID-19 restrictions - but not completely negligible. Soft law instruments regulated the processing of personal data, and was also pivotal in clarifying the criminal sanctioning of COVID-related rule violations. Greece’s success in handling the first wave of the pandemic, while effective, was arguably unfair to asylum seekers who saw their right to apply for asylum curtailed, and their right to freedom of movement restricted when limitations on the rest of the population were lifted. With a second wave of infections currently in full swing, it is imperative to keep scrutinising regulatory responses to ensure that they place the health and dignity of every individual (whoever they might be) at their core and fully respect their fundamental rights.

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