scholarly journals Epidemiologic Features of 135 Patients With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Tianjin, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxia Cao ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Shuyu Liu ◽  
Haojun Fan ◽  
Liangchen Hao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Familial Clustering ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiologic Features

ABSTRACTObjective:This study describes the epidemiologic features of an outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Tianjin caused by a novel coronavirus and provides the scientific basis for prevention and control measures.Methods:Data from COVID-19 cases were collected from daily notifications given to the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China and Tianjin Health Committee. All of the data were analyzed with SPSS, version 24.0 software (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY).Results:As of February 24, 2020, there have been 135 confirmed cases, 3 deaths, and 87 recoveries in Tianjin, China. The incidence of COVID-19 was 8.65/1 000 000 with a 2.22% case fatality rate. Regarding geographic distribution, the incidence was 8.82 per 1 000 000 in urban areas and 8.00 per 1 000 000 in suburbs. During the early stage of the epidemic, most cases came from urban areas and in patients with a history of sojourning in Hubei Province. The majority of patients were 31–70 years old (75.97%). A familial clustering was the most important characteristic of COVID-19 (accounting for 74.81%).Conclusions:Current information suggests that people are generally susceptible to COVID-19, which has shown a familial clustering in Tianjin.

scholarly journals Notes from the Field: Effectiveness of Prevention and Control Measures for Imported COVID-19 in Guangming District of Shenzhen

2020 ◽  
pp. 016327872097183
Author(s):  
Xiaoliang Chen ◽  
Tieqiang Wang ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Yunjie Wu ◽  
Ranran Qie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was present in most provinces of China after January 2020. We implemented a surveillance and screening strategy that included early detection of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and people who were exposed to the disease in Guangming District of Shenzhen. Separate targeted treatment and management strategies were applied to confirmed and suspected cases. From January 23 to March 13, 2020, we found 12 suspected cases, and 11 were confirmed as positive. Although eight of the 11 confirmed cases were family-aggregated, they were all imported cases with common exposure, which did not further cause local community transmission, and no medical staff were infected. After February 14, when the last case was confirmed, there were no newly confirmed cases for 28 consecutive days under the strict outbreak control. The targeted and whole-society involved prevention and control measures prevented the spread of the disease in a very short time and provided a strong guarantee for the orderly recovery of returning to work and social activities.

scholarly journals Development of research on COVID-19 by the World Scientific Community in the first half of 2020

Bionatura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1410-1417
Author(s):  
Daniel Tinôco ◽  
Suzana Borschiver
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
World Scientific ◽  
Case Identification ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

The World Scientific Community has carried out several studies on the novel coronavirus, responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to verify the development level and research evolution on COVID-19, summarizing experts' main trends in the first half of 2020. The most cited articles focused on understanding the disease, addressing aspects of its transmission, viral activity period, symptoms, health complications, risk factors, and the estimate of new cases. These papers also focused on the treatment/prevention and management of COVID-19. Several drugs and alternative treatments have been investigated, such as the convalescent plasma transfusion and stem cell transplantation, while an efficient vaccine is developed. Prevention and control measures, such as social isolation and immediate case identification, were also investigated. Therefore, the main COVID-19 trends were identified and classified in disease, treatment/prevention, and pandemic management, contributing to scientific understanding and future studies.

scholarly journals Nosocomial Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Study of 66 Hospital-acquired Cases in a London Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M Rickman ◽  
Tommy Rampling ◽  
Karen Shaw ◽  
Gema Martinez-Garcia ◽  
Leila Hail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
And Control

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause deadly healthcare-associated outbreaks. In a major London teaching hospital, 66 of 435 (15%) COVID-19 inpatient cases between 2 March and 12 April 2020 were definitely or probably hospital-acquired, through varied transmission routes. The case fatality was 36%. Nosocomial infection rates fell following comprehensive infection prevention and control measures.

scholarly journals Transmission dynamics and control measures of COVID-19 outbreak in China: a modelling study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Sheng Zhang ◽  
Emilia Vynnycky ◽  
Andre Charlett ◽  
Daniela De Angelis ◽  
Zhengji Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Contact Rates ◽  
Multiple Datasets ◽  
Dynamics And Control ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
And Control

AbstractCOVID-19 is reported to have been brought under control in China. To understand the COVID-19 outbreak in China and provide potential lessons for other parts of the world, in this study we apply a mathematical model with multiple datasets to estimate the transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the severity of the illness associated with the infection, and how both were affected by unprecedented control measures. Our analyses show that before 19th January 2020, 3.5% (95% CI 1.7–8.3%) of  infected people were detected; this percentage increased to 36.6% (95% CI 26.1–55.4%) thereafter. The basic reproduction number (R0) was 2.33 (95% CI 1.96–3.69) before 8th February 2020; then the effective reproduction number dropped to 0.04(95% CI 0.01–0.10). This estimation also indicates that control measures taken since 23rd January 2020 affected the transmissibility about 2 weeks after they were introduced. The confirmed case fatality rate is estimated at 9.6% (95% CI 8.1–11.4%) before 15 February 2020, and then it reduced to 0.7% (95% CI 0.4–1.0%). This shows that SARS-CoV-2 virus is highly transmissible but may be less severe than SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. We found that at the early stage, the majority of R0 comes from undetected infectious people. This implies that successful control in China was achieved through reducing the contact rates among people in the general population and increasing the rate of detection and quarantine of the infectious cases.

scholarly journals Experiences and Practices in the Current Prevention and Control of the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen Shao ◽  
Zichen Zhou ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Shuyu Liu ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
International Health ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Type ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Since December 2019, several new infectious diseases, mainly lung diseases caused by novel coronavirus infections, have been discovered in Wuhan, Hubei Province. With the spread of the epidemic, cases in other regions of China and abroad have been confirmed. This sudden outbreak of a new type of infectious disease has seriously threatened people’s health and safety, and China has adopted strong prevention and control measures in response. To provide a reference for international health emergency management workers, this article summarizes, from an academic perspective, the main prevention and control measures taken in China.

scholarly journals The spatial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in China under the prevention and control measures at the early outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianli Liu ◽  
Yuan Zhou ◽  
Chuanyu Ye ◽  
Guangming Zhang ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Reproduction Number ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chinese Mainland ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was firstly reported in Wuhan City, China in December 2019, Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that is caused by SARS-CoV-2 is predominantly spread from person-to-person on worldwide scales. Now, COVID-19 is a non-traditional and major public health issue the world is facing, and the outbreak is a global pandemic. The strict prevention and control measures have mitigated the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and shown positive changes with important progress in China. But prevention and control tasks remain arduous for the world. The objective of this study is to discuss the difference of spatial transmission characteristics of COVID-19 in China at the early outbreak stage with resolute efforts. Simultaneously, the COVID-19 trend of China at the early time was described from the statistical perspective using a mathematical model to evaluate the effectiveness of the prevention and control measures. Methods In this study, the accumulated number of confirmed cases publicly reported by the National Health Committee of the People’s Republic of China (CNHC) from January 20 to February 11, 2020, were grouped into three partly overlapping regions: Chinese mainland including Hubei province, Hubei province alone, and the other 30 provincial-level regions on Chinese mainland excluding Hubei province, respectively. A generalized-growth model (GGM) was used to estimate the basic reproduction number to evaluate the transmissibility in different spatial locations. The prevention and control of COVID-19 in the early stage were analyzed based on the number of new cases of confirmed infections daily reported. Results Results indicated that the accumulated number of confirmed cases reported from January 20 to February 11, 2020, is well described by the GGM model with a larger correlation coefficient than 0.99. When the accumulated number of confirmed cases is well fitted by an exponential function, the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 of the 31 provincial-level regions on the Chinese mainland, Hubei province, and the other 30 provincial-level regions on the Chinese mainland excluding Hubei province, is 2.68, 6.46 and 2.18, respectively. The consecutive decline of the new confirmed cases indicated that the prevention and control measures taken by the Chinese government have contained the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in a short period. Conclusions The estimated basic reproduction number thorough GGM model can reflect the spatial difference of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in China at the early stage. The strict prevention and control measures of SARS-CoV-2 taken at the early outbreak can effectively reduce the new confirmed cases outside Hubei and have mitigated the spread and yielded positive results since February 2, 2020. The research results indicated that the outbreak of COVID-19 in China was sustaining localized at the early outbreak stage and has been gradually curbed by China’s resolute efforts.

scholarly journals The first community outbreak of COVID-19 in Viet Nam: description and lessons learned

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Duong Nhu Tran ◽  
Quynh Mai Thi Le ◽  
Hien Tran Nguyen ◽  
Nghia Duy Ngu ◽  
Khoa Trong Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions ◽  
And Control

Objective: At the time of this study, the prevention of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) relied solely on nonpharmaceutical interventions. Implementation of these interventions is not always optimal and, consequently, several cases were imported into non-epidemic areas and led to large community outbreaks. This report describes the characteristics of the first community outbreak of COVID-19 in Viet Nam and the intensive preventive measures taken in response. Methods: Cases were detected and tested for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Contact tracing and active surveillance were conducted to identify suspected cases and individuals at risk. Clinical symptoms were recorded using a standardized questionnaire. Results: In Vinh Phuc province from 20 January to 3 March 2020, there were 11 confirmed cases among 158 suspected cases and 663 contacts. Nine of the confirmed cases (81.8%) had mild symptoms at the time of detection and two (18.2%) were asymptomatic; none required admission to an intensive care unit. Five prevention and control measures were implemented, including quarantining a community of 10 645 individuals for 20 days. The outbreak was successfully contained as of 13 February 2020. Discussion: In the absence of specific interventions, the intensive use of combined preventive measures can mitigate the spread of COVID-19. The lessons learned may be useful for other communities.

scholarly journals Transmission dynamics and control measures of COVID-19 outbreak in China: a modelling study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
XuSheng Zhang ◽  
Emilia Vynnycky ◽  
Andre Charlett ◽  
Daniela de Angelis ◽  
Zhengji Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Contact Rates ◽  
Multiple Datasets ◽  
Dynamics And Control ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
General Populations ◽  
And Control

COVID-19 is reported to have been effectively brought under control in China at its initial start place. To understand the COVID-19 outbreak in China and provide potential lessons for other parts of the world, in this study we combine a mathematical modelling with multiple datasets to estimate its transmissibility and severity and how it was affected by the unprecedented control measures. Our analyses show that before 29th January 2020, the ascertainment rate is 6.9%(95%CI: 3.5 − 14.6%); then it increased to 41.5%(95%CI: 30.6 − 65.1%). The basic reproduction number (R0) was 2.23(95%CI: 1.86 − 3.22) before 8th February 2020; then it dropped to 0.04(95%CI: 0.01 − 0.10). This estimation also indicates that the effect on transmissibility of control measures taken since 23rd January 2020 emerged about two weeks late. The confirmed case fatality rate is estimated at 4.41%(95%CI: 3.65 − 5.30%). This shows that SARS-CoV-2 virus is highly transmissible but less severe than SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. We found that at the early stage, the majority of R0 comes from the undetected infected people. This implies that the successful control in China was achieved through decreasing the contact rates among people in general populations and increasing the rate of detection and quarantine of the infected cases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the awareness level of Healthcare workers toward NCOVID-2019 in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Imdad ◽  
Uzair Abbas ◽  
Ambrina Qureshi ◽  
Sehrish Mohsin ◽  
Amna Shireen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Awareness Level

AbstractBackgroundNovel Coronavirus infection disease 2019 (NCOVID-19), caused by the corona virus, was first spotted in Wuhan, city of China, December 2019. The NCOVID-19 virus is spread among individuals through close communication in the form of droplets, not via airborne. Those individuals are at risk of infection who are in close contact with a NCOVID-19 patient or who take care of NCOVID-19 patients. Infection prevention and control measures are critical to prevent the possible spread of any infection in healthcare facilities. Therefore, healthcare workers should be aware of basic knowledge and all procedures concerning prevention and protection from NCOVID-19.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the awareness level of healthcare workers toward NCOVID-2019 in Pakistan.Material and MethodsA questionnaire was generated according to WHO information that was circulated among the healthcare workers of different hospitals and medical institutes of Pakistan. Calculated sample size was 650.ConclusionHealthcare workers have insufficient knowledge of preventive measures and infection control. The authorities must take initiatives on urgent basis to increase the awareness among the healthcare workers and general public also so that the drastic circumstances can be avoided in the developing country like Pakistan.

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