scholarly journals A systematic review of protocol studies on conceptual design cognition: Design as search and exploration

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hay ◽  
Alex H. B. Duffy ◽  
Chris McTeague ◽  
Laura M. Pidgeon ◽  
Tijana Vuletic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Design Engineering ◽  
Design Cognition ◽  
Problem Structuring

This paper reports findings from the first systematic review of protocol studies focusing specifically on conceptual design cognition, aiming to answer the following research question: What is our current understanding of the cognitive processes involved in conceptual design tasks carried out by individual designers? We reviewed 47 studies on architectural design, engineering design and product design engineering. This paper reports 24 cognitive processes investigated in a subset of 33 studies aligning with two viewpoints on the nature of designing: (V1) design as search (10 processes, 41.7%); and (V2) design as exploration (14 processes, 58.3%). Studies on search focused on solution search and problem structuring, involving: long-term memory retrieval; working memory; operators and reasoning processes. Studies on exploration investigated: co-evolutionary design; visual reasoning; cognitive actions; and unexpected discovery and situated requirements invention. Overall, considerable conceptual and terminological differences were observed among the studies. Nonetheless, a common focus on memory, semantic, associative, visual perceptual and mental imagery processes was observed to an extent. We suggest three challenges for future research to advance the field: (i) developing general models/theories; (ii) testing protocol study findings using objective methods conducive to larger samples and (iii) developing a shared ontology of cognitive processes in design.

scholarly journals Towards a shared ontology: A generic classification of cognitive processes in conceptual design

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hay ◽  
Alex H. B. Duffy ◽  
Chris McTeague ◽  
Laura M. Pidgeon ◽  
Tijana Vuletic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Design Cognition ◽  
Design Activities

Towards addressing ontological issues in design cognition research, this paper presents the first generic classification of cognitive processes investigated in protocol studies on conceptual design cognition. The classification is based on a systematic review of 47 studies published over the past 30 years. Three viewpoints on the nature of design cognition are outlined (search, exploration and design activities), highlighting considerable differences in the concepts and terminology applied to describe cognition. To provide a more unified view of the cognitive processes fundamentally under study, we map specific descriptions of cognitive processes provided in protocol studies to more generic, established definitions in the cognitive psychology literature. This reveals a set of 6 categories of cognitive process that appear to be commonly studied and are therefore likely to be prevalent in conceptual design: (1) long-term memory; (2) semantic processing; (3) visual perception; (4) mental imagery processing; (5) creative output production and (6) executive functions. The categories and their constituent processes are formalised in the generic classification. The classification provides the basis for a generic, shared ontology of cognitive processes in design that is conceptually and terminologically consistent with the ontology of cognitive psychology and neuroscience. In addition, the work highlights 6 key avenues for future empirical research: (1) the role of episodic and semantic memory; (2) consistent definitions of semantic processes; (3) the role of sketching from alternative theoretical perspectives on perception and mental imagery; (4) the role of working memory; (5) the meaning and nature of synthesis and (6) unidentified cognitive processes implicated in conceptual design elsewhere in the literature.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Protocol Studies on Conceptual Design Cognition

2017 ◽  
pp. 135-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hay ◽  
Chris McTeague ◽  
Alex H. B. Duffy ◽  
Laura M. Pidgeon ◽  
Tijana Vuletic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Cognition

scholarly journals Engaging Knowledge Users with Mental Health Experience in a Mixed-Methods Systematic Review of Post-secondary Students with Psychosis: Reflections and Lessons Learned from a Master’s Thesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Sanderson ◽  
Amanda Vandyk ◽  
Jean Daniel Jacob ◽  
Ian D. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advisory Panel ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Master's Thesis

Engaging knowledge users (KUs) as research team members throughout the research process helps generate relevant knowledge and may improve uptake of research results. The purpose of this article is to describe how an integrated knowledge translation (iKT) approach was embedded within a master’s thesis project comprising a mixed-methods systematic review. KUs were engaged in four distinct phases of the systematic review process, including (1) proposal development; (2) development of the research question and approach; (3) creation of an advisory panel; and (4) an end of study meeting to interpret findings and plan dissemination of findings. The extent of each KU’s engagement on the research team fluctuated during the study. Challenges included maintaining the same KUs throughout the project and maintaining the scope of the project to align with a master’s thesis. Our suggestions for optimizing graduate student iKT projects include having regular team meetings and periodically checking in with team members to encourage reflection on overall engagement and progress of the project. Overall, KUs helped create a research project designed to address their needs and provided input on how results might translate into implications for clinical practice, education, academic policy, and future research within their respective contexts.

How Design Can Impact the Performance of a Healthcare Application, Affect Users’ Decisions and Contribute to Patient’s Well-Being: A Scoping Review Protocol.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose George Dias de Souza ◽  
Frederico M. Bublitz ◽  
Daniel Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Digital Library ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Health Applications

Abstract Background: Pregnancy is an important phase in a woman's life, the gestational period however is accompanied by fears and apprehension, especially for women who are experiencing this phase for the first time. Prenatal care is essential to prevent diseases and reduce risk for pregnant women, thus enabling healthy development for the baby. Nowadays many women find it difficult to make an adequate prenatal care, for the most varied reasons. Taking into account that the world is increasingly connected to the internet, it is important to understand, analyzing a set of health applications, which are the best decisions from the design point of view, usability to become a useful application for pregnant women, another relevant point is to understand how the architecture of these solutions were designed to be scalable. Thus, a well-defined systematic review is needed to identify the impacts of architectural, design and performance decisions on health applications, reducing risks and minimizing human errors.Methods/Design: This study will follow a well-defined methodological structure. The methodology is separated into the following sections: Research question identification; Extraction of relevant studies; Selection criteria; Charting the data; Collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. The research question aims to analyze the approaches used to build health applications aiming at design decisions, architecture and the impacts that are generated for the end user. The researchers will use the following electronic databases for data extraction: PubMed (Medline); IEEE Xplore Digital Library; ACM Digital Library; Web of Science; and Scopus Document Search. The search for research will consist of a set of terms and keywords.Discussion: This work has the interest of presenting a model, a standard, a guide for creating a health software interface, always aiming at the quality of the interface, the user experience and the possible gain with the performance of the application, considering that users will have more security to make decisions.Systematic review registration: Submitted on October 11, 2020 Open Science Framework.

scholarly journals WHICH DESIGN METHODOLOGIES ARE EFFECTIVE TO SUPPORT A CAPSTONE PROJECT IN AEROSPACE DESIGN ENGINEERING?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Gutierrez ◽  
Lixin Liu ◽  
Dalvir Singh ◽  
Catharine Marsden ◽  
Yong Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design Engineering ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Design Methodologies ◽  
Capstone Project ◽  
Industry Needs

 Abstract – Considering the challenges in the aerospace industry, the NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada) Chair in Aerospace Design Engineering (NCADE) has launched its own version of a final year undergraduate engineering capstone project at Concordia University. NCADE’s objective is to expose students to the immense complexity of an aircraft design, thereby better meeting the industry needs of newly graduated students. Four design methodologies (i.e., systems engineering – SE, quality function deployment – QFD, theory of inventive problem solving – TRIZ, and environment-based design – EBD) were evaluated in the context of the NCADE project to answer the research question such as "to what extent do these methodologies provide effective support across the activities in the capstone project?" The evaluation was subjective discussing whether the design methodologies support the activities in the project. From the evaluation, it can be concluded that the studied design methodologies perform poorly to support the activities in the capstone project. Therefore, future research should investigate a better support for the capstone project to achieve NCADE’s goals.

scholarly journals A systematic review of circular economy research in the construction industry

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluyomi A. Osobajo ◽  
Adekunle Oke ◽  
Temitope Omotayo ◽  
Lovelin Ifeoma Obi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Research Directions

PurposeWhile circular economy (CE) is fast becoming a political and economic agenda for global urban development, there are still substantial knowledge gaps in possible strategies to speed up such transition, especially in the construction industry. This study analyses literature surrounding CE to unpack current trends possible future research directions to foster CE implementation in the construction industry.Design/methodology/approachThe study undertakes a systematic review of CE literature published between 1990 and 2019. It adopts a five-stage procedure as a methodological approach for the review: formulation of the research question(s), locating and identifying relevant studies, selection and evaluation of studies, analysis or synthesis and results reporting.FindingsThe findings on CE research in the construction industry show extensive focus on resource use and waste management. There are limited investigations in other areas of construction such as supply chain integration, building designs, policy, energy efficiency, land use, offsite manufacturing, whole life costing, and risk, cost reduction, cost management, health and safety management. The study findings provide evidence that current CE practice fails to incorporate other areas that would facilitate the network of true circular construction industry.Originality/valueThis research provides a comprehensive overview of research efforts on CE in the construction context, identifying areas of extensive and limited coverage over three decades. Besides, it identifies possible pathways for future research directions on CE implementation, towards the accelerated transition to a true circular construction industry for the benefit of funding bodies and researchers.

The growing complexity of customer engagement: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa Rosado-Pinto ◽  
Sandra Maria Correia Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Customer Engagement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multidimensional Concept

PurposeThe topic of customer engagement has been growing in relevance and complexity in the last decade. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to systematically review and critically analyse the research about customer engagement and address the research question: “What marketing research has been conducted on customer engagement until now and what could be future avenues for research?”Design/methodology/approachA systematic review of the existing literature is performed based on the Web of Science and Scopus electronic databases. A total of 144 articles are included in the final analysis.FindingsCustomer engagement is perceived as a multidimensional concept with different definitions and sub-forms associated. There is an increasing number of authors studying the concept in different industries and geographies, with empirical studies being widely used. The concept emerges from specific theoretical pillars. Different constructs are associated with customer engagement, being studied as antecedents and/or outcomes. This study presents 8 major paths for future research.Research limitations/implicationsThis type of approach has a certain level of subjectivity, associated to the methodological process for choosing the articles to be included in the final analysis and the applied filters.Originality/valueThrough this study, readers become aware of the state of the art on customer engagement and associated constructs, the gaps found in past research, the research contexts and also have a glimpse about what can be the future of this field of research, as well as research questions to be addressed.

Mortality benefit of crystalloids administered in 1–6 hours in septic adults in the ED systematic review with narrative synthesis

2021 ◽  
pp. emermed-2020-210298
Author(s):  
Gabor Zoltan Xantus ◽  
Penny Allen ◽  
Sharon Norman ◽  
Peter Laszlo Kanizsai
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Bolus Infusion ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Clinical Benefits

BackgroundBased on the 2018 update of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, the Committee for Quality Improvement of the NHSs of England recommended the instigation of the elements of the ‘Sepsis-6 bundle’ within 1 hour to adult patients screened positive for sepsis. This bundle includes a bolus infusion of 30 mL/kg crystalloids in the ED. Besides the UK, both in the USA and Australia, compliance with similar 1-hour targets became an important quality indicator. However, the supporting evidence may neither be contemporaneous nor necessarily valid for emergency medicine settings.MethodA systematic review was designed and registered at PROSPERO to assess available emergency medicine/prehospital evidence published between 2012 and 2020, investigating the clinical benefits associated with a bolus infusion of a minimum 30 mL/kg crystalloids within 1 hour to adult patients screened positive for sepsis. Due to the small number of papers that addressed this volume of fluids in 1 hour, we expanded the search to include studies looking at 1–6 hours.ResultsSeven full-text articles were identified, which investigated various aspects of the fluid resuscitation in adult sepsis. However, none answered completely to the original research question aimed to determine either the effect of time-to-crystalloids or the optimal fluid volume of resuscitation. Our findings demonstrated that in the USA/UK/Australia/Canada, adult ED septic patients receive 23–43 mL/kg of crystalloids during the first 6 hours of resuscitation without significant differences either in mortality or in adverse effects.ConclusionThis systematic review did not find high-quality evidence supporting the administration of 30 mL/kg crystalloid bolus to adult septic patients within 1 hour of presentation in the ED. Future research must investigate both the benefits and the potential harms of the recommended intervention.

scholarly journals Refugees or Immigrants – How Does it Matter for Entrepreneurship? Systematic Review of Refugee Entrepreneurship Literature Inspired by the Immigrant Entrepreneurship Research

2019 ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Nina Łazarczyk-Bilal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurship ◽  
Labor Market Integration ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Experience

This literature review answers the research question of how being a refugee or an immigrant affects entrepreneurial experience. It aims to examine the differences between refugees and immigrants in the light of immigrant entrepreneurship literature and emerging refugee entrepreneurship research. The analysis of the selected 41 peer reviewed papers within the framework of the eight dominant theories in immigrant entrepreneurship literature, including the field pertaining to refugees, implies that being a refugee has a rather negative impact on the entrepreneurial experience as compared to being an immigrant. Nonetheless, the literature on refugee entrepreneurship or their general labor market integration is rather scarce in number of applied theories and conducted studies in comparison to the immigrant entrepreneurship area and leaves vast room for future research.

Telepractice for Adult Speech-Language Pathology Services: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 326-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Weidner ◽  
Joneen Lowman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Service Delivery Model ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Screening Assessment

Purpose We conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding adult telepractice services (screening, assessment, and treatment) from approximately 2014 to 2019. Method Thirty-one relevant studies were identified from a literature search, assessed for quality, and reported. Results Included studies illustrated feasibility, efficacy, diagnostic accuracy, and noninferiority of various speech-language pathology services across adult populations, including chronic aphasia, Parkinson's disease, dysphagia, and primary progressive aphasia. Technical aspects of the equipment and software used to deliver services were discussed. Some general themes were noted as areas for future research. Conclusion Overall, results of the review continue to support the use of telepractice as an appropriate service delivery model in speech-language pathology for adults. Strong research designs, including experimental control, across multiple well-described settings are still needed to definitively determine effectiveness of telepractice services.

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