entrepreneurial experience
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2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 474-480
Author(s):  
Efa Wahyu Prastyaningtyas ◽  
Widi Wulansari

This study objective is to determine the application of Project Based Learning in entrepreneurship subjects for students of the Elementary School Study Program, Universitas Nusantara PGRI of Kediri. This study used a quasi-experimental design with Posttest-Only Design with None equivalent Group. The population were 8 classes and simple random sampling technique was used to take the sample. Then, divide the sample into two categorized as students who already have a business and students who do not have one. In conclusion, the average score of students who have entrepreneurial experience is higher; it was 89.62 than the average score of students who do not have entrepreneurial experience with a score of 88.44 in PjBL-based Entrepreneurship learning. Thus, it can be interpreted that the implementation of PjBL-Based Entrepreneurship (Problem Based Learning) subjects for students who have entrepreneurial experience gives positive and significant results. Keywords: Entrepreneurship subject, Project based learning, Pandemic.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heqi Jia ◽  
Zhengda Xu ◽  
Song Lin ◽  
Feng Jiang

Abstract Background Nowadays, more and more women are engaging in entrepreneurial activities. Meanwhile, female entrepreneurs’ health problems have been increasingly reported worldwide. What factors would influence female entrepreneurs’ health are the subject of this paper. Methods This paper focuses on the effects of entrepreneurial experience and age of firm on female entrepreneurs’ health through the analysis of 2 years of tracking data in the Bohai Economic Rim, which is one of the most developed areas for entrepreneurial activities in China. Results Results from the samples of female entrepreneurs demonstrate that increasing entrepreneurial experience and growing firm age could help female entrepreneurs to activate multiple positive identities. These identities can help female entrepreneurs cope with gender stereotype threat and maintain good health. Conclusion This paper contributes to entrepreneur health research in two aspects. First, this study focused on entrepreneurial history indexed by entrepreneurial experience and firm age, enriching the field of female entrepreneurship. Second, this study further explored the mechanism that women cope with stereotype threat in the context of entrepreneurship. At the same time, this paper addresses ways that policy-makers and social media are responsible to help female entrepreneurs stay healthy.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Rienke Van Ewijk ◽  
Ghulam Nabi ◽  
Wiebke Weber

PurposeBuilding on authoritative studies on inspiration in the field of psychology (e.g. Thrash and Elliot, 2013, 2014), this study aims to clarify how entrepreneurial inspiration – an emotional state of personal attraction toward entrepreneurship – is created and how it affects entrepreneurial intentions. First, receptiveness to inspiration is introduced as a potential entrepreneurial feeling trait that constitutes a universal enabler of entrepreneurial inspiration alongside typically idiosyncratic inspirational triggers. Second, this study proposes to reinforce the theoretical base of the relation between entrepreneurial inspiration and entrepreneurial intentions by applying the affect infusion model (AIM) and empirically testing its explanatory power.Design/methodology/approachHypotheses are tested through independent and dependent sample t-tests and hierarchical regression analyses with an interaction effect. Data originate from a pre-post course survey among 342 entrepreneurship students from various countries and institutions.FindingsThe results confirm a positive relation between receptiveness to inspiration and entrepreneurial inspiration. Receptiveness to inspiration precedes and increases with entrepreneurial experience, suggesting that it can be both inborn and cultivated. In line with the AIM, entrepreneurial inspiration stimulates only the entrepreneurial aspirations of participants without entrepreneurial experience. Experienced individuals, on the other hand, derived more entrepreneurial inspiration from their courses, but this was not translated to higher entrepreneurial intentions. Instead, they could benefit from this inspiration in other ways proposed in the literature, such as enhanced opportunity recognition.Originality/valueThis study provides much needed, theory-informed, insight into the formation of entrepreneurial inspiration. Furthermore, it is the first research to propose and test a specific theoretical underpinning of the relation between entrepreneurial inspiration and entrepreneurial intentions, which also accounts for the moderating role of entrepreneurial experience. Finally, the rare multi-country, multi-institution nature of the sample reinforces the external validity of the findings.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangshui Ma ◽  
Shuxing Chen ◽  
Yenchun Jim Wu ◽  
Min Shu

The question of why entrepreneurs undertake business planning activities differently, ranging from planning “in the head” to generating formal written documents, is still impenetrable. Aggregating data on 11,064 observations from 32 independent data set, this study meta-analyzed how business experience and gender influence entrepreneurs' disposition to business planning behaviors. Surprisingly, contradictory to some extant views that entrepreneurs without prior experience are more likely to make business plans, we found that both managerial experience and entrepreneurial experience positively influence entrepreneurs' subsequent business planning behaviors. Drawing insight from the effectuation and institutional perspectives, this study showed that, rather than entrepreneurial experience, managerial experience motivates entrepreneurs to generate formal business plans. For entrepreneurs who create formal business plans, both entrepreneurial experience and managerial experience enhance their business planning sophistication. In addition, we examined the moderating effects of gender on the relationship between business experience and business planning. The results suggested that female entrepreneurs with entrepreneurial experience are more likely to undertake business planning behaviors and create formal business plans than their male counterparts.


Author(s):  
Fei Qin ◽  
Tomasz Mickiewicz ◽  
Saul Estrin

Abstract Conceptualising early-stage new venture informal investors as co-entrepreneurs whose actions are socially embedded, we examine the role of social influence and how it interplays with entrepreneurial experience at the individual level leading to informal investment. We extend theories of social homophily and social influence to argue that informal investment decisions are influenced by shared experience and entrepreneurism in peer groups. We test our hypotheses with a multi-level model using first a large cross-country dataset and next in depth within a country. Our analysis reveals that both individual entrepreneurship experience and peer group-embedded experience significantly influence the likelihood that an individual becomes an early-stage investor. Furthermore, these social effects substitute for the lack of individual entrepreneurial experience.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 11971
Author(s):  
Jacob Waddingham ◽  
Miles A. Zachary ◽  
Harvell Jackson Walker

Author(s):  
Shatilova O.S.

Purpose. The goal of the article is to identify the psychological factors of career development in the shadow economy of Ukraine. For this purpose, the attitudes of students of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics (KNUTE) to the problem of fictitious entrepreneurship and tax evasion were studied.Methods. We conducted two experiments with KNUTE students using imaginary situations. In general, the imaginary situation was about a delinquent entrepreneur who sells goods. The entrepreneur exceeds the annual income and therefore opens a sales outlet for a fictitious person to avoid paying taxes. There were nine imaginary situations in total: a delinquent entrepreneur (zero framing), as well as other delinquent entrepreneurs such as a mother of three children, a father of three children, a foreigner, a student, a KNUTE student, a foreign student, a graduate, a KNUTE graduate. The first experiment was aimed at determining the willingness to punish or not punish the delinquent entrepreneur for tax evasion.The second experiment was carried out simultaneously on a different sample, and there were seven imaginary situations: a delinquent entrepreneur (zero framing) as well as other delinquent entrepreneurs including a mother of three children, a father of three children, a foreigner, a student, a KNUTE student, and a foreign student. In addition to framing with a delinquent entrepreneur, three perspectives were analyzed: neutral perspective, first perspective, third perspective (tax officer). Each student received one imaginary situation and three perspectives to it, which influenced the decision about a delinquent entrepreneur. The second experiment was aimed at determining the willingness to punish or not punish the delinquent entrepreneur for tax evasion as moderated by neutral, first, and third perspectives.Experiments were conducted online at SurveyMonkey at the end of 2019. Participation was anonymous, voluntary, and free of charge. For statistical data processing, we used the Mann-Whitney test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Friedman test.Results. The following facts were revealed: 1) Regardless of imaginary situations, students with business experience are less likely to punish delinquent entrepreneurs for tax evasion than students without such experience. We believe that this is related to profit motivation; 2) regardless of imaginary situations, law students are more likely to punish delinquent entrepreneurs for tax evasion than trade students as well as non-trade and non-law students. We believe that this is related to legal awareness of KNUTE law students; 3) non-trade and non-law students are more likely to punish a delinquent foreign entrepreneur than a delinquent entrepreneur who is a mother of three children in an imaginary situation of tax evasion. The result may be explained by empathy towards the entrepreneur-mother of three children. Furthermore, law students did not show empathy for the entrepreneur-mother of three children. This is associated with legal awareness; 4) the effect of neutral, first, and third perspectives moderate the decision to punish or not punish a delinquent entrepreneur in an imaginary situation of tax evasion.Findings. Upon summarizing the results, we found that the acquisition of entrepreneurial experience and the manifestation of empathy are likely factors underlying a tolerant attitude towards tax evasion. Legal awareness is an opposite factor. Changing the perspective is a frame that adapts to any audience and can potentially be used to change different career decisions.Key words: career, imaginary situation, shadow economy, taxes, framing, entrepreneurial experience, empathy, legal awareness. Мета статті полягає у виявленні психологічних чинників розбудови кар’єри в секторі тіньової еко-номіки України. Для цього вивчалося вставлення студентів Київського національного торговельно-економічного університету (КНТЕУ) до проблеми фіктивного підприємництва та несплати податків.Методи. Ставлення студентів до проблеми фіктивного підприємництва та несплати податків вивчалося експериментально за допомогою уявних ситуацій. У першому експерименті кожен студент отримав одну уявну ситуацію, яка стосувалася фізичної особи – підприємця, що здійснює продаж товарів, перевищує річний обсяг доходу і для уникнення сплати податків відкриває точку продажу на підставну особу. Усього було дев’ять уявних ситуацій із порушниками: з фізичною особою – підприємцем (нульовий фреймінг), матір’ю трьох дітей, батьком трьох дітей, іноземцем, студентом, студентом КНТЕУ, студентом-іноземцем, випускником, випускником КНТЕУ. Дослі-дження спрямовувалося на визначення готовності карати/не карати підприємця-порушника за ухиляння від сплати податків.У другому експерименті, який проводився синхронно на іншій вибірці, було сім уявних ситуацій: про фізичну особу – підприємця (нульовий фреймінг), матір трьох дітей, батька трьох дітей, іноземця, студента, студента КНТЕУ, студента-іноземця. Окрім фреймінгу з фізичною особою – підприємцем змінювалася також атрибуція актора: невизначена атрибуція, перша особа, третя особа (працівник податкової служби). Кожен студент отримав одну уявну ситуацію з трьома атрибуціями. Дослідження спрямовувалося на визначення готовності карати/не карати підприємця-порушника залежно від зміни атрибуції актора.Експерименти проводилися онлайн на SurveyMonkey в кінці 2019 р. Участь була анонімною, добро-вільною, безоплатною. Для статистичної обробки даних використовувалися тести Манна-Вітні, Кра-скала-Воліса, Фрідмана.Результати. Були виявлені такі факти: 1) Незалежно від подання уявних ситуацій студенти з досвідом підприємницької діяльності менш схильні карати підприємців-порушників за несплату податків, аніж студенти, що не мають такого досвіду. Уважаємо, це пояснюється мотивом збіль-шення прибутків; 2) незалежно від подання уявних ситуацій студенти правничих спеціальностей більш схильні карати підприємців-порушників за несплату податків, аніж студенти торговельного спрямування та студенти інших, не пов’язаних із торгівлею і правом спеціальностей. Уважаємо, результат пояснюється правосвідомістю студентів правничих спеціальностей КНТЕУ; 3) студенти неторговельних, неправничих спеціальностей більш схильні карати підприємця-іноземця, ніж під-приємця – матір трьох дітей в уявній ситуації приховування податків та відкриття фіктивної точки продажу. На нашу думку, результат пояснюється емпатією до підприємця – матері трьох дітей. Разом із тим студенти правничих спеціальностей не проявили емпатії до підприємця – матері трьох дітей; 4) також була підтверджена гіпотеза, що атрибуція актора модерує рішення карати/не карати підприємця-порушника в уявній ситуації відкриття ним точки продажу на підставну особу для уникнення сплати податків.Висновки. Узагальнюючи результати, виявлено, що, ймовірно, набуття підприємницького досвіду та прояв емпатії виступають чинниками формування толерантного ставлення до несплати податків, а правосвідомість є чинником протидії. Зміна ж атрибуції актора є фреймом, що адаптується до будь-якої аудиторії та потенційно може використовуватися для зміни кар’єрних рішень.Ключові слова: кар’єра, уявна ситуація, тіньова економіка, податки, фреймінг, підприємницький досвід, емпатія, правосвідомість.


Author(s):  
Yuji Honjo ◽  
Kenta Ikeuchi ◽  
Hiroki Nakamura

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between entrepreneurial experience and subjective well-being. Using an original survey on subjective well-being, entrepreneurial experience, level of wealth (inferred from observed variables of income, cash, and assets), and personal attributes of 10,001 individuals in Japan, we examine the factors that mediate the association between entrepreneurial experience and subjective well-being. We measure entrepreneurial experience as an individual’s experience in funding, owning, and running a corporation. We consider the mediating effect of the level of wealth on subjective well-being because entrepreneurial well-being is associate with wealth derived from income, cash, and assets. Our results provide no significant evidence that individuals with entrepreneurial experience have higher subjective well-being. However, we find a positive indirect effect of entrepreneurial experience on subjective well-being through wealth and a negative indirect effect through debt. The findings of this study indicate the importance of considering the mediating effect of financial motives in entrepreneurial well-being.


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