scholarly journals A method for robust design in a coupled decision environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gehendra Sharma ◽  
Janet K. Allen ◽  
Farrokh Mistree
Keyword(s):  
Robust Design ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Robust Decisions ◽  
Decision Environment ◽  
Function Relationship ◽  
Noise Factors ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The design of a connected engineered system requires numerous design decisions that influence one another. In a connected system that comprises numerous interacting decisions involving concurrency and hierarchy, accounting for interactions while also managing uncertainties, it is imperative to make robust decisions. In this article, we present a method for robust design using coupled decisions to identify design decisions that are relatively insensitive to uncertainties. To account for the influence among decisions, design decisions are modelled as coupled decisions. They are defined using three criteria: the types of decisions, the strength of interactions and the decision levels. In order to make robust decisions, robust design methods are classified based on sources of uncertainty, namely, Type I (noise factors), Type II (design variables) and Type III (function relationship between design variables and responses). The design of a one-stage reduction gearbox is used as a demonstration example. To illustrate the proposed method for robust design using coupled decisions, we present the simultaneous selection of gear material and gearbox geometry in a coupled decision environment while managing the uncertainties involved in designing gearboxes.

A Procedure for Robust Design: Minimizing Variations Caused by Noise Factors and Control Factors

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
J. K. Allen ◽  
Kwok-Leung Tsui ◽  
F. Mistree
Keyword(s):  
Robust Design ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Closed Form Solutions ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
And Control ◽  
Noise Factors

In this paper, we introduce a small variation to current approaches broadly called Taguchi Robust Design Methods. In these methods, there are two broad categories of problems associated with simultaneously minimizing performance variations and bringing the mean on target, namely, Type I—minimizing variations in performance caused by variations in noise factors (uncontrollable parameters). Type II—minimizing variations in performance caused by variations in control factors (design variables). In this paper, we introduce a variation to the existing approaches to solve both types of problems. This variation embodies the integration of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the compromise Decision Support Problem (DSP). Our approach is especially useful for design problems where there are no closed-form solutions and system performance is computationally expensive to evaluate. The design of a solar powered irrigation system is used as an example.

Robust Design for Multiscale and Multidisciplinary Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 832-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet K. Allen ◽  
Carolyn Seepersad ◽  
HaeJin Choi ◽  
Farrokh Mistree
Keyword(s):  
Robust Design ◽  
Type I ◽  
Uncertain Information ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Multiscale Systems ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
Noise Factors

The intent in robust design is to improve the quality of products and processes by reducing their sensitivity to variations, thereby reducing the effects of variability without removing its sources. Robust design is especially useful for integrating information from designers working at multiple length and time scales. Inevitably this involves the integration of uncertain information. This uncertainty is derived from many sources and robust design may be classified based on these sources—uncertainty in noise or environmental and other noise factors (type I); uncertainty in design variables or control factors (type II); and uncertainty introduce by modeling methods (type III). Each of these types of uncertainty can be mitigated by robust design. Of particular interest are the challenges associated with the design of multidisciplinary and multiscale systems; these challenges and opportunities are examined in the context of materials design.

Robust Design of Coupled Engineered Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gehendra Sharma ◽  
Janet K. Allen ◽  
Farrokh Mistree
Keyword(s):  
Robust Design ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Robust Solution ◽  
Vertical Coupling ◽  
Strength Of Interaction ◽  
Robust Decisions ◽  
Engineered Systems

Abstract Coupled Engineered Systems can be characterized by the inherent interactions among design decisions. These interactions define the influence that one design decision exerts over another and require appropriate method to model such interactions. Robust design enables designers to design a product or process that is relatively insensitive to uncertainties. Hence, robust design of coupled engineered systems enables designers to, (i) design engineered systems while accounting for interaction among design decisions and (ii) identifying design decisions that are relatively insensitive to uncertainties. In this paper, an appropriate method to model interactions and identify robust solution is presented. The interacting decisions are categorized into concurrent and hierarchical decisions and are respectively modeled with horizontal and vertical coupling. Based on the strength of interaction between these decisions, two types of interactions are defined, weak and strong interactions. To enable robust decisions in a coupled engineered systems, robustness metrics are defined and included as goals/constraints. The metrics considered in this work are to explore the solution space and manage uncertainty by considering the design of robust systems. The method has been tested on three design examples, that are, (i) design of a fender, (ii) design of a gearbox and (iii) design of a composite structure.

Robust Concept Exploration of Materials, Products and Associated Manufacturing Processes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Balu Nellippallil ◽  
Pranav Mohan ◽  
Janet K. Allen ◽  
Farrokh Mistree
Keyword(s):  
Robust Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Process Chains ◽  
Concept Exploration ◽  
Decision Based Design ◽  
Noise Factors

In this paper, we present robust concept exploration using a goal-oriented, inverse decision-based design method to carry out the integrated design of material, product and associated manufacturing processes by managing the uncertainty involved. The uncertainty in complex material and product systems is derived from many sources and we classify robust design based on these sources — uncertainty in noise factors (Type I robust design); uncertainty in design variables or control factors (Type II robust design); uncertainty in function relationship between control/noise and response (Type III robust design); and propagation and potential amplification of uncertainty in a process chain (Type I to III robust designs across process chains). In this paper, we introduce a variation to the existing goal-oriented inverse decision-based design method to bring in robustness for multiple conflicting goals from the stand-point of Type I to III robust design across process chains. The variation embodies the introduction of specific robust design goals and constraints anchored in the mathematical constructs of error margin indices and design capability indices to determine “satisficing robust design” specifications for given performance requirement ranges using the goal-oriented, inverse design method. The design of a hot rolling process chain for the production of a rod is used as an example.

scholarly journals Endoplasmic Reticulum Export of Glycosyltransferases Depends on Interaction of a Cytoplasmic Dibasic Motif with Sar1

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 3753-3766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio G. Giraudo ◽  
Hugo J.F. Maccioni
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Transport Vesicles ◽  
Microsomal Membranes ◽  
Copii Vesicles ◽  
Er Export ◽  
Selective Process ◽  
Selection Of

Membrane proteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in COPII-transport vesicles. ER export is a selective process in which transport signals present in the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of cargo membrane proteins must be recognized by coatomer proteins for incorporation in COPII vesicles. Two classes of ER export signals have been described for type I membrane proteins, the diacidic and the dihydrophobic motifs. Both motifs participate in the Sar1-dependent binding of Sec23p–Sec24p complex to the CTs during early steps of cargo selection. However, information concerning the amino acids in the CTs that interact with Sar1 is lacking. Herein, we describe a third class of ER export motif, [RK](X)[RK], at the CT of Golgi resident glycosyltransferases that is required for these type II membrane proteins to exit the ER. The dibasic motif is located proximal to the transmembrane border, and experiments of cross-linking in microsomal membranes and of binding to immobilized peptides showed that it directly interacts with the COPII component Sar1. Sar1GTP-bound to immobilized peptides binds Sec23p. Collectively, the present data suggest that interaction of the dibasic motif with Sar1 participates in early steps of selection of Golgi resident glycosyltransferases for transport in COPII vesicles.

A Comprehensive Robust Design Approach for Decision Trade-Offs in Complex Systems Design

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monu Kalsi ◽  
Kurt Hacker ◽  
Kemper Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Robust Design ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
Type I ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Complex Engineering ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Passenger Aircraft

Abstract In this paper we introduce a technique to reduce the effects of uncertainty and incorporate flexibility in the design of complex engineering systems involving multiple decision-makers. We focus on the uncertainty that is created when a disciplinary designer or design team must try to predict or model the behavior of other disciplinary subsystems. The design of a complex system is performed by many different designers and design teams, each of which may only have control over a portion of the total set of system design variables. Modeling the interaction among these decision-makers and reducing the effect caused by lack of global control by any one designer is the focus of this paper. We use concepts from robust design to reduce the effects of decisions made during the design of one subsystem on the performance of the rest of the system. Thus, in a situation where the cost of uncertainty is high, these tools can be used to increase the robustness, or independence, of the subsystems, enabling designers to make more effective decisions. This approach includes uncertainty caused by control factor variation (Type II robust design) and uncertainty caused by unknown nonlocal design information (Type I robust design). To demonstrate the usefulness of this approach, we consider a case study involving the design of a passenger aircraft.

Analysis and Comparison of Power Supply Schemes for well Clusters in Gas Gathering and Transmission Engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 568-570 ◽  
pp. 1816-1819
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Kun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
Supply Model ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Selection Of

Based on load specification, the power supply model and requirement of well clusters is presented and established in gas gathering and transmission engineering, which is applied on type I and type II. The study considers both reliability and economy of all power supply proposals, and comparatively calculates and analyzes the numbers and types of main electrical equipments, capital expenses (CAPEX) and operating expenses (OPEX). Specially, for the problem of voltage drop, it illustrates the contrast and selection of power transformers with two ratings by the technical features of standard. Finally, the paper respectively puts forward the power supply schemes for well clusters type II and type II from different proposals based on the detailed results, which shows that the conclusions are feasible and reasonable in the practical engineering application.

Selection of Type I and Type II methanotrophic proteobacteria in a fluidized bed reactor under non-sterile conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (21) ◽  
pp. 9919-9926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Pfluger ◽  
Wei-Min Wu ◽  
Allison J. Pieja ◽  
Jonathan Wan ◽  
Katherine H. Rostkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Integration of the Response Surface Methodology With the Compromise Decision Support Problem in Developing a General Robust Design Procedure

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Kwok-Leung Tsui ◽  
Janet K. Allen ◽  
Farrokh Mistree
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Robust Design ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Closed Form Solutions ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Noise Factors

Abstract In this paper we introduce a comprehensive and rigorous robust design procedure to overcome some limitations of the current approaches. A comprehensive approach is general enough to model the two major types of robust design applications, namely, • robust design associated with the minimization of the deviation of performance caused by the deviation of noise factors (uncontrollable parameters), AND • robust design due to the minimization of the deviation of performance caused by the deviation of control factors (design variables). We achieve mathematical rigor by using, as a foundation, principles from the design of experiments and optimization. Specifically, we integrate the Response Surface Method (RSM) with the compromise Decision Support Problem (DSP). Our approach is especially useful for design problems where there are no closed-form solutions and system performance is computationally expensive to evaluate. The design of a solar powered irrigation system is used as an example. Our focus in this paper is on illustrating our approach rather than on the results per se.

scholarly journals Pair formation and promiscuity of cytokeratins: formation in vitro of heterotypic complexes and intermediate-sized filaments by homologous and heterologous recombinations of purified polypeptides.

1985 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 1826-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hatzfeld ◽  
W W Franke
Keyword(s):  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Electrophoretic Techniques ◽  
Specific Pair ◽  
Chemical Cross Linking ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Acidic Type

Cytokeratins are expressed in different types of epithelial cells in certain combinations of polypeptides of the acidic (type I) and basic (type II) subfamilies, showing "expression pairs." We have examined in vitro the ability of purified and denatured cytokeratin polypeptides of human, bovine, and rat origin to form the characteristic heterotypic subunit complexes, as determined by various electrophoretic techniques and chemical cross-linking, and, subsequently, intermediate-sized filaments (IFs), as shown by electron microscopy. We have found that all of the diverse type I cytokeratin polypeptides examined can form complexes and IFs when allowed to react with equimolar amounts of any of the type II polypeptides. Examples of successful subunit complex and IF formation in vitro include combinations of polypeptides that have never been found to occur in the same cell type in vivo, such as between epidermal cytokeratins and those from simple epithelia, and also heterologous combinations between cytokeratins from different species. The reconstituted complexes and IFs show stability properties, as determined by gradual "melting" and reassociation, that are similar to those of comparable native combinations or characteristic for the specific new pair combination. The results show that cytokeratin complex and IF formation in vitro requires the pairing of one representative of each the type I and type II subfamilies into the heterotypic tetramer but that there is no structural incompatibility between any of the members of the two subfamilies. These findings suggest that the co-expression of specific pair combinations observed in vivo has other reasons than general structural requirements for IF formation and probably rather reflects the selection of certain regulatory programs of expression during cell differentiation. Moreover, the fact that certain cytokeratin polypeptide pairs that readily form complexes in vitro and coexist in the same cells in vivo nevertheless show preferential, if not exclusive, partner relationships in the living cell points to the importance of differences of stabilities among cytokeratin complexes and/or the existence of extracytokeratinous factors involved in the specific formation of certain cytokeratin pairs.

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