Diverse Economic Patterns in the North Baltic Sea Region in the Late Neolithic and Early Metal Periods

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirva Pääkkönen ◽  
Elisabeth Holmqvist ◽  
Auli Bläuer ◽  
Richard P. Evershed ◽  
Henrik Asplund
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Organic Residue ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
The North ◽  
Prehistoric Pottery ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Pottery Sherds ◽  
Dairy Fats

Over 120 prehistoric pottery sherds from mainland Finland and the Åland Islands in the north Baltic region were studied for their organic residue content. Preserved fat residues found in these vessels indicated that the food procurement pattern was broad during the Neolithic and Early Metal periods. Based on previous research and these results, it appears that animal husbandry came to Finland with the Corded Ware culture. Groups using the succeeding Late Neolithic Kiukainen Ware did not, however, practice animal husbandry to any great extent, as there is an indication of dairy fats in only a single sherd. In general, even after dairy farming arrived in the area, prehistoric groups in southern and south-western Finland continued or returned to a hunter-gatherer lifestyle. During the Early Metal period, animal husbandry increased in importance among the groups living in the area, and the level of dairying then intensified.

The integrative potential of science and research cooperation for suturing the Baltic Sea region in the 21st century

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Musiał
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Research Cooperation ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Science And Research

The aim of the article is to demonstrate how science and researchcooperation may help to reintegrate the Baltic region in the 21st century withthe participation of Russia. This is done through the analysis of documentsand strategies of Baltic Sea regionalism in the context of the regional knowledgeregime. Attention is paid to different positionalities of the regional actorsand their narratives. The theoretical framework is secured by an analysis ofcritical junctures drawing on case studies from the years 1989-91 and 2014 andthe subsequent reconfiguration of the power / knowledge nexus. The analysisshows that this reconfiguration actively contributes to creating and changingthe content and context of the Baltic Sea regionalism as based on new symbolic,economic, and political capitals. The conclusion points to the potentialof Russia’s involvement in the co-creation of the regional knowledge regimeand defines the conditions and methods of possible cooperation.

Population structure of harbour porpoises in the Baltic region: evidence of separation based on geometric morphometric comparisons

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 1669-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Galatius ◽  
Carl Christian Kinze ◽  
Jonas Teilmann
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Harbour Porpoise ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Separate Population

The harbour porpoise is seriously depleted and threatened with extinction in the Baltic Sea. It is usually assumed that Baltic porpoises form a separate population unit, although the evidence for this has been disputed lately. Here, a 3-D geometric morphometric approach was employed to test a number of hypotheses regarding population structure of the harbour porpoise in the Baltic region. 277 porpoise skulls from Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Germany and Poland were measured with a suite of 3-D landmarks. Statistical analyses revealed highly significant shape differences between porpoises from the North Sea, Belt Sea and the inner Baltic Sea. A comparison of the directionalities of the shape vectors between these units found differences that cannot be attributed to a general, continual shape trend going from the North Sea to the inner Baltic Sea. These vectors indicate a morphological adaptation to the specific sub-areas. Such adaptation may be the result of the topographic peculiarities of the area with variable topography and shallow waters, e.g. in the Belt Sea porpoises, there may be a greater reliance on benthic and demersal prey. The present results show that isolation by distance alone is an unlikely explanation for the differences found within the Baltic region and thus support previously reported molecular indications of a separate population within the inner Baltic Sea.

Intercomparison of ship emission data models for the North and Baltic Sea region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Petrik ◽  
Kristina Deichnik ◽  
Daniel Schwarzkopf ◽  
Volker Matthias ◽  
Armin Aulinger
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Data Models ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Ship Emission

<p>International ship traffic is steadily increasing since many years. The associated emission of pollutants like sulphur and nitrogen compounds has strong effects on the coastal air quality and the environment. For instance, investigations of Sofiev et al. (2018) show that the ships contribute about 20 % to the sulphur dioxide and 9 % to the global emission of nitrogen oxides. Thus, shipping is also important for climate change  through emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosol particles and the input of acidifying and eutrophying substances into coastal waters.</p><p>Therefore, an accurate estimation of ship emissions and their spatio temporal distribution is an important key to understand and investigate coastal ecosystems. The major prerequisite is a precise record of ship movements and related pollutant emissions. In our contribution we present an intercomparison between different ship emission data models for the North and Baltic Sea region. That is the inventory of the Bundesamt für Schiffahrt und Hydrography (EMMA) and the inventory of the HZG (HiMEMO-Ship, Aulinger 2016) are compared against a reference inventory from the Finnish Meteorological institute (STEAM, Jalkanen 2012). The HiMEMO-Ship is a highly flexible tool under ongoing development and allows for temporally and spatially highly-resolved ship emission data (>=30min and >=500 m) of 9 chemical species including aerosols. The tool is designed to consider also adaptation scenarios (e.g. MARPOL Annex VI regulation).<br>The uncertainty of the derived emissions are discussed on the basis of two means: a) a multi-parameter ensemble generated with the HZG-model and b) a multi-model ensemble using the 3 afore-mentioned approaches (“EMMA”, ”STEAM” and “HiMEMO-Ship”). The results imply that a large portion of emissions are related to ships with actually only insufficiently known characteristics, which thus cause a large range of uncertainty regarding their emission factors. Moreover, a large spread for mean NOx emissions is detected between inventories for the North Sea region. Because of complex manoeuvers and machine handling in the busy port areas, we also observe significant differences in emissions in that regions. Finally, a strategy is presented for treating the afore-mentioned issues with ship emission data in the framework of atmospheric chemistry transport modelling, i.e. deposition of pollutants <br>from the air.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of strengthening the Baltic Sea ECA regulations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Eiof Jonson ◽  
Michael Gauss ◽  
Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen ◽  
Lasse Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Ship Emissions ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Sulphur Emissions ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Oxidised Nitrogen

Abstract. Emissions of most land based air pollutants in western Europe have decreased in the last decades. Over the same period emissions from shipping have also decreased, but with large differences depending on species and sea area. At sea, sulphur emissions in the SECAs (Sulphur Emission Control Areas) have decreased following the implementation of a 0.1 % limit on sulphur in marine fuels from 2015. In Europe the North Sea and the Baltic Sea are designated as SECAs by the International maritime Organisation (IMO). Model calculations assuming present (2016) and future (2030) emissions have been made with the regional scale EMEP model covering Europe and the sea areas surrounding Europe including the North Atlantic east of 30 degrees west. The main focus in this paper is on the effects of ship emissions from the Baltic Sea. To reduce the influence of meteorological variability, all model calculations are presented as averages for 3 meteorological years (2014, 2015, 2016). For the Baltic Sea, model calculations have also been made with higher sulphur emissions representative of year 2014 emissions. From Baltic Sea shipping the largest effects are calculated for NO2 in air, but effects are also seen for PM2.5 and depositions of oxidised nitrogen, mainly in coastal zones close to the main shipping lanes. As a result country averaged contributions from ships are small for large countries that extend far inland like Germany and Poland, and larger for smaller countries like Denmark and the Baltic states Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, where ship emissions are among the largest contributors to concentrations and depositions of anthropogenic origin. Following the implementations of stricter SECA regulations, sulphur emissions from ships in the Baltic Sea shipping now have virtually no effects on PM2.5 concentrations and sulphur depositions in the Baltic Sea region. Following the expected reductions in European emissions, model calculated NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations, depositions of oxidised nitrogen, and partially also surface ozone levels, in the Baltic Sea region are expected to decrease in the next decade. Parts of these reductions are caused by reductions in the Baltic Sea ship emissions mainly as a result of the Baltic Sea being defined as a Nitrogen Emission Control Area from 2021.

scholarly journals (Re-)Placing Pentecostalism: Swedish Mission and the idea of the Baltic

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Temporal Context ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Word Of Life

I draw on fieldwork based in the Word of Life Ministry, Sweden, to consider how these neo-Pentecostals have constructed the Baltic as a landscape of both action and imagination. One part of my argument states that we must see the ministry’s attitudes to Sweden and the wider Baltic region in terms of its desire to situate itself within Swedish revivalist history. I also argue, however, that we can fruitfully draw on Bakhtin’s notion of the ‘chronotope’ to trace how the Baltic constitutes a potent spatio-temporal context for the construction of a narrative which encourages Word of Life members to see their missionary role as being contained within, but also looking far beyond, the Baltic Sea region.

Sweden and the Baltic Sea Region

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikard Bengtsson
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
European Level ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Eu

Swedish policy towards the Baltic Sea region in the post-Cold-War period reflects an internationalist approach aimed at institutionalizing regional cooperative mechanisms, along with a generic interest in managing relations with Russia. The Baltic region is of significant strategic interest to Sweden. From a strategic foreign policy perspective, the institutions-based approach to regional cooperation can be viewed as a formula for Sweden to multilateralize relations with Russia while simultaneously reaping economic and security benefits that stem from regional and European-level interdependencies. The roles that follow from this approach—as regional integrator and as normative critic of Russia—are increasingly enacted through European channels, primarily the EU.

scholarly journals Effects of strengthening the Baltic Sea ECA regulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 13469-13487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Eiof Jonson ◽  
Michael Gauss ◽  
Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen ◽  
Lasse Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Ship Emissions ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Sulfur Emissions

Abstract. Emissions of most land-based air pollutants in western Europe have decreased in the last decades. Over the same period emissions from shipping have also decreased, but with large differences depending on species and sea area. At sea, sulfur emissions in the SECAs (Sulphur Emission Control Areas) have decreased following the implementation of a 0.1 % limit on sulfur in marine fuels from 2015. In Europe the North Sea and the Baltic Sea are designated as SECAs by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). Model calculations assuming present (2016) and future (2030) emissions have been made with the regional-scale EMEP model covering Europe and the sea areas surrounding Europe, including the North Atlantic east of 30∘ W. The main focus in this paper is on the effects of ship emissions from the Baltic Sea. To reduce the influence of meteorological variability, all model calculations are presented as averages for 3 meteorological years (2014, 2015, 2016). For the Baltic Sea, model calculations have also been made with higher sulfur emissions representative of year 2014 emissions. From Baltic Sea shipping the largest effects are calculated for NO2 in air, accounting for more than 50 % of the NO2 concentrations in central parts of the Baltic Sea. In coastal zones contributions to NO2 and also nitrogen depositions can be of the order of 20 % in some regions. Smaller effects, up to 5 %–10 %, are also seen for PM2.5 in coastal zones close to the main shipping lanes. Country-averaged contributions from ships are small for large countries that extend far inland like Germany and Poland, and larger for smaller countries like Denmark and the Baltic states Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, where ship emissions are among the largest contributors to concentrations and depositions of anthropogenic origin. Following the implementations of stricter SECA regulations, sulfur emissions from Baltic Sea shipping now have virtually no effects on PM2.5 concentrations and sulfur depositions in the Baltic Sea region. Adding to the expected reductions in air pollutants and depositions following the projected reductions in European emissions, we expect that the contributions from Baltic Sea shipping to NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations, and to depositions of nitrogen, will be reduced by 40 %–50 % from 2016 to 2030 mainly as a result of the Baltic Sea being defined as a Nitrogen Emission Control Area from 2021. In most parts of the Baltic Sea region ozone levels are expected to decrease from 2016 to 2030. For the Baltic Sea shipping, titration, mainly in winter, and production, mainly in summer, partially compensate. As a result the effects of Baltic Sea shipping on ozone are similar in 2016 and 2030.

scholarly journals Political technologies and international conflicts in the information space of the Baltic Sea region

Baltic Region ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor P. Kirilenko ◽  
Georgiy V. Alexeyev
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Information Space ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Baltic

The information space of the Baltic region has gradually developed since the free exchange of cross-border messages was made possible by media technology and international law. The international conflict between Russia and some countries of the European Union has become a factor hampering its sustainable development. Moreover, the conflict has adversely affected the functioning of many civil society institutions in the Baltic Sea region. This study focuses on the publications in the scientific media associated with the political technologies that may provoke conflict but must contribute to good-neighbourly relations in the region. We carry out a comprehensive political analysis and a specific examination of the Western scientific media to develop a package of measures that Russia can take to counter the conflictprovoking influences in the region. The current condition of the regional information space and information operations aimed at inciting Russophobia and forcing Russia out of the European political process is indicative of the politicisation of social sciences and the humanities and of the mythologisation of the policies of the regional social structures. The conflict must be urgently resolved, since the political technologies, which cause instability in the information space, damage the reputations of all the states involved. To reconcile the differences that underlie the information conflict in the Baltic region it is necessary to take into account common interests. There is a pressing need to join efforts in solving the challenging social problems that cannot be overcome without either international cooperation among the countries or effective social partnership.

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