REVEALING CONTINGENCY THROUGH SHUN'S 舜 ASCENSION TO THE THRONE

Early China ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 61-92
Author(s):  
Youngsun Back
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Human Control ◽  
Pure Chance ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
Political Succession ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
Political Lessons ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis article examines the story of Shun's 舜 ascension to the throne. This story has drawn considerable attention throughout Chinese history because of its significance with regard to political succession. However, in this article, I shed light on a different dimension of the story: its relevance to the issue of contingency. I investigate four texts, two excavated and two transmitted: Qiongda yi shi 窮達以時 (Failure and Success Depend on Times), Tang Yu zhi dao 唐虞之道 (The Way of Yao and Shun), the Mengzi 孟子, and the Xunzi 荀子. At one extreme, Qiongda yi shi highlights that Shun became a king by pure chance, while at the other extreme, Xunzi interprets the event as a necessary one, emphasizing that Shun cannot but succeed Yao. The other two texts fall somewhere in between the two extremes. I use these four texts to showcase different ways of thinking about areas over which humans are believed to lack control. My claim is that these four texts offer different accounts of the same event—Shun's ascension—because they see the event from different perspectives: from a perspective of the chosen, from a perspective of the chooser, from a mise-en-scène, and from a perspective of not of this world, respectively. I argue that the diverse perspectives of these texts entail the different understandings of several related issues such as the degree of human control over the event, the important features of the event, and the content of the moral and political lessons that we draw from the event.

Public Relations and Its Problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Melissa Aronczyk ◽  
Maria I. Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Public Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
The Way

The key argument in this book is that American environmentalism emerged alongside the tools, techniques, and expertise of American public relations (PR) and that neither environmentalism nor PR would look the way it does today without the other. We consider PR as a technology of legitimacy. This refers not only to securing legitimacy for one viewpoint over another. It is also about how PR has created a set of social and political conditions in which certain ways of thinking become available to us while others are foreclosed on. PR is a process that provides conceptual repertoires, repertoires that have influenced how we define public information and communication around environmental change

scholarly journals Subjective and Objective Reasons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Sepielli
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
The Way

We sometimes treat right and wrong as subjective—that is, as necessarily dependent on things like our beliefs and evidence. Think of “subjective utilitarianism.” Sometimes we treat these as objective—that is, as perhaps dependent on the way things really are, independently of our beliefs and evidence. Think of “objective utilitarianism.” Are these just different but equally acceptable ways of thinking and talking, or is one somehow privileged over the other? The philosophers I call “Dividers” take the former view; those I call “Debaters” take the latter. While lots of ink has been spilled on the topic of “subjective and objective reasons” by philosophers in both the Divider and Debater camps, no one has thus far attempted to adjudicate between the two positions. That is the task of this chapter.

Handling of Facts and Forensic Tactics in Cicero’s Pro Roscio Amerino

Nova Tellus ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Nótári
Keyword(s):  
Public Affairs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
The Real ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The One ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Way

Pro Sexto Roscio Amerino is Cicero’s first “criminal case”, in which he tries to clear his defendant of the charge invented by his relatives and the dictator’s confidant under the pretext of Sulla’s massacres. Sextus Roscius junior was charged with patricide by his relatives asserting that he had his father murdered in June 81. By the assistance of Sulla’s confidant, Chrysogonus, the relatives attained that the victim’s name—although he was considered the dictator’s adherent—should be in­cluded in the register of persons inflicted by proscriptio, and so his property could be sold by auction, of which both Chrysogonus and the relatives of the murdered man had their handsome share, except for, “as a matter of fact”, Roscius senior’s son, who was thus done out of his inheritance. To enjoy the treacherously obtained property in safety, they wanted to get the lawful inheritor out of the way by a well-thought out Justizmord, therefore, they charged him with par(r)icidium. The case covered a dan­gerous political swamp, so they thought that none of the illustrious advocates of the age would undertake the defence. However, the young Cicero resolved to represent the case that seemed hopeless not so much for legal but much more for political reasons; his undertaking —which was eventually crowned by success— required a lot of courage, precise handling of the facts of the case and rhetoric skill, yet, in the long run established the reputation of the ambitious advocate and launched his career as an orator and a man of public affairs. Afterwards, the orator speaks about the acknowledgement obtained through the successful statement of the defence, on the one hand; and, seriously criticizes his own one-time overflowing, unrestrained style, yet, appreciating his own courage, on the other. First, we intend to shed light on the historical situation; after that, we outline the statutory background of the crime that provides grounds for the charge. Finally, we analyse the handling of the facts of the case applied in Pro Roscio Amerino and the rhetorical tactics by which he uncovered the real movers of the invented charge and their motivation and attained the acquittal of the accused.

Political Lessons of Chinese History

1883 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-229
Author(s):  
Richard Temple
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Lessons ◽  
The Way ◽  
Mongol Rule

Political and strategic geography of China — Mongol invasion turning-point in Chinese history — Early Chinese civilisation before that event — Gallant and patriotic resistance on the part of the Chinese against their Mongol invaders — Mongol conquest of China completed A.D. 1270 — Character of Mongol rule there — Restoration of native Chinese dynasty — Its decay after lasting two centuries — Local insurrection of a strange character arising — Prepares the way for accession of the Manchus — Origin of the Manchu Tartars — They overrun China after a noble resistance by the people — Their dominion established over China — Character of their rule up to the nineteenth century — Eminent sovereigns of their race — Beginning of their degeneracy.

scholarly journals Essai: The Ghost in the Organism

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Cummings ◽  
Torkild Thanem
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
The Way

The emergence of the idea that organizations are like organisms is generally seen as having saved organization studies (OS) from its mechanistic precepts. We argue that it has not. Rather, the mechanistic underpinnings of organization merely found a new medium of expression in the organism metaphor. This is largely due to the particular legacy that first informed so-called organic thinking about organizations in the 20th century. This essai investigates the history of the words organization and organism and asks how it became possible for one to be used as a metaphor for the other. Then it examines the way that the organism was brought into the fold of organization so as to reinforce the Modernist and mechanistic underpinnings of the field. We conclude that if the mechanistic ghost in the organism is to be exorcised, OS needs to recognize and rethink these underlying premises. Towards this end, we offer two alternative ways of thinking organization via the organism: one pre-Modern and one post-Modern.

scholarly journals Unified Dialectical Relations of Terms in English-Chinese Translation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1307
Author(s):  
Huaiyu Mu ◽  
Jijun Wang
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Chinese Translation ◽  
Strategy Method ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Independent Existence ◽  
The Way ◽  
Unity Of Opposites

The differences between English and Chinese history and culture lead to the differences in the way of thinking between the two nations, and these differences in the way of thinking naturally reflect in the languages, from which the dialectical relations between English and Chinese arises in some aspects. There is a contradictory relation which is both opposite and unified between common terms in English-Chinese translation. To study the unity of opposites in English-Chinese translation is not to reconcile the contradictions, but to face up to them. Only by knowing what the problems are can we try to find a way to solve them. This paper aims to clarify the origins and definitions of these terms, make a deep analysis to them and then conclude the necessity of their independent existence in translation strategy, method and technique, and at the same time prove that under certain conditions these terms are unified, and that the two sides, which have opposing and unified relations, can also realize the transformation from one side to the other.

scholarly journals Η κατάλυση της συμφιλίωσης από τη διαφορά της μετανεωτερικότητας

Conatus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Σπύρος Χαλβαντζής (Spyros Chalvantzis)
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

Main goal of this article is to present perceptions of the world of two different and meaningfully promiscuous ways of thinking: from the one hand the perception formed during the contemporary times and from the other the perception formed during ‘’post-histoire’’. What has to be firstly clarified regarding the matter of post-modern is that it does not fight against its modern ancestor. Post in postmodernity does not mean the replacement of modernity. In other words, post is not connected with a time period that has passed and be replaced with something novel. The entirely analysis goes all the way based upon Derrida’s Thought. To be more specific that means that the goal is the signalization of the differences between modernity and postmodernity without a breath of identification, conciliation or concordant connections but through the percept of complementarity. It is also anticipated to be clarified a model of historic perspective, during its progression social configurations are structured after this model has been firstly approached through the prism of Rousseau’s thought.

scholarly journals Words and Meanings of Love in Arabic and English with Reference to Translation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Marwan M. Hussein ◽  
Safwan I. Thannoon
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
One To One ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Negative Sense ◽  
Shed Light

The research is an attempt to shed light on words of love in both Arabic and English for the sake of showing the main differences and similarities between both languages and ways of thinking by the speakers of both cultures. Each word carries a positive and/or negative sense which may be covered by the so-called word nuances. Arabic words are unique in their denotation with different connotations. Therefore, it is difficult to say that a word can stand for another one because Arabic words of love, as the study reveals, are to varying degrees highly emotional and meaningful. English words of love, on the other hand, are clear and forward, frequently associated with sex in modern English. For this reason, they are elaborated on separately as a threshold to discuss the main problems emerging in translating some of them particularly, from Arabic into English. It is found that there is no one-to-one correspondence, except for few of them, between the Arabic words and their English counterparts. The research indicates that the translation of words of love is highly stylistically and contextually bound. Hence, translating such words requires a well-versed and competent translator. Finally, the research comes up with some conclusions that have been arrived at during this work.

scholarly journals Heidegger as Levinas’s Guide to Judaism beyond Philosophy

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Elad Lapidot
Keyword(s):  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Political Event ◽  
Jewish Thought ◽  
Real Scene ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

This essay reflects on the way that Emmanuel Levinas stages the difference between Judaism and Philosophy, namely how he approaches Jewish thought as a concrete other of philosophy. The claim is that this mise en scène underlies Levinas’s oeuvre not only as a discourse about the Other, but as a real scene of an actual encounter with otherness, namely the encounter of philosophy with the epistemic otherness of Judaism. It is in the turn to Jewish thought beyond Philosophy that the essay identifies Heidegger’s strongest influence on Levinas. The essay’s reflection is performed through a reading of Levinas’s first major philosophical work of 1961, Totality and Infinity. The encounter between Philosophy and Judaism is explored in this context both as an epistemic and as a political event.

Development and regional planning within the decentralized administrative frame: case study (the Jordanian Experiment)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Mansour Safran
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
The Way

This aims to review and analyze the Jordanian experiment in the developmental regional planning field within the decentralized managerial methods, which is considered one of the primary basic provisions for applying and success of this kind of planning. The study shoed that Jordan has passed important steps in the way for implanting the decentralized administration, but these steps are still not enough to established the effective and active regional planning. The study reveled that there are many problems facing the decentralized regional planning in Jordan, despite of the clear goals that this planning is trying to achieve. These problems have resulted from the existing relationship between the decentralized administration process’ dimensions from one side, and between its levels which ranged from weak to medium decentralization from the other side, In spite of the official trends aiming at applying more of the decentralized administrative policies, still high portion of these procedures are theoretical, did not yet find a way to reality. Because any progress or success at the level of applying the decentralized administrative policies doubtless means greater effectiveness and influence on the development regional planning in life of the residents in the kingdom’s different regions. So, it is important to go a head in applying more steps and decentralized administrative procedures, gradually and continuously to guarantee the control over any negative effects that might result from Appling this kind of systems.   © 2018 JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association

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