scholarly journals The emerging role of GATA transcription factors in development and disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein HFM Lentjes ◽  
Hanneke EC Niessen ◽  
Yoshimitsu Akiyama ◽  
Adriaan P de Bruïne ◽  
Veerle Melotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Gata Transcription Factors ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Induction Of Differentiation ◽  
Gata Family

The GATA family of transcription factors consists of six proteins (GATA1-6) which are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. GATA1/2/3 are required for differentiation of mesoderm and ectoderm-derived tissues, including the haematopoietic and central nervous system. GATA4/5/6 are implicated in development and differentiation of endoderm- and mesoderm-derived tissues such as induction of differentiation of embryonic stem cells, cardiovascular embryogenesis and guidance of epithelial cell differentiation in the adult.

Ablation of Tumor-Derived Stem Cells Transplanted to the Central Nervous System by Genetic Modification of Embryonic Stem Cells with a Suicide Gene

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1182-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juyeon Jung ◽  
Neil R. Hackett ◽  
Robert G. Pergolizzi ◽  
Lorraine Pierre-Destine ◽  
Anja Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Suicide Gene ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and characterisation of HOT regions in the human genome

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Li ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Chao Ren ◽  
Xiaochen Bo ◽  
Wenjie Shu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Epigenetic Analysis

AbstractHOT (high-occupancy target) regions, which are bound by a surprisingly large number of transcription factors, are considered to be among the most intriguing findings of recent years. An improved understanding of the roles that HOT regions play in biology would be afforded by knowing the constellation of factors that constitute these domains and by identifying HOT regions across the spectrum of human cell types. We characterised and validated HOT regions in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and produced a catalogue of HOT regions in a broad range of human cell types. We found that HOT regions are associated with genes that control and define the developmental processes of the respective cell and tissue types. We also showed evidence of the developmental persistence of HOT regions at primitive enhancers and demonstrate unique signatures of HOT regions that distinguish them from typical enhancers and super-enhancers. Finally, we performed an epigenetic analysis to reveal the dynamic epigenetic regulation of HOT regions upon H1 differentiation. Taken together, our results provide a resource for the functional exploration of HOT regions and extend our understanding of the key roles of HOT regions in development and differentiation.

Bioinformatic Analysis of Transcriptional Regulation by Nur77 in Central Nervous System and Immune System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Olivares Costa ◽  
Fernando Faunes ◽  
María Estela Andrés
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Neuronal Stem Cells

Abstract ObjectiveThe objectives of this work were to find genes regulated by Nur77 in neurons and to evaluate the possible common role of this transcription factor in neurons and lymphatic cells using published experimentally generated databases of ChIP-Seq and a microarray. We also characterized Nur77 binding throughout the genome. ResultsWe identified 113 Nur77 target genes in neuronal stem cells and 116 in neuronal cells. Cell adhesion and anchoring processes emerged as regulated by Nur77 in neurons and lymphatic cells. We found 9 common genes regulated by Nur77. Finally, we described a significant distribution of Nur77 binding sites in strong enhancers and active promoters. This work is a first step to understand the role of Nur77 and its common targets in neurons and immune cells.

scholarly journals Notch1 control of oligodendrocyte differentiation in the spinal cord

2002 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Genoud ◽  
Corinna Lappe-Siefke ◽  
Sandra Goebbels ◽  
Freddy Radtke ◽  
Michel Aguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Differentiation ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
The Central Nervous System

We have selectively inhibited Notch1 signaling in oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs) using the Cre/loxP system in transgenic mice to investigate the role of Notch1 in oligodendrocyte (OL) development and differentiation. Early development of OPCs appeared normal in the spinal cord. However, at embryonic day 17.5, premature OL differentiation was observed and ectopic immature OLs were present in the gray matter. At birth, OL apoptosis was strongly increased in Notch1 mutant animals. Premature OL differentiation was also observed in the cerebrum, indicating that Notch1 is required for the correct spatial and temporal regulation of OL differentiation in various regions of the central nervous system. These findings establish a widespread function of Notch1 in the late steps of mammalian OPC development in vivo.

scholarly journals Role of miR-302/367 cluster in human physiology and pathophysiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 791-800
Author(s):  
Menghuan Guo ◽  
Lu Gan ◽  
Jing Si ◽  
Jinhua Zhang ◽  
Zhiyuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate target mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. Increasing evidence shows the involvement of miRNAs in diverse biological processes. miR-302/367 cluster is highly conserved among vertebrates and made up of five members, including miR-367, miR-302a, miR-302b, miR-302c and miR-302d. miR-302/367 cluster plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation and reprogramming, affecting the development of tumor, cardiovascular system, nervous system and immune system. In this review, we will summarize the role of miR-302/367 cluster in embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells and try to point out its relationship with tumors, cardiovascular system, nervous system and immune system.

Neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Stavridis ◽  
A.G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Replacement ◽  
Quantification Analysis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Pluripotent embryonic stem cells can give rise to neuroectodermal derivatives in culture. This potential could be harnessed to generate neurons and glia for cell-replacement therapies in the central nervous system and for use in drug discovery. However, current methods of neural differentiation are empirical and relatively innefficient. Here, we review these methodologies and present new tools for quantification, analysis and manipulation of embryonic stem cell neural determination.

scholarly journals LncRNA Mrhl orchestrates differentiation programs in mouse embryonic stem cells through chromatin mediated regulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debosree Pal ◽  
C V Neha ◽  
Utsa Bhaduri ◽  
Zenia ◽  
Subbulakshmi Chidambaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Lineage Specific Genes

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been well-established to act as regulators and mediators of development and cell fate specification programs. LncRNA Mrhl (meiotic recombination hotspot locus) has been shown to act in a negative feedback loop with WNT signaling to regulate male germ cell meiotic commitment. In our current study, we have addressed the role of Mrhl in development and differentiation using mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) as our model system of study. We found Mrhl to be a nuclear-localized, chromatin-bound lncRNA with moderately stable expression in mESCs. Transcriptome analyses and loss-of-function phenotype studies revealed dysregulation of developmental processes and lineage-specific genes along with aberrance in specification of early lineages during differentiation of mESCs. Genome-wide chromatin occupancy studies suggest regulation of chromatin architecture at key target loci through triplex formation. Our studies thus reveal a role for lncRNA Mrhl in regulating differentiation programs in mESCs in the context of appropriate cues through chromatin-mediated responses.

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