Contextual factors associated with depression among Northern and Indigenous adolescents in the Northwest Territories, Canada

Abstract Background Persons in Arctic regions disproportionately experience depression. Knowledge gaps remain regarding factors associated with depression among adolescents in the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, where child and adolescent mental health hospitalizations are nearly 2.5 times the national rate. This study assesses correlates of depression among adolescents in the NWT. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey with adolescents aged 13–18 in 17 NWT communities. We assessed associations between socio-demographic characteristics, dating violence, food insecurity and depression, measured with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. We conducted ordered logistic regressions to assess associations with no, mild, or moderate/severe depression scores. Results Participants (n = 399; mean age: 14.3, s.d.: 1.3) were mostly Indigenous (79%) and 45% reported food insecurity. Nearly half (47%) reported minimal/no depression symptoms, 25% mild symptoms and 28% moderate/severe symptoms. In multivariate analyses, participants who were cisgender women compared to other genders, sexually diverse v. heterosexual, and food insecure had double the odds of more severe depression symptoms. Among those dating, dating violence was associated with double the odds of moderate/severe depression symptoms. Conclusions Findings support tailored interventions to address material (food insecurity), relational (dating violence) and symbolic (gender and sexual orientation norms) contextual factors associated with depression among adolescents in the NWT.

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Prevalence of Depression Symptoms and Associated Sociodemographic and Clinical Correlates Among Syrian Refugees in Lebanon

10.21203/rs.3.rs-62968/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hady Naal ◽

Dana Nabulsi ◽

Nour El Arnaout ◽

Lina Abdouni ◽

Hani Dimassi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Large Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Syrian Refugees ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Clinical Correlates ◽

Syrian Refugee ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Abstract Background: Since the outbreak of the Syrian war in 2011, close to 6 million Syrian refugees have escaped to Syria’s neighbouring countries, including Lebanon. Evidence suggests rising levels of mental health disorders among Syrian refugee populations. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, large-scale studies addressing the mental health of adult Syrian refugees in Lebanon are lacking. Aims: We examined the prevalence of depression symptoms, which represent a common and debilitating mental health disorder among Syrian refugee populations in Lebanon, along with their sociodemographic and clinical correlates.Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was conducted as part of a collaborative project-“Sijilli”- led by the Global Health Institute at the American University of Beirut (Beirut, Lebanon) across 4 informal tented settlements for refugees (Beirut, Bekaa, North, South) in Lebanon among adult Syrian refugees (≥18), over a period extending from 2018 to 2020. The survey inquired about participants’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and screened participants for symptoms of depression through sequential methodology using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2 and PHQ-9). Results: A total of 3255 adult Syrian refugees were enrolled in the study. Of those refugees, only 51.6% (n=1678) screened positive on the PHQ-2 and were therefore eligible to complete the PHQ-9. The PHQ-9 analysis revealed high prevalence (25%) of moderate to severe depression in the total sample, suggestive of high probability for major depression disorder (MDD). Further analyses indicate that being ≥45 years of age (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.22-2.36), a woman (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.07-1.69), divorced/separated (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.57-7.01), reporting a neurological (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.20-2.61) or a mental health condition (OR 5.30, 95% CI 2.40-11.66) are major risk factors for MDD.Conclusion: Our study suggests that one in four Syrian refugees in Lebanon have probable MDD, and our findings have important public health and clinical implications on refugee health. There is a need to enhance screening efforts, to improve access and referral to mental health services, and to improve post-migration factors among Syrian refugees in Lebanon.

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Emotional health concerns of oncology physicians in the United States: fallout during the COVID-19 pandemic

10.1101/2020.06.11.20128702 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lauren Thomaier ◽

Deanna Teoh ◽

Patricia Jewett ◽

Heather Beckwith ◽

Helen Parsons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cancer Care ◽

Emotional Health ◽

Well Being ◽

The United States ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

AbstractIntroductionCancer care is significantly impacted by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of the pandemic on the emotional well-being of oncology providers across the United States and explore factors associated with anxiety and depression symptoms.Methods and MaterialsA cross-sectional survey was administered to United States cancer-care physicians recruited over a two-week period (3/27/2020 – 4/10/2020) using snowball-convenience sampling through social media. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4).ResultsOf 486 participants, 374 (77.0%) completed the PHQ-4: mean age 45.7±9.6 years; 63.2% female; all oncologic specialties were represented. The rates of anxiety and depression symptoms were 62.0% and 23.5%, respectively. Demographic factors associated with anxiety included female sex, younger age, and less time in clinical practice. Perception of inadequate PPE (68.6% vs. 57.4%, p=0.03) and practicing in a state with more COVID-19 cases (65.8% vs. 51.1%, p=0.01) were associated with anxiety symptoms. Factors significantly associated with both anxiety and depression included: degree to which COVID-19 has interfered with the ability to provide treatment to cancer patients and concern that patients will not receive the level of care needed for non-COVID-19 illness (all p-values <0.01).ConclusionThe prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among oncology physicians in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic is high. Our findings highlight factors associated with and sources of psychological distress to be addressed to protect the well-being of oncology physicians.

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Coping with work-related stress in health care professionals – strategies for prevention of burnout and depression

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2013.29572 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 154 (12) ◽

pp. 449-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Veronika Mészáros ◽

Zoltán Cserháti ◽

Attila Oláh ◽

Dóra Perczel Forintos ◽

Szilvia Ádám

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Work Stress ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: The prevalence of depression and burnout among health care professionals is high in Hungary. However, there is limited empirical data on disease prevention among these populations. Aims: This study aims at evaluating the mediating role of coping mechanisms in preventing depression and burnout. Methods: Cross-sectional survey among 1333 health care professionals. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires about their perception of work stress, burnout and depressive symptoms, as well as their preferred coping strategies. Analyses were performed using structural equation modelling. Results: The prevalence of severe depression and lack of personal accomplishment was 5.6% and nearly 50%, respectively. Work stress predicted symptoms of burnout and depression both directly and indirectly through the mediation by coping strategies. Of the coping strategies, cognitive restructuring, which accentuates the realistic assessment of challenging situations, was found to reduce the probability of the development of burnout and depression symptoms. Conclusions: This study provides further data for the development of cognitive interventional strategies and highlights the significance of these strategies in the prevention of depression and burnout among Hungarian health care professionals. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 449–454.

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Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge, Precaution Practice, and Associated Depression Symptoms among University Students in Korea, China, and Japan

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17186671 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (18) ◽

pp. 6671 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bo Zhao ◽

Fanlei Kong ◽

Myo Nyein Aung ◽

Motoyuki Yuasa ◽

Eun Woo Nam

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

University Students ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

China And Japan ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Depressive States

This study assessed university students’ knowledge and precaution practices of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in South Korea, China, and Japan, and investigated their depressive states during the pandemic. This cross-sectional survey collected data from 821 respondents, using an anonymous online questionnaire designed by the Yonsei Global Health Center, from 23 March to 20 April 2020, which included socio-demographic questions, knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19, preventative practices, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale to assess mental health. High proportions of respondents showed good knowledge of the transmission pathways and information related to COVID-19. Contact history as well as concerns about family members and the disease showed statistically significant distinctions by nationality and gender. On the whole, all participants reported good levels of preventative practices. The Chinese group reported the highest preventative practice scores; and females scored higher than males. Moreover, the Japanese group showed the most severe depressive states; overall, females experienced more severe depression than males. Thus, authorities should especially emphasize the importance of COVID-19 precautions to males. Educational departments and health authorities should observe the mental health of university adults during the pandemic and plan interventions to improve it.

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Prevalence of Depression Symptoms and Associated Sociodemographic and Clinical Correlates among Syrian Refugees in Lebanon

10.21203/rs.3.rs-62968/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hady Naal ◽

Dana Nabulsi ◽

Nour El Arnaout ◽

Lina Abdouni ◽

Hani Dimassi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Large Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Syrian Refugees ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Clinical Correlates ◽

Syrian Refugee ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Abstract Background: Since the outbreak of the Syrian war in 2011, close to 6 million Syrian refugees have escaped to Syria’s neighbouring countries, including Lebanon. Evidence suggests rising levels of mental health disorders among Syrian refugee populations. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, large-scale studies addressing the mental health of adult Syrian refugees in Lebanon are lacking.Aims: We examined the prevalence of depression symptoms, which represent a common and debilitating mental health disorder among Syrian refugee populations in Lebanon, along with their sociodemographic and clinical correlates.Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was conducted as part of a collaborative project-“Sijilli”- led by the Global Health Institute at the American University of Beirut (Beirut, Lebanon) across 4 informal tented settlements for refugees (Beirut, Bekaa, North, South) in Lebanon among adult Syrian refugees (≥18), over a period extending from 2018 to 2020. The survey inquired about participants’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and screened participants for symptoms of depression through sequential methodology using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2 and PHQ-9).Results: A total of 3255 adult Syrian refugees were enrolled in the study. Of those refugees, 46.73% (n=1521) screened positive on the PHQ-2 and were therefore eligible to complete the PHQ-9. In the entire sample (n=3255), the prevalence of moderate to severe depression symptoms (PHQ-2 ≥2 and then PHQ-9 ≥10) was 22% (n=706). Further analyses indicate that being ≥45 years of age (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.13-2.30), a woman (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06-1.70), widowed (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.31-6.32), reporting a neurological (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.15-2.60) or a mental health condition (OR 3.98, 95% CI 1.76-8.97) are major risk factors for depression.Conclusion: Our study suggests that an estimated one in four Syrian refugees in Lebanon shows moderate to severe depression symptoms, and our findings have important public health and clinical implications on refugee health. There is a need to enhance screening efforts, to improve access and referral to mental health services, and to improve post-migration factors among Syrian refugees in Lebanon.

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Prevalence of Depression Symptoms and Associated Sociodemographic and Clinical Correlates among Syrian Refugees in Lebanon

10.21203/rs.3.rs-62968/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hady Naal ◽

Dana Nabulsi ◽

Nour El Arnaout ◽

Lina Abdouni ◽

Hani Dimassi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Large Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Syrian Refugees ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Clinical Correlates ◽

Syrian Refugee ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Abstract Background: Since the outbreak of the Syrian war in 2011, close to 6 million Syrian refugees have escaped to Syria’s neighbouring countries, including Lebanon. Evidence suggests rising levels of mental health disorders among Syrian refugee populations. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, large-scale studies addressing the mental health of adult Syrian refugees in Lebanon are lacking.Aims: We examined the prevalence of depression symptoms, which represent a common and debilitating mental health disorder among Syrian refugee populations in Lebanon, along with their sociodemographic and clinical correlates.Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was conducted as part of a collaborative project-“Sijilli”- led by the Global Health Institute at the American University of Beirut (Beirut, Lebanon) across 4 informal tented settlements for refugees (Beirut, Bekaa, North, South) in Lebanon among adult Syrian refugees (≥18), over a period extending from 2018 to 2020. The survey inquired about participants’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and screened participants for symptoms of depression through sequential methodology using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2 and PHQ-9).Results: A total of 3255 adult Syrian refugees were enrolled in the study. Of those refugees, only 46.73% (n=1521) screened positive on the PHQ-2 and were therefore eligible to complete the PHQ-9. The PHQ-9 analysis revealed high prevalence (22%) of moderate to severe depression in the total sample, suggestive of high probability for Major Depression Disorder (MDD). Further analyses indicate that being ≥45 years of age (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.13-2.30), a woman (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06-1.70), widowed (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.31-6.32), reporting a neurological (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.15-2.60) or a mental health condition (OR 3.98, 95% CI 1.76-8.97) are major risk factors for depression.Conclusion: Our study suggests that an estimated one in four Syrian refugees in Lebanon have probable MDD, and our findings have important public health and clinical implications on refugee health. There is a need to enhance screening efforts, to improve access and referral to mental health services, and to improve post-migration factors among Syrian refugees in Lebanon.

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The acceptability and feasibility of an online pathway for depression treatment via decision support: a cross-sectional survey. (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.19214 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Paul J Barr ◽

Michelle D Dannenberg ◽

Shama S Alam ◽

Karen L Fortuna ◽

Theresa Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Decision Support ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Depression Screening ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Access To Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND Individuals often turn to the internet seeking answers to their mental health problems. In 2014, Mental Health America (MHA) began the online program MHA Screening, including the PHQ-9, and since then has collected data from nearly 2.5 million people. Among those who complete a depression screening online, 83% report moderate to severe depression. Despite a range of evidence-based treatments for depression, 60% of these individuals do not seek care. A lack of both knowledge of and access to treatment are major barriers to help-seeking. Decision aids (DAs) are tools that can increase treatment knowledge, yet it is unclear if individuals with depression symptoms would use such a tool online. OBJECTIVE The objective of this project was to determine the views of individuals with depression toward an online DA for depression, and to determine the characteristics those most likely to review a DA and are willing to seek care online. METHODS MHA offers web-based depression screening using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). For this pilot, MHA made a link to a depression DA available to all individuals completing PHQ-9 screening from October – November 2017. The DA consisted of information on frequently asked questions pertaining to three treatment approaches: watchful waiting, talk therapy and antidepressants. Respondents viewing the DA could complete a short survey assessing the perceived helpfulness of the DA, and whether they would be “willing to consult a doctor online” about symptoms. Descriptive statistics were calculated, while a multiple logistic regression model identified characteristics associated with viewing the DA. RESULTS Of 74,936 PHQ-9 screens completed, 599 (8%) proceeded to review the depression DA; 92% of these respondents screened positive for moderate to severe depression and 86% had never sought prior treatment. Of the 599, 527 (88%) completed the DA survey: 46% found the DA to be helpful, 45% were unsure, while only 8% said the DA was not helpful. Higher levels of depression severity, female sex and older age were associated with increased likelihood of viewing the DA, while higher income levels and Black/African Americans were less likely to view the DA. A majority of respondents (72%) stated they would be willing to discuss their symptoms with a doctor online. CONCLUSIONS Screening for depression and providing DA outside of traditional settings is viewed positively and holds significant potential for those seeking care online. This knowledge is timely given the rising interest in the use online therapies, and the detrimental impact on psychological health of social isolation measures in response to the Coronavirus pandemic. Future work will determine the best placement of such decision support tools to maximize DA access, and assess the potential for an online pathway to treatment facilitated by screening and decision support.

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Prevalence of depression symptoms and associated sociodemographic and clinical correlates among Syrian refugees in Lebanon

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10266-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hady Naal ◽

Dana Nabulsi ◽

Nour El Arnaout ◽

Lina Abdouni ◽

Hani Dimassi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Large Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Syrian Refugees ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Clinical Correlates ◽

Syrian Refugee ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Abstract Background Since the outbreak of the Syrian war in 2011, close to 6 million Syrian refugees have escaped to Syria’s neighbouring countries, including Lebanon. Evidence suggests rising levels of mental health disorders among Syrian refugee populations. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, large-scale studies addressing the mental health of adult Syrian refugees in Lebanon are lacking. We examined the prevalence of depression symptoms, which represent a common and debilitating mental health disorder among Syrian refugee populations in Lebanon, along with their sociodemographic and clinical correlates. Methods A cross-sectional survey design was conducted as part of a collaborative project-“Sijilli”- led by the Global Health Institute at the American University of Beirut (Beirut, Lebanon) across 4 informal tented settlements for refugees (Beirut, Bekaa, North, South) in Lebanon among adult Syrian refugees (≥18), over a period extending from 2018 to 2020. The survey inquired about participants’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and screened participants for symptoms of depression through sequential methodology using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2 and PHQ-9). Results A total of 3255 adult Syrian refugees were enrolled in the study. Of those refugees, 46.73% (n = 1521) screened positive on the PHQ-2 and were therefore eligible to complete the PHQ-9. In the entire sample (n = 3255), the prevalence of moderate to severe depression symptoms (PHQ-2 ≥ 2 and then PHQ-9 ≥ 10) was 22% (n = 706). Further analyses indicate that being ≥45 years of age (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.13–2.30), a woman (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06–1.70), widowed (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.31–6.32), reporting a neurological (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.15–2.60) or a mental health condition (OR 3.98, 95% CI 1.76–8.97) are major risk factors for depression. Conclusion Our study suggests that an estimated one in four Syrian refugees in Lebanon shows moderate to severe depression symptoms, and our findings have important public health and clinical implications on refugee health. There is a need to enhance screening efforts, to improve access and referral to mental health services, and to improve post-migration factors among Syrian refugees in Lebanon.

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Bereavement or Breakup: A Network Approach to Modeling Differential Pathways into Depression

10.31234/osf.io/38r4j ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Julian Burger ◽

Margaret S. Stroebe ◽

Pasqualina Perrig-Chiello ◽

Henk A.W. Schut ◽

Stefanie Spahni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Graphical Models ◽

Contextual Factors ◽

Marital Disruption ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Depression Symptom ◽

Multiple Time ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Network Analyses ◽

Within Subjects

Background: Prior network analyses demonstrated that the death of a loved one potentially precedes specific depression symptoms, primarily loneliness, which in turn links to other depressive symptoms. In this study, we extend prior research by comparing depression symptom network structures following two types of marital disruption: bereavement versus separation. Methods: We fitted two Gaussian Graphical Models to cross-sectional data from a Swiss survey of older persons (145 bereaved, 217 separated, and 362 married controls), and compared symptom levels across bereaved and separated individuals. Results: Separated compared to widowed individuals were more likely to perceive an unfriendly environment and oneself as a failure. Both types of marital disruption were linked primarily to loneliness, from where different relations emerged to other depressive symptoms. Amongst others, loneliness had a stronger connection to perceiving oneself as a failure in separated compared to widowed individuals. Conversely, loneliness had a stronger connection to getting going in widowed individuals. Limitations: Analyses are based on cross-sectional between-subjects data, and conclusions regarding dynamic processes on the within-subjects level remain putative. Further, some of the estimated parameters in the network exhibited overlapping confidence intervals and their order needs to be interpreted with care. Replications should thus aim for studies with multiple time points and larger samples. Conclusions: The findings of this study add to a growing body of literature indicating that depressive symptom patterns depend on contextual factors. If replicated on the within-subjects level, such findings have implications for setting up patient-tailored treatment approaches in dependence of contextual factors.

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Understanding Food Waste, Food Insecurity, and the Gap between the Two: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10030681 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 681

Author(s):

Nora A. Althumiri ◽

Mada H. Basyouni ◽

Ali F. Duhaim ◽

Norah AlMousa ◽

Mohammed F. AlJuwaysim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Food Waste ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Household Level ◽

Individual Level ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Household Factors ◽

Cooked Food ◽

The Individual

Background: Food waste and food insecurity may co-exist in various balances in developing and developed countries. This study aimed to explore the levels of food waste and food insecurity, the factors associated with them, and their relationships at the household and individual levels in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study was a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews in January 2021. Quota sampling was utilized to generate balanced distributions of participants by gender across all the administrative regions of Saudi Arabia. Data collection included household demographics, food waste and disposal, the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), and the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Results: Out of the 2807 potential participants contacted, 2454 (87.4%) completed the interview. The mean age was 31.4 (SD = 11.7; range = 18–99) and 50.1% were female. The weighted prevalence of uncooked food waste in the last four weeks was 63.6% and the cooked food waste was 74.4%. However, the food insecurity weighted prevalence at the individual level (FIES) was 6.8%. In terms of food insecurity at the household level (HFIAS), 13.3% were in the “severely food insecure” category. Moreover, this study found that “moderately food insecure” households were associated with an increased likelihood to waste uncooked food (relative risk (RR) = 1.25), and the “mildly food insecure” (RR = 1.21) and “moderately food insecure” (RR = 1.17) households were associated with an increased likelihood to waste cooked food. However, “food secure” households were associated with a decreased likelihood to waste cooked food (RR = 0.56). Finally, this study identified four household factors associated with food waste and three household factors that were associated with “severe food insecurity.” Conclusions: This first national coverage study to explore food waste and food insecurity at the individual level and household level, identified household factors associated with food waste and food insecurity and identified new associations between food waste and food insecurity in Saudi Arabia. The associations found between food waste and food insecurity are potential areas of intervention to reduce both food waste and food insecurity at the same time, toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets related to food waste and food security.

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