scholarly journals Economic Crisis, Bureaucratic Quality and Democratic Breakdown

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Delfs Erbo Andersen ◽  
Suthan Krishnarajan
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Model ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Democratic Regime ◽  
Mass Mobilization ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Democratic Breakdown ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Impact

Why do economic crises sometimes lead to democratic breakdown and sometimes not? To answer this question, we bring in a new conditioning factor. We propose that bureaucracies of higher quality – implying more competent, efficient and autonomous employees – to a greater extent shield the masses from impoverishment and unjust distribution of resources. This dampens anti-regime mass mobilization, which decreases elite incentives and opportunities for toppling the democratic regime. Statistical analyses of democracies globally from 1903 to 2010 corroborate that the impact of economic crises on the risk of democratic breakdown is suppressed when democracies have a bureaucracy of higher quality. The results are robust to alternative model specifications, including a battery of ‘good governance’ indicators. The effect of bureaucratic quality is not driven by bureaucracies’ ability to hinder crisis onset or shorten crisis duration but rather their ability to decrease domestic upheavals during crises.

scholarly journals DOES GLOBALIZATION PROMOTE GOOD GOVERNANCE IN AFRICA? An Empirical Study across 51 Countries

World Affairs ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simplice A. Asongu
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Estimation Technique ◽  
Quantile Regressions ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the effect of globalization on governance in 51 African countries for the period 1996–2011. Four bundled governance indicators and four globalization (political, economic, social, and general) variables are used. The empirical evidence is based on instrumental variable quantile regressions. The motivation for using this estimation technique is that blanket governance–globalization policies are not likely to succeed unless they are contingent on initial levels of governance and tailored differently across countries with low, intermediate, and high levels of governance. The following findings are presented. First, globalization does, in fact, appear to promote good governance. Second, for the most part, the effect of globalization is higher in terms of magnitude in the bottom quantiles of the political, institutional, and general governance distributions. Third, the impact of globalization is overwhelmingly higher in terms of magnitude in the top quantiles of the economic governance distribution.

scholarly journals Disclosure, Shariah governance and financial performance in Islamic banks

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariem Ben Abdallah ◽  
Slah Bahloul
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Shariah Governance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Robustness Check

PurposeThis study aims at investigating the impact of the disclosure and the Shariah governance on the financial performance in MENASA (Middle East, North Africa and Southeast Asia) Islamic banks.Design/methodology/approachWe use the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) regression models to check the interdependence relationship between the disclosure, the Shariah governance and the financial performance of 47 Islamic banks (IBs) from ten countries operating in MENASA region. The sample period is from 2012 to 2019. In these regressions models, Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) are the dependent variables. The disclosure and the Shariah governance indicators are the independent factors. To measure the Shariah governance, we use the three sub-indices, which are the Board of Directors (BOD), the Audit Committee (AC) and the Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB). Size, Leverage and Age of the bank are used as control variables. We also used The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and the three-stage least squares (3SLS) estimations for robustness check.FindingsResult shows a negative relationship between the disclosure and the two performance measures in IBs. Furthermore, as far as the governance indicators are concerned, we found that the BOD and AC, as well as the BOD and SSB, have a positive and significant impact on the ROA and ROE, respectively. This reveals that good governance had a significant association with higher performance in MENASA IBs.Originality/valueThe paper considers both IBs that adopt mandatory as well as voluntary AAOIFI standards and the GLS method to investigate the impact of the AAOIFI disclosure and the Shariah governance on ROA and ROE. Also, it uses the GMM and the 3SLS estimations for robustness check. It is relevant for researchers, policymakers and stakeholders concerned with IBs' performance.

scholarly journals Good Governance and Agricultural Efficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Nizamettin Bayyurt ◽  
Fatma Eban Arıkan .
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Productivity Change ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Agricultural Efficiency ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Total Productivity ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to understand the effects governance indicators on the agricultural efficiency using European countries as a tool. It focuses on the efficiency of EU countries together with Turkey. In the first stage Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index are used to derive efficiency scores and the Total Productivity Change in time for 24 countries during the study period. A panel data Tobit regression is employed in the second stage to assess the key governance indicators explaining the observed variations in the efficiency levels. Four governance indicators namely, voice and accountability control of corruption, government effectiveness and regulatory quality together with the control variables; agricultural exports, education, research and development expenditures are analyzed in this stage. Findings show that the average efficiency of EU countries was slightly increased during the study period. The impact of voice and accountability, the share of R&D in GDP and the share of food products in exports upon the agricultural efficiency are positive whereas the impacts of the share of GDP allocated to education upon agricultural efficiency is negative.

scholarly journals The role of governance in explaining the relationship between public social expenditure and economic growth An econometric study on the organization of Islamic Cooperation Countries (OIC) during the period 1996- 2016: دور الحوكمة في تفسير العلاقة بين الإنفاق الاجتماعي الحكومي والنمو الاقتصادي دراسة قياسية على بلدان منظمة التعاون الإسلامي خلال الفترة 1996- 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (15) ◽  
pp. 29-1
Author(s):  
Basheer Hezam Mahdi, Mohamed Ben Mimoun Basheer Hezam Mahdi, Mohamed Ben Mimoun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
World Governance Indicators ◽  
The Impact

  The paper aimed to study the impact of government social spending with its various components (education, health, social care) on economic growth in light of the role of governance indicators. It considered the OIC countries' experience during the 1996- 2016 period and estimated an econometric model using the "Generalized Moment Method" (GMM). The World Governance Indicators (WGI) have been used to proxy for the governance variable. The results showed that: (i) there is a negative impact of government spending on education and health in the OIC countries, and an unstable effect of spending on social transfers on economic growth; (ii) there is an interaction between government social spending on the one hand and governance on the other hand, and that the effectiveness of government social spending increases in Islamic countries with good governance indicator; and (iii) there is a positive effect of the six sub- governance indicators- except for the “voice and accountability” indicator on economic growth, and on the effectiveness of social spending on education and health on economic growth.

Does Democracy Enhance Health? New Empirical Evidence 1900–2012

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-ting Wang ◽  
Valeriya Mechkova ◽  
Frida Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Democratic Elections ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Range Of Variation

This study tests the relationship between democracy and population health. Some studies argue that democracies are more likely than authoritarian regimes to provide public goods and, thus, enhance health. However, recent research has challenged this argument and identified good governance as the crucial determinant of human development. Using a newly collected dataset covering 173 countries from 1900 to 2012, our analyses show that across models with various specifications, democratic elections have consistent effects on health outcomes even when other important factors, including good governance, are taken into account. There are some nuances in this relationship. First, the impact of electoral democracy tends to persist over time. Furthermore, the positive effects are particularly salient once the quality of elections has achieved a certain threshold. Our results also suggest that previous studies yielded mixed results in part because the commonly used governance indicators are only available for relatively short time periods, and the sample does not reflect the entire range of variation in measures of both democracy and governance.

scholarly journals Impact of good governance in the economic development of Western Balkan countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engjell Pere
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
The Impact

After the socio-economic transformation and the establishment of the free market institutions, the development and improvement of living standards in post transition economies are deemed to depend more and more on the so called secondary “generating” reforms, at the core of which is the good governance. Drawing from this approach, this article seeks to address the role and the effect of the good governance in the economic development of the Western Balkans countries. More specifically, the article investigates the impact of good governance in the rates of economic growth of GDP. The article adopts a quantitative methodology approach, i.e. an econometric model based on the examination of a panel – data of good governance indicators for Western Balkans countries for the period 1996 – 2012. The analysis concentrates on the following Western Balkan Countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia.

Toxic Political Leadership and the Problems of Professionals in Free State Municipalities

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Matheakuena Mohale
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Free State ◽  
Audit Report ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Auditor General ◽  
Appointed Officials ◽  
The Impact

The 2016–17 Audit Report by the Auditor General points to the deterioration in audit results of South African municipalities. This deterioration confirms the perennial dysfunctionality of municipalities, at least from the governance perspective. Corporate governance is a function of leadership. Municipal councils are, therefore, responsible for the overall performance of municipalities they lead. Sound regulatory framework, good plans, clear strategies, policies, and systems are inadequate if not supported by highly gifted and ethical leadership. The Auditor General’s Audit Report suggests that local government struggles the most in the area of ethics. The Principal-Agent Theory argues that appointed officials are more likely to subvert the interests of an organisation. However, this article argues that the primary source of problems in municipalities is a combination of ineptitude and unethical political leadership taking root. This conclusion is based on the empirical comparative cases of eight municipalities in the Free State Province.  The conduct of councillors makes it difficult to attract and retain professionals in municipalities, resulting in notable deficiencies in the delivery of services. Essentially, councillors are the root cause for governance failure in municipalities arising from a number of factors. Findings in this study contribute towards the understanding of the impact of leadership in the failure of municipalities to meet good governance and developmental objectives. Further, they deepen the theoretical understanding of the political-administrative interface.

An Econometric Analysis on the Relationship between Globalisation and Inequality in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-89
Author(s):  
Jacques de Jongh
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Globalisation has had an unprecedented impact on the development and well-being of societies across the globe. Whilst the process has been lauded for bringing about greater trade specialisation and factor mobility many have also come to raise concerns on its impact in the distribution of resources. For South Africa in particular this has been somewhat of a contentious issue given the country's controversial past and idiosyncratic socio-economic structure. Since 1994 though, considerable progress towards its global integration has been made, however this has largely coincided with the establishment of, arguably, the highest levels of income inequality the world has ever seen. This all has raised several questions as to whether a more financially open and technologically integrated economy has induced greater within-country inequality (WCI). This study therefore has the objective to analyse the impact of the various dimensions of globalisation (economic, social and political) on inequality in South Africa. Secondary annual time series from 1990 to 2018 were used sourced from the World Bank Development indicators database, KOF Swiss Economic Institute and the World Inequality database. By using different measures of inequality (Palma ratios and distribution figures), the study employed two ARDL models to test the long-run relationships with the purpose to ensure the robustness of the results. Likewise, two error correction models (ECM) were used to analyse the short-run dynamics between the variables. As a means of identifying the casual effects between the variables, a Toda-Yamamoto granger causality analysis was utilised. Keywords: ARDL, Inequality, Economic Globalisation; Social Globalisation; South Africa

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document