Ethnic Formation with Other-Than-Human Beings: Island Shrine Practice in Uganda’s Long Eighteenth Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 397-443
Author(s):  
David L. Schoenbrun
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Core ◽  
Long Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Language Region ◽  
Ethnic Formation ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century

Abstract:Many studies of ethnic formation find metaphors of descent at the core of largely masculinist discourse about belonging and difference. This study integrates the meaning, affect, and information-sharing prompted with the other-than-human beings – in particular, trees – enlisted during rhythmic assembly at an Island shrine in east Africa’s Inland Sea (Lake Victoria), in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Fostering ethnic identification there drew on lateral connections that crossed language, region, and standing without creating boundaries. A gendered discourse exceeding the masculine was likely indispensable to this sort of belonging. The beginning of a long period of bellicose state expansionism and the deep history of public healing in the region framed these developments.

Reframing the Sciences of the Long Eighteenth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Giuliano Pancaldi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
Past Half

Here I survey a sample of the essays and reviews on the sciences of the long eighteenth century published in this journal since it was founded in 1969. The connecting thread is some historiographic reflections on the role that disciplines—in both the sciences we study and the fields we practice—have played in the development of the history of science over the past half century. I argue that, as far as disciplines are concerned, we now find ourselves a bit closer to a situation described in our studies of the long eighteenth century than we were fifty years ago. This should both favor our understanding of that period and, hopefully, make the historical studies that explore it more relevant to present-day developments and science policy. This essay is part of a special issue entitled “Looking Backward, Looking Forward: HSNS at 50,” edited by Erika Lorraine Milam.

The Oxford History of Protestant Dissenting Traditions, Volume II

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Protestant Christianity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Degree Of Acceptance ◽  
Missionary Societies ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
British State ◽  
The Relationship

This volume charts the development of protestant Dissent between the passing of the Toleration Act (1689) and the repealing of the Test and Corporation Acts (1828). The long eighteenth century was a period in which Dissenters slowly moved from a position of being a persecuted minority to achieving a degree of acceptance and, eventually, full political rights. The first part of the volume considers the history of various Dissenting traditions inside England. There are separate chapters devoted to Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Baptists, and Quakers—the denominations that traced their history before this period—and also to Methodists, who emerged as one of the denominations of ‘New Dissent’ during the eighteenth century. The second part explores the ways in which these traditions developed outside England. It considers the complexities of being a Dissenter in Wales and Ireland, where the state church was Episcopalian, as well as in Scotland, where it was Presbyterian. It also looks at the development of Dissent across the Atlantic, where the relationship between Church and state was rather more loose. The third part is devoted to revivalist movements and their impact, with a particular emphasis on the importance of missionary societies for spreading protestant Christianity from the late eighteenth century onwards. The fourth part looks at Dissenters’ relationship to the British state and their involvement in campaigns to abolish the slave trade. The final part discusses how Dissenters lived: the theology they developed and their attitudes towards Scripture; the importance of both sermons and singing; their involvement in education and print culture; and the ways in which they expressed their faith materially through their buildings.

Taste-Based Medicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
India Mandelkern
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
New Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Marketplace ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
Based Medicine

This essay examines the significance of gustation in the history of therapeutics as a shared anthropological inheritance that mediates human relationships with the natural world. Bringing together ancient Indian, Chinese, and Western medical cosmologies, I argue that our faith in the curative properties of certain tastes—or “taste-based medicine”—has been remarkably enduring. Focusing on elite English medical practitioners over the long eighteenth century, I demonstrate that “taste-based medicine” not only survived transformations within the English medical marketplace and the rise of the “new science,” but actively mobilized debates about the constitution of expertise and who should have access to it.

scholarly journals The origin and theological content of the Litany of the Most Holy Name of Jesus

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-179
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Popular Piety ◽  
The Core ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Church ◽  
Mutual Communication

The article presents the sources, origin and theology of the Litany to the Holy Name of Jesus. The rst part shows the mystery of names. It is the symbolism of man and the process of mutual communication that is the core. Names are the living souls of every being. Thanks to names, human beings are not anonymous. In ancient times, names would never be overlooked as insigni cant conventional terms as they had a meaningful part in the role that a given being took on in the uni- verse. The name has a meaning and is treated as a kind of a spiritual substance, as something real, something that truly exists. The sources of Jesus’ titles present in the Litany to the Name of Jesus are the Holy Scriptures, the writings of the Fathers of the Church and popular piety. The Litany to the Holy Name of Jesus shows the richness of the content in the Name of Jesus, which contains the truth about His deity and His in nite love for the whole of creation and especially for every human being. The Litany is a summary of the entire history of salvation, in which the name of Jesus became “a name above all names” (see Flp 2: 8-11).

News, Biography, and Eighteenth-Century Celebrity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New Media ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
News Writing ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
Key Aspects

Celebrity was not invented in the eighteenth century, but it was transformed by the new publics, and the new media that emerged to cultivate and maintain these publics, from the mid-seventeenth until the later eighteenth centuries. Celebrity is therefore best understood as a certain kind of fame rather than a phase in the history of fame. Contemporaneity, publicity, and personality are key aspects of the kind of fame one may identify as celebrity. This chapter argues that attention to genre in the process of celebrity formation makes it possible to distinguish between regimes of fame as constituted by the media available and the ways in which public personalities were variously constructed. Two genres were particularly influential in shaping the development of the new celebrity of the long eighteenth century: news writing and life writing. The contributions of news and biography to eighteenth-century conceptions of celebrity are explored in detail.

scholarly journals Bossa Nova: the reinvention and reinvigoration of samba in the 1950s

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Martinus Helmiawan
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
The Core ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Bossa Nova ◽  
National Music

<p>In a society where music becomes the core of its people’s life, many discourses emerge and root in music. In Brazil, for instance, samba as the national music represents the chronicle of the Brazilians, which starts from the slavery in eighteenth century. However, at the start of the era of Brazil’s modernism in 1950s, samba was deemed stagnant. It was unable to cope with the fast developments of Brazil’s politics, societies, and cultures. This essay observes the history of samba, investigates the reasons why samba becomes stagnant and reviews the efforts made to revitalize it through the invention of Bossa Nova. In the process of redefining samba, American jazz plays an important role as the agent which brings modernity and revolution to the original samba. The ideology of the Brazilian urban middle class is also important, as well as Brazilian 1950s musicians’ efforts such as Antonio Carlos Jobim, Joao Gilberto, or Vinicius de Moraes. This paper aims to analyze Bossa Nova’s contributions in revitalizing and redefining samba, with its jazz influence which could be traced from the ideology of the Brazilian urban middle class. The paper also highlights the contradiction between foreign influences and traditional heritages in the music.</p>

scholarly journals Subjective practices of war: The Prussian army and the Zorndorf campaign, 1758

2020 ◽  
pp. 007327532095895
Author(s):  
Adam L. Storring
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Chance Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subjective Element ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Theory

This article integrates the history of military theory – and the practical history of military campaigns and battles – within the broader history of knowledge. Challenging ideas that the new natural philosophy of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (the so-called Scientific Revolution) fostered attempts to make warfare mathematically calculated, it builds on work showing that seventeenth- and eighteenth-century natural philosophy was itself much more subjective than previously thought. It uses the figure of King Frederick II of Prussia (reigned 1740–1786) to link theoretical with practical military knowledge, placing the military treatises read and written by the king alongside the practical example of the Prussian army’s campaign against the Russians in summer 1758 at the height of the Seven Years War (1756–1763), which culminated in the battle of Zorndorf. This article shows that both the theory and practice of war – like other branches of knowledge in the long eighteenth century – were fundamentally shaped by the contemporary search for intellectual order. The inability to achieve this in practice led to a reliance on subjective judgment and individual, local knowledge. Whereas historians have noted attempts in the eighteenth century to calculate probabilities mathematically, this article shows that war continued to be conceived as the domain of fortune, subject to incalculable chance. Answering Steven Shapin’s call to define concretely “the subjective element in knowledge-making,” the examples of Frederick and his subordinate, Lieutenant General Count Christoph zu Dohna, reveal sharply different contemporary ideas about how to respond to uncertainty in war. Whereas Dohna sought to be ready for chance events and react to them, Frederick actively embraced uncertainty and risk-taking, making chance both a rhetorical argument and a positive choice guiding strategy and tactics.

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