scholarly journals Antibiotic Overuse at Discharge in Hospitalized Patients with Bacteriuria or Treated for Pneumonia: A Multihospital Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s459-s461
Author(s):  
Valerie M Vaughn ◽  
Lindsay A. Petty ◽  
Tejal N. Gandhi ◽  
Keith S. Kaye ◽  
Anurag Malani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Emergency Department Visit ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Antibiotic Overuse ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Blue Shield

Background: Nearly half of hospitalized patients with bacteriuria or treated for pneumonia receive unnecessary antibiotics (noninfectious or nonbacterial syndrome such as asymptomatic bacteriuria), excess duration (antibiotics prescribed for longer than necessary), or avoidable fluoroquinolones (safer alternative available) at hospital discharge.1–3 However, whether antibiotic overuse at discharge varies between hospitals or is associated with patient outcomes remains unknown. Methods: From July 2017 to December 2018, trained abstractors at 46 Michigan hospitals collected detailed data on a sample of adult, non–intensive care, hospitalized patients with bacteriuria (positive urine culture with or without symptoms) or treated for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP; includes those with the disease formerly known as healthcare-associated pneumonia [HCAP]). Antibiotic prescriptions at discharge were assessed for antibiotic overuse using a previously described, guideline-based hierarchical algorithm.3 Here, we report the proportion of patients discharged with antibiotic overuse by the hospital. We also assessed hospital-level correlation (using Pearson’s correlation coefficient) between antibiotic overuse at discharge for patients with bacteriuria and patients treated for CAP. Finally, we assessed the association of antibiotic overuse at discharge with patient outcomes (mortality, readmission, emergency department visit, and antibiotic-associated adverse events) at 30 days using logit generalized estimating equations adjusted for patient characteristics and probability of treatment. Results: Of 17,081 patients (7,207 with bacteriuria; 9,874 treated for pneumonia), nearly half (42.2%) had antibiotic overuse at discharge (36.3% bacteriuria and 51.1% pneumonia). The percentage of patients discharged with antibiotic overuse varied 5-fold among hospitals from 14.7% (95% CI, 8.0%–25.3%) to 74.3% (95% CI, 64.2%–83.8%). Hospital rates of antibiotic overuse at discharge were strongly correlated between bacteriuria and CAP (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, 0.76; P ≤ .001) (Fig. 1). In adjusted analyses, antibiotic overuse at discharge was not associated with death, readmission, emergency department visit, or Clostridioides difficile infection. However, each day of overuse was associated with a 5% increase in the odds of patient-reported antibiotic-associated adverse events after discharge (Fig. 2). Conclusions: Antibiotic overuse at discharge was common, varied widely between hospitals, and was associated with patient harm. Furthermore, antibiotic overuse at discharge was strongly correlated between 2 disparate diseases, suggesting that prescribing culture or discharge processes—rather than disease-specific factors—contribute to overprescribing at discharge. Thus, discharge stewardship may be needed to target multiple diseases.Funding: This study was supported by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan and Blue Care Network.Disclosures: Valerie M. Vaughn reports contracted research for Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Michigan, the Department of VA, the NIH, the SHEA, and the APIC. She also reports receipt of funds from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Speaker’s Bureau, the CDC, the Pew Research Trust, Sepsis Alliance, and the Hospital and Health System Association of Pennsylvania.

scholarly journals Misdiagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection Linked to Misdiagnosis of Pneumonia: A Multihospital Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s488-s489
Author(s):  
Valerie M. Vaughn ◽  
Ashwin Gupta ◽  
Lindsay A. Petty ◽  
Tejal N. Gandhi ◽  
Scott A. Flanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
Pearson's Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Blue Shield

Background: Clinicians often diagnose bacterial infections such as urinary tract infection (UTI) and pneumonia in patients who are asymptomatic or have nonbacterial causes of their symptoms. Misdiagnosis of infection leads to unnecessary antibiotic use and potentially delays correct diagnoses. Interventions to improve diagnosis often focus on infections separately. However, if misdiagnosis is linked, broader interventions to improve diagnosis may be more effective. Thus, we assessed whether misdiagnosis of UTI and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) was correlated. Methods: From July 2017 to July 2019, abstractors at 46 Michigan hospitals collected data on a sample of adult, non–intensive care, hospitalized patients with bacteriuria (positive urine culture) or who were treated for presumed CAP (discharge diagnosis plus antibiotics). Patients with concomitant bacterial infections were excluded. Using a previously described method,1,2 patients were assessed for UTI or CAP based on symptoms, signs, and laboratory or radiology findings. Misdiagnosis of UTI was defined as patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) treated with antibiotics number of patients with bacteriuria Misdiagnosis of CAP was defined as patients treated for presumed CAP who did not have CAP number of patients treated for presumed CAP. Hospital-level correlation was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient between misdiagnosis of UTI and CAP. For patients with prescriber data (N = 3,293), we also assessed emergency department (ED)-level correlation. Results: Of 11,914 patients with bacteriuria, 31.9% (N = 3,796) had ASB. Of those, 2,973 of 3,796 (78.3%) received antibiotics. Of 14,085 patients treated for CAP, 1,602 (11.4%) did not have CAP. Incidence of misdiagnosis varied by hospital: those with high rates of misdiagnosis of UTI were more likely to have high rates of misdiagnosis of CAP (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, 0.58; P ≤ .001) (Fig. 1). Of 2,137 patients misdiagnosed with UTI, 1,159 (54.2%) had antibiotic treatment started in the ED; of those, 942 (81.3%) remained on antibiotics on day 3 of hospitalization. Of 1,156 patients misdiagnosed with CAP, 871 (75.3%) had antibiotic therapy started in the ED, and 789 of these 871 patients (90.6%) were still on antibiotics on day 3 of hospitalization. Hospitals with high rates of UTI misdiagnosis in the ED were more likely to have high rates of CAP misdiagnosis in the ED (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, 0.33; P ≤ .001). Conclusions: Misdiagnosis of 2 unrelated infections was moderately correlated by hospital and weakly correlated by hospital ED. Potential causes include differences in organizational culture (eg, low tolerance for diagnostic uncertainty, emergency department culture), organizational initiatives (eg, sepsis, stewardship), or coordination between emergency and hospital medicine. Additionally, antibiotics initiated in the ED were typically continued following admission, potentially reflecting diagnosis momentum.Funding: This work was supported by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan and Blue Care Network.Disclosures: Valerie M. Vaughn reports contract research for Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Michigan, the Department of Veterans’ Affairs, the NIH, the SHEA, and the APIC. She also reports fees from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Speaker’s Bureau, the CDC, the Pew Research Trust, Sepsis Alliance, and The Hospital and Health System Association of Pennsylvania.

scholarly journals Adverse events following an emergency department visit

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J Forster ◽  
N. G W Rose ◽  
C. van Walraven ◽  
I. Stiell
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Emergency Department Visit

scholarly journals Real-World Effectiveness and Tolerability of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Ambulatory Patients with Early COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon J Webb ◽  
Whitney Buckel ◽  
Todd Vento ◽  
Allison M Butler ◽  
Nancy Grisel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Emergency Department Visit ◽  
Real World ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Ambulatory Patients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAb) are a promising therapy for early COVID-19, but effectiveness has not been confirmed in a real-world setting. Methods In this quasi-experimental pre-/post-implementation study, we estimated the effectiveness of MAb treatment within 7 days of symptom onset in high-risk ambulatory adults with COVID-19. The primary outcome was a composite of emergency department visit or hospitalization within 14 days of positive test. Secondary outcomes included adverse events and 14-day mortality. The average treatment effect in the treated for MAb therapy was estimated using inverse probability of treatment weighting and the impact of MAb implementation using propensity-weighted interrupted time series analysis. Results Pre-implementation (July-November, 2020), 7404 qualifying patients were identified. Post-implementation (December 2020-January 2021), 594 patients received MAb treatment and 5536 did not. The primary outcome occurred in 75 (12.6%) MAb recipients, 1018 (18.4%) contemporaneous controls and 1525 (20.6%) historical controls. MAb treatment was associated with decreased likelihood of emergency care or hospitalization, odds ratio 0.69 (95% CI 0.60-0.79). After implementation, the weighted probability that a given patient would require an emergency department visit or hospitalization decreased significantly (0.7% per day, 95% CI 0.03%-0.10%). Mortality was 0.2% (n=1) in the MAb group compared to 1.0% (n=71) and 1.0% (n=57) in pre- and post-implementation controls, respectively. Adverse events occurred in 7 (1.2%); 2 (0.3%) were considered serious. Conclusions MAb treatment of high-risk ambulatory patients with early COVID-19 was well-tolerated and likely effective at preventing the need for subsequent emergency department or hospital care.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Overuse After Hospital Discharge: A Multi-hospital Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie M Vaughn ◽  
Tejal N Gandhi ◽  
Vineet Chopra ◽  
Lindsay A Petty ◽  
Daniel L Giesler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Physician Behavior ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Antibiotic Overuse ◽  
Antibiotic Duration

Abstract Background Antibiotics are commonly prescribed to patients as they leave the hospital. We aimed to create a comprehensive metric to characterize antibiotic overuse after discharge among hospitalized patients treated for pneumonia or urinary tract infection (UTI), and to determine whether overuse varied across hospitals and conditions. Methods In a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients treated for pneumonia or UTI in 46 hospitals between 1 July 2017–30 July 2019, we quantified the proportion of patients discharged with antibiotic overuse, defined as unnecessary antibiotic use, excess antibiotic duration, or suboptimal fluoroquinolone use. Using linear regression, we assessed hospital-level associations between antibiotic overuse after discharge in patients treated for pneumonia versus a UTI. Results Of 21 825 patients treated for infection (12 445 with pneumonia; 9380 with a UTI), nearly half (49.1%) had antibiotic overuse after discharge (56.9% with pneumonia; 38.7% with a UTI). For pneumonia, 63.1% of overuse days after discharge were due to excess duration; for UTIs, 43.9% were due to treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria. The percentage of patients discharged with antibiotic overuse varied 5-fold among hospitals (from 15.9% [95% confidence interval, 8.7%–24.6%] to 80.6% [95% confidence interval, 69.4%–88.1%]) and was strongly correlated between conditions (regression coefficient = 0.85; P < .001). Conclusions Antibiotic overuse after discharge was common and varied widely between hospitals. Antibiotic overuse after discharge was associated between conditions, suggesting that the prescribing culture, physician behavior, or organizational processes contribute to overprescribing at discharge. Multifaceted efforts focusing on all 3 types of overuse and multiple conditions should be considered to improve antibiotic prescribing at discharge.

scholarly journals Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for COVID-19 in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary A Yetmar ◽  
Elena Beam ◽  
John C O’Horo ◽  
Ravindra Ganesh ◽  
Dennis M Bierle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Emergency Department Visit ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipients ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Abstract Background Bamlanivimab and casirivimab-imdevimab are authorized for emergency use treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in patients at high-risk for developing severe disease or hospitalization. Their safety and efficacy have not been specifically evaluated in solid organ transplant recipients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed solid organ transplant recipients who received monoclonal antibody infusion for COVID-19 at Mayo Clinic sites through January 23, 2021. Outcomes included emergency department visit, hospitalization, mortality, and allograft rejection. Results Seventy-three patients were treated, most commonly with bamlanivimab (75.3%). Median age was 59 years, 63% were male, and the median Charlson comorbidity index was 5. Transplant type included 41 kidney (56.2%), 13 liver (17.8%), 11 heart (15.1%), 4 kidney-pancreas (5.5%), 2 lung (2.7%), 1 heart-liver, and 1 pancreas. Eleven (15.1%) patients had an emergency department visit within 28 days of infusion, including 9 (12.3%) who were hospitalized for a median of 4 days. One patient required intensive care unit admission for a non-respiratory complication. No patients required mechanical ventilation, died, or experienced rejection. Ten adverse events occurred with one seeking medical evaluation. Hypertension was associated with hospital admission (p<.05) while other baseline characteristics were similar. Median time from symptom onset to antibody administration was 4 days in non-hospitalized patients compared to 6 days among hospitalized patients (p<.05). Conclusions Monoclonal antibody treatment has favorable outcomes with minimal adverse effects in solid organ transplant recipients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Earlier administration of monoclonal antibody therapies appears to be more efficacious.

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