Southern Blight of Perennial Swallowwort (Vincetoxicum spp.) in New York

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Pethybridge ◽  
Sean Murphy ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Jeromy Biazzo ◽  
Lindsey R. Milbrath
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Southern Blight ◽  
Vincetoxicum Rossicum ◽  
Local Aggregation ◽  
York County ◽  
Survival Studies ◽  
A Site

Pale swallowwort [Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar.] and black swallowwort [Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench] are invasive perennial viny milkweeds that have become prevalent across natural and managed habitats in northeastern North America. Southern blight of V. rossicum caused by the fungus, Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C. C. Tu & Kimbr., was reported at a New York county park in 2008, resulting in a decline in V. rossicum stands. The disease outbreak and persistence of the pathogen highlighted the potential of A. rolfsii for Vincetoxicum spp. control. To better characterize A. rolfsii’s pathogenicity and biology, we studied virulence to adult Vincetoxicum spp., spatiotemporal attributes of the Southern blight epidemic at the discovery site over four years, and sclerotial survival over two years. Disease incidence and severity were high for both Vincetoxicum spp. in misting chamber experiments. The spatiotemporal spread patterns of Southern blight in V. rossicum suggest the epidemic in the first year of monitoring (2016) was already highly aggregated and that subsequent spread was limited and resulted in significant local aggregation. Sclerotial survival studies at two locations (Pittsford and Ithaca, New York) demonstrated the A. rolfsii isolates can overwinter in upstate New York and are pathogenic to Vincetoxicum spp. the subsequent season. However, shallow burial of sclerotia more rapidly reduced survival compared with placement on the soil surface. Overwinter survival of A. rolfsii sclerotia in New York is notable as this pathogen is typically associated with sub-tropical and tropical regions. Broadcast applications of the pathogen would be needed for widespread Vincetoxicum control at a site, but even restricting releases to select locations would not prevent pathogen movement off-site via water or machinery. The known risks of the A. rolfsii isolate to other broadleaf plants in natural and agricultural settings suggest a low feasibility of use for the biological control of Vincetoxicum spp.

scholarly journals First Report of Southern Blight Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii on Laurustinus

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-310
Author(s):  
G. Polizzi ◽  
A. Vitale ◽  
G. Parlavecchio
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
First Report ◽  
Southern Blight ◽  
Soil Line ◽  
Sterile Needle ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
On Line ◽  
Polyethylene Bags

Laurustinus (Viburnum tinus L.), native to the Mediterranean Region, is an evergreen shrub commonly used as a specimen shrub or small tree or used in border plantings. During August 2003, a blight occurred on 2-year-old-plants of laurustinus growing in pots in a nursery in eastern Sicily (Italy). Disease incidence ranged from 2 to 5% across the field. Symptoms included 3 to 4 cm long lesions and the development of white mycelial strands and brown, 1.0 to 1.8 mm, nearly spherical sclerotia on the crown of plants at the soil line that are typical of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. The foliage of infected plants wilted, followed by a sudden collapse of the plant. The fungus was consistently isolated on acidified potato dextrose agar (PDA) (pH 4.5) by plating symptomatic tissues that were surface disinfested (1.2% NaOCl) for 1 min. and rinsed in sterile water. Pathogenicity tests were performed by sprinkling 50 sclerotia, obtained from infected oat kernels (2), on the soil surface around the collar of each of 10 healthy, potted 1-year-old plants of laurustinus. Five of the plants were previously wounded on the crown 1.5 cm above or below the soil line with a sterile needle. Five noninoculated plants served as controls. All plants were maintained at 25 ± 2°C and enclosed for 72 hr in polyethylene bags (90 to 95% relative humidity). Blight symptoms similar to those seen in nursery were observed on inoculated plants 20 to 25 days after inoculation, while no symptoms developed on control plants. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by reisolation of the fungus on acidified PDA from all infected laurustinus plants. S. rolfsii was previously recorded on Prague viburnum (Viburnum × pragense L.) as the causal agent of southern blight (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of southern blight caused by S. rolfsii on laurustinus. References: (1) A. Hagan. Southern blight on flowers, shrubs, and trees. On-line publication ANR-1157. Alabama A & M, and Auburn University ( www.aces.edu/dept/extcomm/publications/html ). (2) R. Rodriguez-Kabana et al. Plant Dis. Rep. 59:5, 1975.

Jazz Bubble

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Chapman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
First Century ◽  
Music Culture ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
A Site

Hailed by corporate, philanthropic, and governmental organizations as a metaphor for democratic interaction and business dynamics, contemporary jazz culture has a story to tell about the relationship between political economy and social practice in the era of neoliberal capitalism. The Jazz Bubble approaches the emergence of the neoclassical jazz aesthetic since the 1980s as a powerful, if unexpected, point of departure for a wide-ranging investigation of important social trends during this period. The emergence of financialization as a key dimension of the global economy shapes a variety of aspects of contemporary jazz culture, and jazz culture comments upon this dimension in turn. During the stateside return of Dexter Gordon in the mid-1970s, the cultural turmoil of the New York fiscal crisis served as a crucial backdrop to understanding the resonance of Gordon’s appearances in the city. The financial markets directly inform the structural upheaval that major label jazz subsidiaries must navigate in the music industry of the early twenty-first century, and they inform the disruptive impact of urban redevelopment in communities that have relied upon jazz as a site of economic vibrancy. In examining these issues, The Jazz Bubble seeks to intensify conversations surrounding music, culture, and political economy.

Does Medicaid expansion influence county health spending? A case of New York counties

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Shihyun Noh ◽  
Ji-Hyung Park
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Medicaid Expansion ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
York County ◽  
Uninsured Population

Abstract We investigated the impacts of Medicaid expansion on New York county total health spending and specifics of health spending, including health services, public health facilities and public health administration. Little research considered the financial effect of Medicaid expansion on local governments while well reported are its influences on uninsured rates and health services utilization. New York counties have contributed to health in their boundaries by providing or funding public health services, and supporting a part of the non-federal share of Medicaid expenditures and uncompensated care. Medicaid expansion can reduce the size of county expenditures for health by enrolling more previously uninsured population in the program and offering more generous federal funding for the expanded Medicaid. We offer empirical evidence that Medicaid expansion was associated with reduced county health spending.

scholarly journals Balancing Memory and Material at the Lower East Side Tenement Museum

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Gabrielle A. Berlinger
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Social History ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Lower East Side ◽  
East Side ◽  
The Public ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Time Capsule ◽  
A Site

Abstract: Founded in a nationally landmarked apartment building on the ever-gentrifying Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York, the Lower East Side Tenement Museum is an historic site of immigrant social history and material culture. Constructed in 1864 and occupied by over 7,000 immigrants until its closing in 1935, this building has withstood constantly rising visitorship each year since its opening as a museum in 1988. With apartment spaces restored for the public to explore without roped-off restriction, this time capsule of domestic immigrant life requires continual maintenance to preserve its historic physical fabric. Through interviews with the Museum staff and the Preservation Advisory Committee (conservators, architectural historians, curators), as well as documentation of technical processes carried out in the preservation process, this ethnographic study investigates the questions and compromises that arise in the preservation of the tangible and intangible heritage contained within an historic structure in constant use. Which narratives are reconstructed through the Museum’s decisions to restore certain material features of the building while allowing others to decay? What are best practices for interpretation and preservation when a museum’s success results in the gradual destruction of its main artifact (the building) through use? This study explores the intersection of museum mission and practice, heritage construction, and historic preservation at a site both sustained and destroyed by its increasing success.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Impact of Geographic Barriers on Provider Choice Evidence from New York County’s Health Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-45
Author(s):  
Lee Jae Bok ◽  
Roh Chul-young ◽  
Woolley Jonathan A
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
New York State ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Geographic Barriers ◽  
Health Market ◽  
York County ◽  
Using Data

Health services should be accessible regardless of citizens’ gender, age, race, or insurance type, and geographic barriers should not interfere with this access. This article aims to assess the heterogeneous impacts of geographic barriers on inpatients’ hospital choices and to examine whether they vary according inpatients’ socioeconomic or insurance status. Using data on providers and inpatients obtained from the New York State Bureau of Health Informatics Office of Quality and Patient Safety for New York County (New York City’s borough of Manhattan) for 2009, we employed a discrete choice model. Our findings reveal that geographic barriers limit inpatients’ choices of hospitals more when they are of low socioeconomic status.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING, MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-508
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
New York State ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Retrolental Fibroplasia ◽  
State Laws ◽  
York State ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
Health Nursing

APPEARANCE of "new diseases" is a phenomenon well known to observing pediatricians. When a new disease is first reported, there is often some doubt as to whether it is a separate entity, then a certain amount of hesitation while the definition and characteristics of the disease are being investigated, and finally a rush of increased diagnoses as the disease becomes more "popular" or is better understood. Very often therapy awaits elucidation of etiology, and, of course, therapy is not always successful. The problem of retrolental fibroplasia has constituted an interesting case in point which, while it has not followed all of the characteristics noted above, has certainly approached them. A recently published analysis of "The Rise and Fall of Retrolental Fibroplasia in New York State—A Preliminary Report" by Yankauer, Jacobziner, and Schneider (New York State J. Med., 56:1474, May 1, 1956), reviews in striking fashion the progress of the disease. In contrast to many reports of disease incidence, the paper from New York State is a model of care and precision. The authors point out that diagnosis and follow-up of this condition in New York State are encouraged by state laws regarding the care of the blind, as well as by the special programs for premature infants, which have been promoted by both the city and the state health departments. Furthermore, the reports on the disease have been carefully investigated and the fact of "popularity" mitigated by studying both the time at which the disease is reported in relation to the age of the child, and the evidence for confirmation of the diagnosis.

Mn-Mg disordering in cummingtonite: a high-temperature neutron powder diffraction study

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Reece ◽  
S. A. T. Redfern ◽  
M. D. Welch ◽  
C. M. B. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
New York ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Neutron Powder Diffraction ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
A Site

AbstractThe crystal structure of a manganoan cummingtonite, composition [M4](Na0.13Ca0.41Mg0.46Mn1.00) [M1,2,3](Mg4.87Mn0.13)(Si8O22)(OH)2, (Z = 2), a = 9.5539(2) Å, b = 18.0293(3) Å, c = 5.2999(1) Å, β = 102.614(2)° from Talcville, New York, has been refined at high temperature using in situ neutron powder diffraction. The P21/m to C2/m phase transition, observed as spontaneous strains +ε1 = −ε2, occurs at ˜107°C. Long-range disordering between Mg2+ and Mn2+ on the M(4) and M(2) sites occurs above 550°C. Mn2+ occupies the M(4) and M(2) sites preferring M(4) with a site-preference energy of 24.6±1.5 kJ mol−1. Disordering induces an increase in XMnM2 and decrease in XMnM4 at elevated temperatures. Upon cooling, the ordered states of cation occupancy are ‘frozen in’ and strains in lattice parameters are maintained, suggesting that re-equilibration during cooling has not taken place.

scholarly journals Differential Spread of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus in California and New York Vineyards

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cieniewicz ◽  
Madison Flasco ◽  
Melina Brunelli ◽  
Anuli Onwumelu ◽  
Alice Wise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Cabernet Franc ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Spread Dynamics ◽  
Initial Source

Limited information is available on the spread dynamics of grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV, genus Grablovirus, family Geminiviridae) in vineyards. In this study, we investigated red blotch disease progress in three vineyards with a disparate initial inoculum prevalence. Secondary spread was documented in Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet franc vineyards in California, but not in a Merlot vineyard in New York. Increase in annual disease incidence (4.8, 0.13, and 0%) was unrelated to the estimated initial source of inoculum at planting (1, 40, and 40%) in the Cabernet franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot vineyards, respectively. Limited genetic diversity of GRBV populations in newly infected vines supported localized spread in California vineyards, and suggested the planting material as the primary source of inoculum. Among the community of hemipteran insects visiting two of the three study vineyards, populations of Spissistilus festinus, the vector of GRBV, were absent in the Merlot vineyard and low in the Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard. Furthermore, all cover crop samples collected from GRBV-infected California vineyards each spring of 2016 to 2018, particularly legume species which are preferred hosts of S. festinus, tested negative for GRBV, suggesting a minimal role, if any, in GRBV spread as inoculum reservoirs. Together our findings illustrate differential disease progress in distinct vineyard ecosystems, and support the elimination of virus inoculum sources as an actionable disease management strategy across vineyards.

A site-based approach to delivering rangeland ecosystem services

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Brown ◽  
Neil MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Ecological Sites ◽  
Ecological Site ◽  
State And Transition Model ◽  
A Site

Rangeland ecosystems are capable of providing an array of ecosystem services important to the wellbeing of society. Some of these services (e.g. meat, fibre) are transported to markets and their quantity, quality and value are established via a set of widely accepted standards. Other services (e.g. climate mitigation, water quality, wildlife habitat) do not leave the land, but are, in fact, most valuable when they remain in situ. Determining their quantity, quality and value presents a challenge that must be met if there is to be a credible, accessible ecosystem services market for rangelands. In this paper we describe some of the ecosystem services that may be extracted from rangelands, discuss their unique ecological nature and relate those unique ecological properties to soil and vegetation attributes that can serve as a basis for measurement, both quality and quantity. We suggest the use of a soil/vegetation-based system in which similar climate, geomorphology and edaphic properties are grouped into ecological sites based on their response to disturbance. Within each ecological site, a unique state and transition model describes the dynamics of vegetation and soil surface properties, provides state indicators (vegetation structure, soil properties), predicts ecosystem services that may be derived at multiple scales, and organises information related to management to achieve ecosystem service objectives, including sustainability.

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