scholarly journals Heterogeneous Impact of Geographic Barriers on Provider Choice Evidence from New York County’s Health Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-45
Author(s):  
Lee Jae Bok ◽  
Roh Chul-young ◽  
Woolley Jonathan A
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
New York State ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Geographic Barriers ◽  
Health Market ◽  
York County ◽  
Using Data

Health services should be accessible regardless of citizens’ gender, age, race, or insurance type, and geographic barriers should not interfere with this access. This article aims to assess the heterogeneous impacts of geographic barriers on inpatients’ hospital choices and to examine whether they vary according inpatients’ socioeconomic or insurance status. Using data on providers and inpatients obtained from the New York State Bureau of Health Informatics Office of Quality and Patient Safety for New York County (New York City’s borough of Manhattan) for 2009, we employed a discrete choice model. Our findings reveal that geographic barriers limit inpatients’ choices of hospitals more when they are of low socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Birds in New York State Have Altered Their Migration Timing and Are Experiencing Different Thermal Regimes While Breeding or on Stopover from 2010 to 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Pudalov ◽  
Sydney Ziatek ◽  
Ana Gabriela Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
New York State ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
York County ◽  
Historical Temperature ◽  
Using Data

Migration represents a significant physiological challenge for birds, and increasing ambient temperatures due to global climate change may add to birds’ physiological burden during migration. We analyzed migration timing in a central New York county and two counties in the Adirondack region by using data from the citizen science network, eBird, and correlating it with historical temperature data. Species of birds sighted in Central NY (N=195) and the Adirondack region (N=199) were categorized into year-round residents and one- and two-stopover groupings based on eBird observations. Using linear regressions, we looked at various relationships between temperature and variables relating to birds’ migration across 2010–2015. Of the total 195 species used within this data in Central NY, 35 species showed some alteration in their migration timing or in the temperature regime they experienced while breeding or on migration stopover. In the Adirondack region, of the total 199 species used within this dataset, 43 species showed some alteration in their migration timing or experienced significantly colder or warmer temperatures while breeding or on migration stopover during 2010–2015. Additionally, many of the bird species affected by temperature changes in the state of New York and those that altered migration timing tended to be long-distance migrants.

Seeing Blue: A Police-Centered Explanation of Protest Policing

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Earl ◽  
Sarah Soule
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
State Repression ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Protest Policing ◽  
Public Protest ◽  
Police Presence ◽  
Using Data

Existing explanations of repression and the policing of protest focus on the interests of political elites, with research indicating that a chief predictor of state repression is the level of threat protesters pose to elite interests. However, prior research has only paid sporadic attention to how the institutional and organizational characteristics of local law enforcement agencies shape the character of protest policing. This article addresses this significant theoretical gap by developing a police-centered, or "blue," approach to protest policing. Using data on the policing of public protest events in New York State between 1968 and 1973, this article finds support for the blue approach. Specifically, the situational threats posed by protesters to those agents who actually perform repression-local police-are critical predictors of police presence and action. Results also show some residual support for the role of elite threats in structuring repression.

scholarly journals Moving Beyond the Influence of Neighbors on Policy Diffusion: Local Influences on Decisions to Conduct Property Tax Reassessment in New York

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Ho Eom ◽  
Hyunhoe Bae ◽  
Soojin Kim
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Policy Diffusion ◽  
New York State ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Adoption And Diffusion ◽  
Positive Inducements ◽  
Using Data

Over the past few decades, research on policy adoption and diffusion has grown rapidly. Despite the relatively large number of publications, however, little attention has been paid to the important question of why a policy is differently implemented or diffused across governments. To answer this question and improve our understanding of local policy choice beyond widely cited neighboring influences, we closely examine the roles of three main policy actors—internal actors, external actors, and go-betweens—in the local policy diffusion process, drawing particularly upon property tax reassessment scenarios. In addition, we focus on nested institutional arrangements, including form of government and type of property tax assessor, that affect the policy decisions of internal actors. Using data on cities and towns in New York State for 1993-2010, we estimate event history models of property tax reassessment activities. Our findings reveal that regional interactions with neighbors that have already adopted the policy and top-down go-betweens through positive inducements can help facilitate property tax reassessment across municipalities. Reformed municipal governments in the council-manager form, along with appointed assessors, are also most likely to adopt reassessment policy frequently, compared with other institutional arrangements. Overall, this study advances the policy diffusion literature by exploring the roles of different influences through a more detailed, broader approach.

scholarly journals Network analysis of medical care services

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 1631-1658
Author(s):  
Jerome Niyirora ◽  
Ossayne Aragones
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
New York State ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Patterns Of Care ◽  
Clinical Protocols ◽  
York State ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Using Data

Medical care services can be organized into a network. Understanding the structure of this network cannot only help analyze common clinical protocols but can also help reveal previously unknown patterns of care. The objective of this research is to introduce the concept and methods for constructing and analyzing the network of medical care services. We start by demonstrating how to build the network itself and then develop algorithms, based on principal component analysis and social network analysis, to detect communities of services. Finally, we propose novel graphical techniques for representing and assessing patterns of care. We demonstrate the application of our algorithms using data from an Emergency Department in New York State. One of the implications of our research is that clinical experts could use our algorithms to detect deviations from either existing protocols of care or administrative norms.

Early Marriage in Taiwan: Evidence From Panel Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (14) ◽  
pp. 1989-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsui-o Tai ◽  
Chin-Chun Yi ◽  
Chia-Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Career Trajectories ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Taiwanese People ◽  
To Come ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the TYP (Taiwan Youth Project) panel survey, we examine factors associated with early marriages in Taiwan and the subsequent risks for negative outcomes in family life and career trajectories. About 7% of Taiwanese people marry early, that is, before the age of 28 years. Among those who marry early, more than 60% report the birth of a child within the first 8 months of marriage (i.e., they form postconception “shotgun” marriages). Compared with the never married respondents, individuals in both preconception and postconception early marriages are likely to come from families of low socioeconomic status. Nonworking young adults and those experiencing parental divorce or parental death during adolescence are at higher risk of entering postconception marriages than those remaining single. Particularly for nonemployed young people and those from lower socioeconomic status background, early marriage means taking on adult responsibilities in a disadvantaged state.

scholarly journals Prediction of Length of Stay Following Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

ISRN Surgery ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdissa Negassa ◽  
E. Scott Monrad
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
New York State ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Using Data

There have been published risk stratification approaches to predict complications following percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). However, a formal assessment of such approaches with respect to predicting length of stay (LOS) is lacking. Therefore, we sought to assess the performance of, an easy-to-use, tree-structured prognostic classification model in predicting LOS among patients with elective PCI. The study is based on the New York State PCI database. The model was developed on data for 1999-2000, consisting of 67,766 procedures. Validation was carried out, with respect to LOS, using data for 2001-2002, consisting of 79,545 procedures. The risk groups identified by the model exhibited a strong progressively increasing relative risk pattern of longer LOS. The predicted average LOS ranged from 3 to 9 days. The performance of this model was comparable to other published risk scores. In conclusion, the tree-structured prognostic classification is a model which can be easily applied to aid practitioners early on in their decision process regarding the need for extra resources required for the management of more complicated patients following PCI, or to justify to payors the extra costs required for the management of patients who have required extended observation and care after PCI.

scholarly journals To mask or not to mask: Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen E. Eikenberry ◽  
Marina Mancuso ◽  
Enahoro Iboi ◽  
Tin Phan ◽  
Keenan Eikenberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
General Public ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
New York State ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Epidemic Dynamics ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFace mask use by the general public for limiting the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is controversial, though increasingly recommended, and the potential of this intervention is not well understood. We develop a compartmental model for assessing the community-wide impact of mask use by the general, asymptomatic public, a portion of which may be asymptomatically infectious. Model simulations, using data relevant to COVID-19 dynamics in the US states of New York and Washington, suggest that broad adoption of even relatively ineffective face masks may meaningfully reduce community transmission of COVID-19 and decrease peak hospitalizations and deaths. Moreover, mask use decreases the effective transmission rate in nearly linear proportion to the product of mask effectiveness (as a fraction of potentially infectious contacts blocked) and coverage rate (as a fraction of the general population), while the impact on epidemiologic outcomes (death, hospitalizations) is highly nonlinear, indicating masks could synergize with other non-pharmaceutical measures. Notably, masks are found to be useful with respect to both preventing illness in healthy persons and preventing asymptomatic transmission. Hypothetical mask adoption scenarios, for Washington and New York state, suggest that immediate near universal (80%) adoption of moderately (50%) effective masks could prevent on the order of 17–45% of projected deaths over two months in New York, while decreasing the peak daily death rate by 34–58%, absent other changes in epidemic dynamics. Even very weak masks (20% effective) can still be useful if the underlying transmission rate is relatively low or decreasing: In Washington, where baseline transmission is much less intense, 80% adoption of such masks could reduce mortality by 24–65% (and peak deaths 15–69%), compared to 2–9% mortality reduction in New York (peak death reduction 9–18%). Our results suggest use of face masks by the general public is potentially of high value in curtailing community transmission and the burden of the pandemic. The community-wide benefits are likely to be greatest when face masks are used in conjunction with other non-pharmaceutical practices (such as social-distancing), and when adoption is nearly universal (nation-wide) and compliance is high.

scholarly journals Methods of Tracking Newborns: New York State Zika Pregnancy and Infant Registry, 2015–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra S. Alaali ◽  
Nicole D. Longcore ◽  
Pauline Santos ◽  
Viola H. Glaze ◽  
Nina Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Information System ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
New York State ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
York State ◽  
Newborn Hearing ◽  
Using Data

Objectives. To describe methods employed to track infants enrolled in the New York State Zika Pregnancy and Infant Registry (NYSZPIR) and demonstrate the benefits of population databases to improve the process. Methods. We used patient medical records and provider outreach, New York State Immunization Information System (NYSIIS), and New York State Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Information System (NYEHDI-IS) to gather medical information. We used descriptive statistics to summarize variables and the McNemar test to determine statistical significance (P < .05). Results. We identified 109 live births from NYSZPIR mothers. Provider information was documented for 106 (97.2%) infants in NYSIIS compared with 72 (66.1%) through chart review. Collected results of newborn hearing screening increased from 82 (75.2%) to 106 (97.2%) using NYEHDI-IS. The amount of data obtained was significantly higher (P < .001) when including NYSIIS and NYEHDI-IS compared with using medical records alone. Conclusions. Public health surveillance systems can be used to track infants using data sources such as NYSIIS and NYEHDI-IS in addition to traditional methods. Using medical records alone is inadequate for locating and tracking infants and may result in high lost to follow-up rates.

scholarly journals The Economic Impact of bGH on the New York State Dairy Sector: Comparative Static Results

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Magrath ◽  
Loren W. Tauer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Output Curve ◽  
York State ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Technology Policies ◽  
Production Effects

The price and quantity effects of a forthcoming biotechnology product, bovine growth hormone (bGH), are explored in a simple partial equilibrium model. The model is based on previous theoretical work on technological change but is developed in terms of a sector output. A particular output curve is estimated using data from a random sample of New York State dairy farms. Information on the farm level production effects of bGH is used to shift the output curve and to solve for equilibrium levels of price and output. The model projects the bGH may lead to the exit of 5,400 New York dairy farms and a 20 percent reduction in herd size. Consumers will benefit from an approximately 30 percent drop in milk price. The effect on gradual diffusion of bGH on farm numbers is considered. To accommodate this technology policies encouraging an orderly transfer of resources out of the dairy sector should be examined.

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