scholarly journals A rapid review investigating the potential impact of a pandemic on the mental health of young people aged 12–25 years

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
A. O’Reilly ◽  
M. Tibbs ◽  
A. Booth ◽  
E. Doyle ◽  
B. McKeague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Young People ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreak ◽  
Potential Impact

Abstract Objectives: In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. Adolescence and early adulthood are peak times for the onset of mental health difficulties. Exposure to a pandemic during this vulnerable developmental period places young people at significant risk of negative psychological experiences. The objective of this research was to summarise existing evidence on the potential impact of a pandemic on the mental health of 12–25 year olds. Methods: A rapid review of the published peer-reviewed literature, published between 1985 and 2020, using PsycINFO (Proquest) and Medline (Proquest) was conducted. Narrative synthesis was used across studies to identify key themes and concepts. Results: This review found 3,359 papers, which was reduced to 12 papers for data extraction. Results regarding the prevalence of psychological difficulties in youth were mixed, with some studies finding this group experience heightened distress during an infectious disease outbreak, and others finding no age differences or higher distress among adults. Gender, coping, self-reported physical health and adoption of precautionary measures appear to play a role in moderating the psychological impact of an infectious disease outbreak. Most studies were conducted after the peak of an epidemic/pandemic or in the recovery period. Conclusions: More longitudinal research with young people, particularly adolescents in the general population, before and during the early stages of an infectious disease outbreak is needed to obtain a clear understanding of how best to support young people during these events.

scholarly journals Support for families of isolated or deceased COVID-19 patients in sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205510292097529
Author(s):  
Francky Teddy Endomba ◽  
Guy Sadeu Wafeu ◽  
Arnauld Efon-Ekangouo ◽  
Linda Djune-Yemeli ◽  
Cyrille Donfo-Azafack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreak ◽  
Cultural Considerations ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Substantial Interest

Aside the direct effect of the COVID-19 on infected patients, this infectious disease outbreak has various psychological consequences. These mental health repercussions pertain to the general population of uninfected individuals, and particularly families of isolated or deceased COVID-19 patients. This aspect is of substantial interest amid sub-Saharan African communities, considering the key place and cultural significance of mourning and funerals in these settings. In this commentary, we discuss on the issue of psychological and social support of COVID-19 patients’ families, by taking into account some sub-Saharan African cultural considerations.

scholarly journals Allocation of intensive care resources during an infectious disease outbreak: a rapid review to inform practice

BMC Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten M. Fiest ◽  
Karla D. Krewulak ◽  
Kara M. Plotnikoff ◽  
Laryssa G. Kemp ◽  
Ken Kuljit S. Parhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreak ◽  
Ethical Frameworks

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has placed sustained demand on health systems globally, and the capacity to provide critical care has been overwhelmed in some jurisdictions. It is unknown which triage criteria for allocation of resources perform best to inform health system decision-making. We sought to summarize and describe existing triage tools and ethical frameworks to aid healthcare decision-making during infectious disease outbreaks. Methods We conducted a rapid review of triage criteria and ethical frameworks for the allocation of critical care resources during epidemics and pandemics. We searched Medline, EMBASE, and SCOPUS from inception to November 3, 2020. Full-text screening and data abstraction were conducted independently and in duplicate by three reviewers. Articles were included if they were primary research, an adult critical care setting, and the framework described was related to an infectious disease outbreak. We summarized each triage tool and ethical guidelines or framework including their elements and operating characteristics using descriptive statistics. We assessed the quality of each article with applicable checklists tailored to each study design. Results From 11,539 unique citations, 697 full-text articles were reviewed and 83 articles were included. Fifty-nine described critical care triage protocols and 25 described ethical frameworks. Of these, four articles described both a protocol and ethical framework. Sixty articles described 52 unique triage criteria (29 algorithm-based, 23 point-based). Few algorithmic- or point-based triage protocols were good predictors of mortality with AUCs ranging from 0.51 (PMEWS) to 0.85 (admitting SOFA > 11). Most published triage protocols included the substantive values of duty to provide care, equity, stewardship and trust, and the procedural value of reason. Conclusions This review summarizes available triage protocols and ethical guidelines to provide decision-makers with data to help select and tailor triage tools. Given the uncertainty about how the COVID-19 pandemic will progress and any future pandemics, jurisdictions should prepare by selecting and adapting a triage tool that works best for their circumstances.

scholarly journals Mobile-based and open-source case detection and infectious disease outbreak management systems: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei Yavlinsky ◽  
Swaib A. Lule ◽  
Rachel Burns ◽  
Alimuddin Zumla ◽  
Timothy D. McHugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreak ◽  
Outbreak Management ◽  
Sub Saharan

In this paper we perform a rapid review of existing mobile-based, open-source systems for infectious disease outbreak data collection and management. Our inclusion criteria were designed to match the PANDORA-ID-NET consortium’s goals for capacity building in sub-Saharan Africa, and to reflect the lessons learned from the 2014–16 West African Ebola outbreak. We found eight candidate systems that satisfy some or most of these criteria, but only one (SORMAS) fulfils all of them. In addition, we outline a number of desirable features that are not currently present in most outbreak management systems.

scholarly journals What factors influence symptom reporting during an emerging infectious disease outbreak? A rapid review of the evidence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Carter ◽  
Odette Megnin-Viggars ◽  
Gideon James Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Symptom Reporting ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreak ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
Informative Communication

Introduction During any emerging infectious disease outbreak, people with symptoms of the illness are often asked to report their symptoms to the health service in a timely manner, to facilitate contract tracing. Numerous factors may influence an individuals willingness to report these symptoms. Understanding these factors has become urgent during the COVID-19 pandemic Objective To determine which factors influence symptom reporting during an emerging infectious disease outbreak Methods We conducted a rapid review of the evidence. We included papers based on primary research, published in peer-reviewed journals, written in English, included factors associated with symptom reporting or accessing healthcare, and related to a major public health incident involving an infectious disease outbreak Results Five themes were identified as facilitators of symptom reporting or accessing healthcare (accurate and informative communication, symptom severity, concern about exposure, ease of access, and relationship with the healthcare provider). Seven themes were identified as barriers of symptom reporting or accessing healthcare (lack of knowledge, fear, stigmatization, invasion of privacy, low concerns about symptoms, economics, and practicalities of attending a healthcare facility) Discussion If contract tracing services are to be effective, members of the public need to have the capability, opportunity and motivation to use them. The themes identified should be used to evaluate the information provided to the public about such a service, the routes of access, and the underlying polices relating to the service, in order to ensure that as many people as possible with relevant symptoms will make contact

scholarly journals Factors associated with psychological distress in health-care workers during an infectious disease outbreak: A rapid living systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuschia M Sirois ◽  
Janine Owens
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreak ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Care Workers

Background: Health-care workers (HCW) are at risk for psychological distress during an infectious disease outbreak due to the demands of dealing with a public health emergency. Aims: To examine the factors associated with psychological distress among HCW during an outbreak. Method: We conducted a rapid review of the factors associated with psychological distress (demographic characteristics, occupational, social, psychological, and infection-related factors) in HCW during an outbreak (COVID-19, SARS, MERS, H1N1, H7N9, Ebola). Four electronic databases (Medline, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and the first 10 pages of Google Scholar) were searched (2000 to 10 July 2020) for relevant peer-reviewed research with a sample size >80. Results: From the 3335 records identified, 52 with data from 54,800 HCW were included. All but two studies were cross-sectional. Consistent evidence indicated that being female, a nurse, experiencing stigma, maladaptive coping, having contact or risk for contact with infected patients, and being quarantined, were risk factors for psychological distress among HCW. Personal and organisational social support, perceiving control, positive work attitudes, sufficient information about the outbreak and proper protection, training and resources, were associated with less psychological distress. Conclusions: This review highlighted the profiles of HCW who may be most at risk for psychological distress during an outbreak as well as several potential targets for interventions to reduce distress. More research is needed to track the associations of these factors with distress over time and the extent to which certain factors are inter-related and linked to sustained or transient distress.

Psychological/psychiatric impact of the novel coronavirus outbreak: lessons learnt from China and call for timely crisis interventions in Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Zeppegno ◽  
Carla Gramaglia ◽  
Chiara Guerriero ◽  
Fabio Madeddu ◽  
Raffaella Calati
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress

Background: The World Health Organization declared the Corona Virus Disease 19 (Covid-19) a pandemic in March 2020. Psychological impact of Covid-19 can be consisent and should be prevented with adequate measures. Methods: We performed a literature mini review searching for studies in PubMed focusing on the psychological/psychiatric impact of Covid-19.Results: The selection process yielded 34 papers focusing on the relation between Covid-19 and mental health: 9 correspondence, 8 letters to the editor, 7 commentaries, 3 editorials, 4 original studies, 2 brief reports, and 1 a rapid review. The majority of the articles were performed in China. They focused on the general population and particular categories considered more fragile, e.g., psychiatric patients, older adults, international migrant workers, homeless people. Authors are unanimous in believing that Covid-19 will likely increase the risk of mental health problems and worsen existing psychiatric disorders/symptoms in patients, exposed subjects, and staff. Together with the negative emotionality related to the unpredictability of the situation, uncertainty concerning the risk, excessive fear, fear of death, loneliness, guilt, stigma, denial, anger, frustration, boredome, some symptoms might appear such as insomnia until patophobia (specifically, coronaphobia), depressive and anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicidal risk.Limitations: Literature is rapidly increasing and present results are only partial. Conclusions: Mental health care should not be overlooked in this moment. The experience of China should be of help for all the countries facing with Covid-19, among them Italy.

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