scholarly journals Oral supplementations of betaine, choline, creatine and vitamin B6 and their influence on the development of homocysteinaemia in neonatal piglets

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Édith Côté-Robitaille ◽  
Christiane L. Girard ◽  
Frédéric Guay ◽  
J. Jacques Matte
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Immune Competence ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Suckling Piglets

AbstractHomocysteine (Hcy) is an intermediary sulphur amino acid recognised for pro-oxidative properties in several species which may weaken immune competence in piglets. In this species, there is an acute 10-fold increase of concentrations of plasma Hcy (pHcy) during the first 2 weeks of life. The present experiment aimed to determine if pHcy in piglets can be regulated by oral supplementations of betaine as a methyl group supplier, creatine for reducing the demand for methyl groups, choline with both previous functions and vitamin B6 as enzymic co-factor for Hcy catabolism. A total of seventeen sows (second parity) were fed gestation and lactation diets supplemented with folic acid (10 mg/kg) and vitamin B12 (150 µg/kg). Eight piglets in each litter received daily one of the eight following oral treatments (mg/kg body weight): (1) control (saline); (2) betaine (50); (3) choline (70); (4) creatine (300); (5) pyridoxine (0·2); (6) treatments 2 and 5; (7) treatments 3 and 4; and (8) treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5. According to age, pHcy increased sharply from 2·48 µm at birth to 17·96 µm at 21 d of age (P < 0·01). Concentrations of pHcy tended to be lower (P = 0·09) in treated than in control piglets but the highest and sole pairwise significant decrease (23 %) was observed between treatments 1 and 8 (P = 0·03). Growth from birth to 21 d of age was not influenced by treatments (P > 0·70). Therefore, it appears possible to reduce pHcy concentrations in suckling piglets but a combination of all chosen nutrients is required.

EXCRETION OF 4(5)-AMINO-5(4)-IMIDAZOLECARBOXAMIDE AND FORMIMINO-L-GLUTAMIC ACID IN FOLIC ACID AND VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENT RATS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1367-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. McGeer ◽  
N. P. Sen ◽  
D. A. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Urocanic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Acid Load ◽  
Deficient Group

The excretion of 4(5)-amino-5(4)-imidazolecarboxamide (AIC) in the urines of normal rats, rats raised on a folic acid deficient diet, and rats raised on a vitamin B12 deficient diet was measured. The AIC excretion was elevated 3-fold above normal in the B12 deficient group and 1.5-fold above normal in the folic acid deficient group.No evidence could be found that the raised AIC excretion was associated with a block in the conversion of AIC to purines. The recovery of radioactive AIC in the urine after an intraperitoneal dose of 2 μmoles AIC per kg was not increased over normal in any of the deficient groups, and was significantly less than normal in the B12-deficient group. Most of the urinary radioactivity in all groups was in allantoin, uric acid, and purines.When a load of 220 μmoles of AIC per kg was administered there was no difference between the vitamin B12 deficient and the normal groups in AIC recovery in the urine. When a load of 220 μmoles of urocanic acid per kg was administered, however, the B12-deficient group had an 18-fold increase over normal in Figlu excretion, and the folic acid deficient group a 17-fold increase. Thus, a substantial block in formimino-L-glutamic acid (Figlu) metabolism, but not in AIC metabolism, existed in the vitamin-deficient groups.Feeding a B12-deficient group a 2% methionine supplement reduced the Figlu excretion after a urocanic acid load to less than half that observed in B12-deficient groups without methionine supplementation, but had no influence on the AIC excretion.

Rs6586282 of the CBS Gene: Its Lack of Eff ect on Homocysteine Concentrations, and Interaction Eff ects on Body Weight in Elderly Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Agata Chmurzynska ◽  
Anna M. Malinowska ◽  
Jolanta Twardowska-Rajewska ◽  
Jan Gawecki
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters

Abstract.The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of the rs6586282 polymorphism of the cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) gene, and of the intake of B vitamins on anthropometric parameters, tHcy levels, and lipoprotein levels in women over 60 years of age. 122 volunteers were supplemented with 400 μg/day folic acid for 8 weeks. The intake of B vitamins above the median value was associated with lower levels of blood biomarkers: folate with tHcy post supplementation (6.21 ± 0.24 μM vs 7.11 ± 0.32 μM; p < 0.05), vitamin B6 with baseline triacylglycerol (TAG, 107.3 ± 5.5 mg/dL vs 127.2 ± 6.4 mg/dL; p < 0.05) and glucose (82.3 ± 1.1 mg/dL vs 86.9 ± 1.5 mg/dL; p < 0.05); and vitamin B12 with baseline TAG (106.8 ± 5.5 mg/dL vs 127.7 ± 6.3 mg/dL; p < 0.01). Women with a T allele consuming lower amounts of folate had higher body weight (72.3 ± 2.3 kg vs 64.0 ± 1.7 kg; p < 0.05), body mass index (28.7 ± 0.8 vs 25.2 ± 0.7; p < 0.05), waist (0.90 ± 0.02 m vs 0.82 ± 0.01 m; p < 0.01), and hip circumference (1.08 ± 0.02 vs 1.02 ± 0.01 m; p < 0.01) than the CC homozygotes. Intake of vitamin B6 or B12 may infl uence blood TAG and glucose concentrations in elderly women, but the rs6586282 polymorphism of the CBS gene does not alter either tHcy or the effectiveness of folic acid supplementation. The CBS SNP at rs6586282 may infl uence anthropometric parameters, though only in case of low folate intake.

PENICILLAMINE AND VITAMIN B6 INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN THE RAT

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1215-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Heddle ◽  
E. W. McHenry ◽  
G. H. Beaton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Wilson’S Disease ◽  
Wilson's Disease ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Transaminase Activity ◽  
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride ◽  
Antagonistic Effects

DL-Penicillamine administered in the diet at the 0.25% level produced a marked lowering of food intake and body weight. Using blood transaminase activities as criteria, a definite antagonism to vitamin B6 was demonstrated. The response of animals to the drug did not differ between sexes. Transaminase activity changes were apparent within 13 days of treatment. They were not the result of a reduced food intake. Administration of 800 μg of pyridoxine hydrochloride per 10 g of diet to animals receiving penicillamine approximated the maximal prevention of the effects of the drug upon food intake, body weight, and transaminase activity. The effects were not completely prevented by dosages of vitamin B6 as high as 2000 μg per 10 g of diet. Attention is drawn to the possible significance of these studies in the treatment of patients (Wilson's disease) with penicillamine. On the basis of extrapolations from the present studies in rats, 50 mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride might be expected to give near-maximal protection against possible vitamin B6-antagonistic effects of 1.5 g of DL-penicillamine.

BLOOD TRANSAMINASE ACTIVITIES IN VITAMIN B6 DEFICIENCY: EFFECT OF CONCURRENT THIAMINE AND RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCIES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Cheney ◽  
G. H. Beaton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Transaminase Activity ◽  
Liver Transaminase ◽  
Vitamin B6 Deficiency ◽  
Design Experiments ◽  
Concurrent Variation

Factorial design experiments in rats revealed that blood transaminase activity was sensitive to vitamin B6 dosage and was not affected by concurrent variation in riboflavin or thiamine administration.The blood transaminase activity was a better index of vitamin B6 nutritional status than was body weight response or liver transaminase activity. Similarly, erythrocyte transketolase activity was found to reflect thiamine dosage, and plasma riboflavin level to reflect riboflavin dosage, regardless of manipulation of pyridoxine dosage.

scholarly journals Folic acid and the methylation of homocysteine by Bacillus subtilis

1972 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Salem ◽  
J. R. Pattison ◽  
M. A. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Methionine Biosynthesis ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Methyl Transfer ◽  
Independent Reaction

1. Cell-free extracts of Bacillus subtilis synthesize methionine from serine and homocysteine without added folate. The endogenous folate may be replaced by tetrahydropteroyltriglutamate or an extract of heated Escherichia coli for the overall C1 transfer, but tetrahydropteroylmonoglutamate is relatively inactive. 2. Extracts of B. subtilis contain serine transhydroxymethylase and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, which are non-specific with respect to the glutamate content of the folate substrates. Methyl transfer to homocysteine requires a polyglutamate folate as methyl donor. These properties are not affected by growth of the organism with added vitamin B12. 3. The synthesis of methionine from 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate and homocysteine has the characteristics of the cobalamin-independent reaction of E. coli. No evidence for a cobalamin-dependent transmethylation was obtained. 4. S-Adenosylmethionine was not a significant precursor of the methyl group of methionine with cell-free extracts, neither was S-adenosylmethionine generated by methylation of S-adenosylhomocysteine by 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. 5. A procedure for the isolation and analysis of folic acid derivatives from natural sources is described. 6. The folates isolated from lysozyme extracts of B. subtilis are sensitive to folic acid conjugase. One has been identified as 5-formyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate; the other is possibly a diglutamate folate. 7. A sequence is proposed for methionine biosynthesis in B. subtilis in which methyl groups are generated from serine and transferred to homocysteine by means of a cobalamin-independent pathway mediated by conjugated folate coenzymes.

scholarly journals Effects of oestradiol and vitamin B6 on tryptophan metabolism in the rat: implications for the interpretation of the tryptophan load test for vitamin B6 nutritional status

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolism ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Positional Isomers ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Tryptophan Oxygenase

1. The effects of the administration of oestradiol and vitamin B6 on tryptophan metabolism in the rat have been assessed by measurement of the release of 14CO2 from [14C]tryptophan, in vivo, in order to determine whether, and to what extent, the abnormalities of tryptophan metabolism that are associated with oestrogen administration can be attributed to drug-induced vitamin B6 deficiency or depletion. Two positional isomers of [14C]tryptophan have been used; [ring-2-14C]tryptophan as an index of the activity of tryptophan oxygenase (L-tryptophan: oxygen oxidoreductase (decyclizing), EC 1.13.11.11) and [methylene-14C]trytophan as an index of the activity of kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase, EC 3.7.1.3).2. The administration of 500 μg oestradiol/kg body-weight led to a reduction in the release of 14CO2 from both positional isomers of tryptophan, suggesting that the activities of both tryptophan oxygenase and kynureninase are reduced following oestrogen treatment. The kinetics of the release of 14CO2 from [methylene-14C]tryptophan after the administration of oestradiol were compatible with competitive inhibition of kynureninase by oestradiol or a metabolite.3. The administration of 10 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride/kg body-weight also reduced the production of 14CO2 from both positional isomers of 14C]tryptophan, suggesting some toxicity of such a high dose of the vitamin.4. In animals which had received the supplementary dose of vitamin B6, the administration of oestradiol led to further reduction in the production of 14CO2 from [ring-2-14C]tryptophan, suggesting a further reduction in the activity of tryptophan oxygenase, and an increase in the production of 14CO2 from [methylen-14C]tryptophan, but with a delay in the peak of production.5. These results confirm that there is no induction of tryptophan oxygenase by oestradiol, but rather reduced activity of the enzyme after the administration of a relatively high dose of the hormone. They also confirm that the inhibition of kynureninase by oestrogen metabolites that has been reported previously in partially-purified enzyme preparations also occurs in vivo.6. It is suggested that the abnormal results of the tryptophan load test that have been reported in women receiving oestrogens, and which have been interpreted as indicating some extent of drug-induced vitamin B6 deficiency, can be accounted for by the inhibition of tryptophan metabolism by oestrogens or their metabolites. Therefore it seems likely that the practice of administering supplements of vitamin B6 to women receiving oestrogens may not be appropriate, and indeed may exacerbate the changes in tryptophan metabolism that result from the administration of oestrogens. The tryptophan load test would appear to be unreliable as an index of vitamin B6 nutritional status in women receiving oestrogens.

scholarly journals Effect of methionine on the metabolic fate of liver folates in vitamin B12-deficient rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaretha Jågerstad ◽  
B. Åkesson ◽  
C. Fehling
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Primary Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Folate Metabolism ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
Tenfold Increase

1. Hepatocytes isolated from vitamin B12-deficient and vitamin B12-supplemented rats were maintained in primary culture and were used to study the effect of methionine on the metabolism of [3H]folic acid and [5-14C]methyltetrahydrofolic acid.2. Vitamin B12 levels were reduced by approximately 75% in the hepatocytes from the deficient animals. Total folate and methyltetrahydrofolic acid concentrations were also significantly reduced.3. There was no significanct difference in the uptake and retention of added [3H[folic acid and [5-14C]-methyltetrahydrofolic acid between the hepatocytes of the two groups. The incorporation of 14C into phospholipids was reduced by approximately 60% in the vitamin B12-deficient hepatocytes (P < 0.001).4. The addition of methionine to the culture medium doubled the uptake and retention of 3H in both groups, but it did not change the amount of water-soluble 14C Compounds. In the vitamin B12-deficient hepatocytes mainly methylated folate increased, whereas non-methylated folate increased in the hepatocytes of the control animals. A tenfold increase of 14C incorporated into phospholipids was found in both groups after methionine was added.5. Demethylation of methyltetrahydrofolic acid, the intracellular retention of folate and the utilization of liberated methyl groups, for example in the methylation of phospholipids, were highest in the presence of both methionine and vitamin B12 suggesting an intimate co-ordination between these two substances in the regulation of folate metabolism.

PENICILLAMINE AND VITAMIN B6 INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN THE RAT

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1215-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Heddle ◽  
E. W. McHenry ◽  
G. H. Beaton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Wilson’S Disease ◽  
Wilson's Disease ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Transaminase Activity ◽  
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride ◽  
Antagonistic Effects

DL-Penicillamine administered in the diet at the 0.25% level produced a marked lowering of food intake and body weight. Using blood transaminase activities as criteria, a definite antagonism to vitamin B6 was demonstrated. The response of animals to the drug did not differ between sexes. Transaminase activity changes were apparent within 13 days of treatment. They were not the result of a reduced food intake. Administration of 800 μg of pyridoxine hydrochloride per 10 g of diet to animals receiving penicillamine approximated the maximal prevention of the effects of the drug upon food intake, body weight, and transaminase activity. The effects were not completely prevented by dosages of vitamin B6 as high as 2000 μg per 10 g of diet. Attention is drawn to the possible significance of these studies in the treatment of patients (Wilson's disease) with penicillamine. On the basis of extrapolations from the present studies in rats, 50 mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride might be expected to give near-maximal protection against possible vitamin B6-antagonistic effects of 1.5 g of DL-penicillamine.

scholarly journals Effect of acetoacetate administration on urinary and tissue vitamin B6 in rats

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-707
Author(s):  
M. C. Nath ◽  
N. V. Shastri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Initial Dose ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Xanthurenic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Tissue Vitamin ◽  
Daily Intraperitoneal Injection

1. Experiments were undertaken to study the effect of daily intraperitoneal injection of acetoacetate for 90 days on vitamin B6 status in male albino rats. The initial dose of acetoacetate was 50 mg per kg body-weight, which was increased by 50 mg per kg body-weight every 15 days.2. Urinary excretion of vitamin B6 was found to decrease after 30 days in acetoacetatetreated rats. After 75 days urinary values of vitamin B6 were considerably lower in such rats than in the corresponding control rats.3. When acetoacetate injections were stopped after 90 days and the rats were fed L-tryptophan (100mg per rat), they were found to excrete significantly greater amounts of urinary kynurenine, hydroxykynurenine and xanthurenic acid than the corresponding controls.4. Blood and liver vitamin Be levels were found to be lower in rats treated with acetoacetate for 90 days than in the untreated rats.

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