Lateralisation abnormalities in obsessive–compulsive disorder: a line bisection study

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naren Prahlada Rao ◽  
Rashmi Arasappa ◽  
Nalini Narayana Reddy ◽  
Ganesan Venkatasubramanian ◽  
Janardhan Reddy Y.C.
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Line Bisection ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Cerebral Asymmetry ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Right Hemisphere Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Structure And Function

ObjectiveAsymmetry in brain structure and function is implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. Although right hemisphere abnormality has been documented in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), cerebral asymmetry is rarely examined. Therefore, in this study, we examined anomalous cerebral asymmetry in OCD patients using the line bisection task.MethodsA total of 30 patients with OCD and 30 matched healthy controls were examined using a reliable and valid two-hand line bisection (LBS) task. The comparative profiles of LBS scores were analysed using analysis of covariance.ResultsPatients with OCD bisected significantly less number of lines to the left and had significant rightward deviation than controls, indicating right hemisphere dysfunction. The correlations observed in this study suggest that those with impaired laterality had more severe illness at baseline.ConclusionsThe findings of this study indicate abnormal cerebral lateralisation and right hemisphere dysfunction in OCD patients.

scholarly journals Cortical thickness in obsessive–compulsive disorder: Multisite mega-analysis of 780 brain scans from six centres

2017 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Fouche ◽  
Stefan du Plessis ◽  
Coenie Hattingh ◽  
Annerine Roos ◽  
Christine Lochner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

BackgroundThere is accumulating evidence for the role of fronto-striatal and associated circuits in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) but limited and conflicting data on alterations in cortical thickness.AimsTo investigate alterations in cortical thickness and subcortical volume in OCD.MethodIn total, 412 patients with OCD and 368 healthy adults underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans. Between-group analysis of covariance of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes was performed and regression analyses undertaken.ResultsSignificantly decreased cortical thickness was found in the OCD group compared with controls in the superior and inferior frontal, precentral, posterior cingulate, middle temporal, inferior parietal and precuneus gyri. There was also a group x age interaction in the parietal cortex, with increased thinning with age in the OCD group relative to controls.ConclusionsOur findings are partially consistent with earlier work, suggesting that group differences in grey matter volume and cortical thickness could relate to the same underlying pathology of OCD. They partially support a frontostriatal model of OCD, but also suggest that limbic, temporal and parietal regions play a role in the pathophysiology of the disorder. The group x age interaction effects may be the result of altered neuroplasticity.

Clinical characteristics and treatment response in poor and good insight obsessive–compulsive disorder

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ravi Kishore ◽  
R. Samar ◽  
Y.C. Janardhan Reddy ◽  
C.R. Chandrasekhar ◽  
K. Thennarasu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Good Insight ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Correlates ◽  
Dsm Iv

AbstractThe DSM-IV criteria recognize the existence of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) with poor insight. However, there is paucity of literature on the clinical correlates and treatment response in poor and good insight OCD. In this study, insight is measured by using the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS) developed specifically to assess insight. One hundred subjects with DSM-IV OCD were ascertained from the OCD clinic of a large psychiatric hospital in India. All subjects were evaluated extensively by using structured instruments and established measures of psychopathology. The subjects were treated with adequate doses of drugs for adequate period. The results showed that 25% of the subjects had poor insight. Poor insight was associated with earlier age-at-onset, longer duration of illness, more number of obsessive–compulsive symptoms, more severe illness and higher comorbidity rate, particularly major depression. Of the subjects who were treated adequately (N = 73), 44 (60%) were treatment responders. Poor insight was associated with poor response to drug treatment. In the step-wise logistic regression analysis, baseline BABS score was highly predictive of poor treatment response. Poor insight appears to be associated with specific clinical correlates and poor response to drug treatment. Further studies are needed in larger samples to replicate our findings.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the Cognitive and Exposure Therapy in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hiva Mahmoodi ◽  
Hasan Gharibi ◽  
Mohamad Khaledian
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study was the investigation of the efficacy of the Cognitive and Exposure therapy on the treatment of obsessive- compulsive disorder. This study is experimental expanded with multiple group pre-test, post-test. The statistical population of this study are included all patients with OCD, referred to clinical centers, hospitals and private clinics and counseling centers in Saghez and Boukan citiesat the age of 40-20 years. The statistical sample of this study is included 45 patientswith Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Who were selected randomly. Cognitive therapy was administered for the first experimental group and the second experimental group receives exposure therapy while the control group received no treatment. Subscales Madsly questionnaire was usedfor data gathering for OCD. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and least significant difference test to compare scores differences between pretest - posttest variables in the experimental and control groups was used. Findings showed that Cognitive and Aversion Therapy on the control group has a significant impact on the improvement of obsession, check out, washing, slowness and obsessive doubts. The results showed that Whittal Cognitive Therapy more impact on the reduction of obsessions in comparsion with Exposure therapy.

No evidence for deficient set-shifting in obsessive-compulsive disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 153-153
Author(s):  
E. Fadda ◽  
S. Sottocorno ◽  
R. Martoni ◽  
E. Galimberti ◽  
L. Bellodi
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Information Sampling

IntroductionVarious neurocognitive deficits have been identified across several domains in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), including memory, response inhibition attentional processing and cognitive flexibility.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate Set Shifting in patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder compared with Healthy Controls (HC).Methods44 OCD patients, according to DSM-IV criteria (APA, 1994) and 32 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Information Sampling Task (IST) selected from Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) was administered to all participants to assess cognitive flexibility. The two IST versions were counterbalanced in the samples. Delta index has been calculated as the difference between the number of the boxes opened in the fixed condition and the number of boxes opened in the decrease condition.ResultsGroup differences in Delta IST were assessed within an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model including Groups (control vs. OCD) as between-subject factor and age as a covariate. Results show a no significant main effect for group on IST Delta index (p = 0.26). A significant effect of the covariates (age) on Delta IST(p = 0.027) was found.ConclusionResults suggests that cognitive flexibility, assessed by Information Sampling Task, was not impaired in OCD patients. Future research should evaluate this evidence, taking in account for OCD clinical subtypes.

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