scholarly journals Automotive international trade networks: A comparative analysis over the last two decades

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARA GORGONI ◽  
ALESSIA AMIGHINI ◽  
MATTHEW SMITH
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Rising Powers ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Automotive Production ◽  
Structure Of Trade ◽  
Technological Intensity ◽  
Apparent Association ◽  
International Trade Network

AbstractThis paper explores the structural changes in the international organization of automotive production since the early 1990s. We apply descriptive network measures to international trade data for the period 1993–2013 for three automotive component groups with different technological intensity, with the aim of understanding (1) how the automotive international trade network has changed since the beginning of the 1990s; (2) whether regionalization has increased over time; (3) how the role that rising powers play within and between regions interacts with regionalization patterns. Our findings suggest that the structure of trade has changed significantly over the last two decades in all components. The network for electric and electrical parts and engines has evolved to become more hierarchical, with a cohesive core tied to hangers-on in the periphery, while the opposite has happened for rubber and metal. Regionalization patterns also show important differences across components. Finally, we have found an apparent association between the strengthening of regionalization patterns and the role played by traditional players and rising powers.

scholarly journals A Topological Analysis of Trade Distance: Evidence from the Gravity Model and Complex Flow Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3511
Author(s):  
Zongning Wu ◽  
Hongbo Cai ◽  
Ruining Zhao ◽  
Ying Fan ◽  
Zengru Di ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
International Trade Network

As a classical trade model, the gravity model plays an important role in the trade policy-making process. However, the effect of physical distance fails to capture the effects of globalization and even ignores the multilateral resistance of trade. Here, we propose a general model describing the effective distance of trade according to multilateral trade paths information and the structure of the trade flow network. Quantifying effective trade distance aims to identify the hidden resistance information from trade networks data, and then describe trade barriers. The results show that flow distance, hybrid by multi-path constraint, and international trade network contribute to the forecasting of trade flows. Meanwhile, we also analyze the role of flow distance in international trade from two perspectives of network science and econometric model. At the econometric model level, flow distance can collapse to the predicting results of geographic distance in the proper time lagging variable, which can also reflect that flow distance contains geographical factors. At the international trade network level, community structure detection by flow distances and flow space embedding instructed that the formation of international trade networks is the tradeoff of international specialization in the trade value chain and geographical aggregation. The methodology and results can be generalized to the study of all kinds of product trade systems.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN TRADE IN GOODS OF THE EAEU WITH ASEAN, SCO AND EU

2018 ◽  
pp. 50-66
Author(s):  
Vera V. Ozhigina
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Structure Of Trade ◽  
Technological Intensity

The article considers tendencies, peculiarities and problems of formation of geographical, commodity, industrial structure of export and import of goods, by the degree of their technological intensity (manufacturing), between the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and regional integration groups, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), European Union (EU) and Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The analysis was conducted using UNCTAD statistics on the digit commodity codes of the International Standard Trade Classification (SATC). The directions of trade diversification are offered. The countries for access of the EAEU to the markets of manufactures of ASEAN, EU and SCO are selected. Positive changes in the structure of trade, especially with ASEAN as well as the SCO, are noted. On the basis of calculation of index of intra-industry trade the sensitive goods are allocated, in trade by which EAEU competes with integration groups, the directions of development of industrial cooperation and inclusion in Global Value Chains (GVC) are offered. The presence of a large number of sensitive positions in trade with China, India, Poland, Great Britain, France, Vietnam, Singapore is noted. Prospective export products have been identified into these integration groups, recommendations to reduce barriers to trade have been developed. 

scholarly journals TRADE IN SERVICES LIBERALIZATION WITH RESPECT TO ASEAN FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT ON SERVICES

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (127) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
O. Krinitsyn
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Framework Agreement ◽  
Free Trade Zones ◽  
Structure Of Trade

Nowadays very dynamic and ambitious structural changes transform the global economy and international trade. Particularly noteworthy is not only the speed of global changes, but the coverage which affects almost the entire economic world. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations economies are no exception to these trends. While their rapid growth over the past few decades, largely driven by high exports of industrial products, services sector and trade in services began to gain importance recently. This article analyzes the volume, dynamics and structure of trade in services in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations with respect to the Framework Agreement on Trade in Services (AFAS) geography and development of free trade zones involving ASEAN. A comprehensive analysis of trade in services of individual sectors was performed. As a factor that contributes to international trade the Framework Agreement on Trade in Services was analyzed. Moreover free trade zones involving ASEAN were pointed out. This article analyzes the importance of comprehensive measures to successfully promote trade in services both within the region and with the rest of the world.

International trade: Research of the reasons for the fall

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Nazarov ◽  
S. S. Lazaryan ◽  
I. V. Nikonov ◽  
A. I. Votinov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Negative Contribution ◽  
Basic Commodity ◽  
The Impact

The article assesses the impact of various factors on the growth rate of international trade. Many experts interpreted the cross-border flows of goods decline against the backdrop of a growing global economy as an alarming sign that indicates a slowdown in the processes of globalization. To determine the reasons for the dynamics of international trade, the decompositions of its growth rate were carried out and allowed to single out the effect of the dollar exchange rate, the commodities prices and global value chains on the change in the volume of trade. As a result, it was discovered that the most part of the dynamics of international trade is due to fluctuations in the exchange rate of the dollar and prices for basic commodity groups. The negative contribution of trade within global value chains in 2014 was also revealed. During the investigated period (2000—2014), such a picture was observed only in the crisis periods, which may indicate the beginning of structural changes in the world trade.

Regional and industry characteristics of trade and economic cooperation of the EEU countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
P. M. Taranov ◽  
A. N. Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Static Analysis ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Regional Structure ◽  
Trade Study ◽  
Structure Of Trade

In the paper, trends and patterns of development of trade and economic cooperation of the EEU countries are analyzed. The authors, based on the economic-static analysis of international trade, study the features of the transformation of the commodity and regional structure of trade. Conclusions are drawn about the reasons for the existing features and trends in the development of intraregional economic cooperation.

scholarly journals Scale free is not rare in international trade networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linqing Liu ◽  
Mengyun Shen ◽  
Chang Tan
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Preferential Attachment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Weighted Networks ◽  
Free Exploration ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
Attachment Mechanism

AbstractFailing to consider the strong correlations between weights and topological properties in capacity-weighted networks renders test results on the scale-free property unreliable. According to the preferential attachment mechanism, existing high-degree nodes normally attract new nodes. However, in capacity-weighted networks, the weights of existing edges increase as the network grows. We propose an optimized simplification method and apply it to international trade networks. Our study covers more than 1200 product categories annually from 1995 to 2018. We find that, on average, 38%, 38% and 69% of product networks in export, import and total trade are scale-free. Furthermore, the scale-free characteristics differ depending on the technology. Counter to expectations, the exports of high-technology products are distributed worldwide rather than concentrated in a few developed countries. Our research extends the scale-free exploration of capacity-weighted networks and demonstrates that choosing appropriate filtering methods can clarify the properties of complex networks.

scholarly journals Forecast of International Trade of Lithium Carbonate Products in Importing Countries and Small-Scale Exporting Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1251
Author(s):  
Yichi Zhang ◽  
Zhiliang Dong ◽  
Sen Liu ◽  
Peixiang Jiang ◽  
Cuizhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Structure Of Trade

As the raw material of lithium-ion batteries, lithium carbonate plays an important role in the development of new energy field. Due to the extremely uneven distribution of lithium resources in the world, the security of supply in countries with less say would be greatly threatened if trade restrictions or other accidents occurred in large-scale exporting countries. It is of great significance to help these countries find new partners based on the existing trade topology. This study uses the link prediction method, based on the perspective of the topological structure of trade networks in various countries and trade rules, and eliminates the influence of large-scale lithium carbonate exporting countries on the lithium carbonate trade of other countries, to find potential lithium carbonate trade links among importing and small-scale exporting countries, and summarizes three trade rules: (1) in potential relationships involving two net importers, a relationship involving either China or the Netherlands is more likely to occur; (2) for all potential relationships, a relationship that actually occurred for more than two years in the period in 2009–2018 is more likely to occur in the future; and (3) potential relationships pairing a net exporter with a net importer are more likely to occur than other country combinations. The results show that over the next five to six years, Denmark and Italy, Netherlands and South Africa, Turkey and USA are most likely to have a lithium carbonate trading relationship, while Slovenia and USA, and Belgium and Thailand are the least likely to trade lithium carbonate. Through this study, we can strengthen the supply security of lithium carbonate resources in international trade, and provide international trade policy recommendations for the governments of importing countries and small-scale exporting countries.

scholarly journals Improvement of business processes in modern shipping companies in the field of international sea fright transportation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zoryana Dvulit ◽  
◽  
Olena Tymoshchuk ◽  
Olha Levchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Systemic Problems

In a market economy, there are a significant number of shipping companies that compete with each other and fight for maximum profits in a highly competitive environment. Competitive advantages lie in the plane of organization of the fleet, which relate mainly to the management of shipping companies. Operators of shipping companies establish tactical and strategic cooperation with freight forwarders and other participants in the logistics chain for the successful implementation of business processes and subprocesses. The study of the water transport of Ukraine from 2002 to 2020 revealed that in this period there were significant structural changes in freight turnover and traffic, which indicates the presence of serious systemic problems in management. If current trends continue, the national economy may lose such a strategically important sector. The shortcomings in the field of international maritime transport are caused, among other things, by inefficient management of business processes of Ukrainian shipping companies. The business process of a shipping company is a set of interdependent tasks and works aimed at creating a product or service to meet the needs of their customers. The business processes of shipping companies are due to the characteristics of staff and the processes of international trade. Thus, the personnel of shipping companies, concentrated in the operational units, provide a range of services that ensure the movement of goods and passengers with the required level of quality. The complex of such services is described by many business processes and represents the main processes of the shipping company. Improving the business processes of these companies must be viewed through the prism of the field of logistics, the main factors in the development of which are staff and international trade trends. Research and study of international experience in the field of business process management and its implementation in the activities of shipping companies of Ukraine to some extent will improve the declining trends in freight traffic and water transport, which have been observed in recent years.

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