scholarly journals RADIOCARBON IN GLOBAL TROPOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Levin ◽  
Samuel Hammer ◽  
Bernd Kromer ◽  
Susanne Preunkert ◽  
Rolf Weller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Terrestrial Biosphere ◽  
Nuclear Bomb ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Emission Changes

ABSTRACT Since the 1950s, observations of radiocarbon (14C) in tropospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) have been conducted in both hemispheres, documenting the so-called nuclear “bomb spike” and its transfer into the oceans and the terrestrial biosphere, the two compartments permanently exchanging carbon with the atmosphere. Results from the Heidelberg global network of Δ14C-CO2 observations are revisited here with respect to the insights and quantitative constraints they provided on these carbon exchange fluxes. The recent development of global and hemispheric trends of Δ14C-CO2 are further discussed in regard to their suitability to continue providing constraints for 14C-free fossil CO2 emission changes on the global and regional scale.

scholarly journals Simulating carbon exchange using a regional atmospheric model coupled to an advanced land-surface model

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 4161-4207 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Ter Maat ◽  
R. W. A. Hutjes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Regional Atmospheric Modelling System

Abstract. A large scale mismatch exists between our understanding and quantification of ecosystem atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide at local scale and continental scales. This paper will focus on the carbon exchange on the regional scale to address the following question: What are the main controlling factors determining atmospheric carbon dioxide content at a regional scale? We use the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS), coupled with a land surface scheme simulating carbon, heat and momentum fluxes (SWAPS-C), and including also sub models for urban and marine fluxes, which in principle include the main controlling mechanisms and capture the relevant dynamics of the system. To validate the model, observations are used which were taken during an intensive observational campaign in the central Netherlands in summer 2002. These included flux-site observations, vertical profiles at tall towers and spatial fluxes of various variables taken by aircraft. The coupled regional model (RAMS-SWAPS-C) generally does a good job in simulating results close to reality. The validation of the model demonstrates that surface fluxes of heat, water and CO2 are reasonably well simulated. The comparison against aircraft data shows that the regional meteorology is captured by the model. Comparing spatially explicit simulated and observed fluxes we conclude that in general simulated latent heat fluxes are underestimated by the model to the observations which exhibit large standard deviation for all flights. Sensitivity experiments demonstrated the relevance of the urban emissions of carbon dioxide for the carbon balance in this particular region. The same test also show the relation between uncertainties in surface fluxes and those in atmospheric concentrations.

“Once You Hear This, Act Fast”

2021 ◽  
pp. 523-540
Author(s):  
Reba A. Wissner
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Service Announcements ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Television Commercials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nuclear Bomb ◽  
Important Message ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Political Songs

During the 1950s and 1960s, the Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA), in cooperation with the Ad Council, featured television commercials that served as public service announcements and fifteen-minute television civil defense advertisements that educated the public about civil defense protocols. Part of its mission was to educate the public in the event of the detonation of a nuclear bomb. This chapter surveys the styles of music used in the televised civil defense advertisements from the early Cold War. The music is distinctly different from what was normally heard on television at the time, often featuring distinct moments of atonality or musical stylings of “us versus them,” that is, American political songs alternating with distinctly Soviet-style music to convey the origin of the threat without directly naming it. These musical oppositions were employed to persuade people to pay attention to the important message onscreen, underscore the potential destruction of the bomb, and relay the importance of civil defense.

scholarly journals Bomb Produced 14C Content in Tree Rings Grown at Different Latitudes

Radiocarbon ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (2A) ◽  
pp. 346-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Mei Dai ◽  
C Y Fan
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Patterns ◽  
Nuclear Bomb ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Bomb Test ◽  
The 1950S

The 14C content in 1961–1967 rings of each of three spruce pines grown at (68° N, 130° W), (47° 30' N, 129° 16' E) and (27° 13' N, 100° 20' E) were measured. Δ14C values of the three specimens rise dramatically from a common level (∼250‰) in 1961 to their respective maxima, 964‰, 909‰, and 743‰ in 1964 and then fall to a common level ∼680‰ in 1967. The observed Δ14C increase comes most likely from the nuclear bomb test of the USSR at 75° N in 1961, although there were many other tests since the 1950s. The different effects at different latitudes reflect the atmospheric circulation patterns in the stratosphere and the transport of 14C nuclei from the stratosphere to the troposphere.

Poetic Tension

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Antliff
Keyword(s):  
John Cage ◽  
Nuclear Bomb ◽  
Abstract Expressionist ◽  
The 1950S

This essay examines the politics of New York's Living Theater, from its founding in late 1940s to the mid-1960s. He will outline Julian Beck and Judith Malina's anarchist-pacifism, their involvement in anti-nuclear bomb protests during the 1950s and early 1960s, and the increasingly confrontational tenor of their theater productions. Topics to be discussed include the abstract expressionist paintings of Beck, Malina's interest in the Gestalt theories of Paul Goodman, and the group's collaborations with composer John Cage, poet Jackson Mac Low, and the artists of the No! Art! movement. The chapter will close with group's departure for Europe in1964.

U.S. DOE methodology for the development of geologic storage potential for carbon dioxide at the national and regional scale

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 952-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Goodman ◽  
Alexandra Hakala ◽  
Grant Bromhal ◽  
Dawn Deel ◽  
Traci Rodosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Geologic Storage ◽  
Storage Potential

Constraining a terrestrial biosphere model with remotely sensed atmospheric carbon dioxide

2017 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kaminski ◽  
M. Scholze ◽  
M. Vossbeck ◽  
W. Knorr ◽  
M. Buchwitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Terrestrial Biosphere ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Biosphere Model

scholarly journals On observational and modelling strategies targeted at regional carbon exchange over continents

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1317-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gerbig ◽  
A. J. Dolman ◽  
M. Heimann
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Modelling Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Up Scaling

Abstract. Estimating carbon exchange at regional scales is paramount to understanding feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle, but also to verifying climate change mitigation such as emission reductions and strategies compensating for emissions such as carbon sequestration. This paper discusses evidence for a number of important shortcomings of current generation modelling frameworks designed to provide regional scale budgets. Current top-down and bottom-up approaches targeted at deriving consistent regional scale carbon exchange estimates for biospheric and anthropogenic sources and sinks are hampered by a number of issues: We show that top-down constraints using point measurements made from tall towers, although sensitive to larger spatial scales, are however influenced by local areas much stronger than previously thought. On the other hand, classical bottom-up approaches using process information collected at the local scale, such as from eddy covariance data, need up-scaling and validation on larger scales. We therefore argue for a combination of both approaches, implicitly providing the important local scale information for the top-down constraint, and providing the atmospheric constraint for up-scaling of flux measurements. Combining these data streams necessitates quantifying their respective representation errors, which are discussed. The impact of these findings on future network design is highlighted, and some recommendations are given.

scholarly journals Methane and carbon dioxide fluxes and their regional scalability for the European Arctic wetlands during the MAMM project in summer 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 13159-13174 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. O'Shea ◽  
G. Allen ◽  
M. W. Gallagher ◽  
K. Bower ◽  
S. M. Illingworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Local Area ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Emission Flux ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fluxes ◽  
Airborne Measurements ◽  
Simple Boundary

Abstract. Airborne and ground-based measurements of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and boundary layer thermodynamics were recorded over the Fennoscandian landscape (67–69.5° N, 20–28° E) in July 2012 as part of the MAMM (Methane and other greenhouse gases in the Arctic: Measurements, process studies and Modelling) field campaign. Employing these airborne measurements and a simple boundary layer box model, net regional-scale (~ 100 km) fluxes were calculated to be 1.2 ± 0.5 mg CH4 h−1 m−2 and −350 ± 143 mg CO2 h−1 m−2. These airborne fluxes were found to be relatively consistent with seasonally averaged surface chamber (1.3 ± 1.0 mg CH4 h−1 m−2) and eddy covariance (1.3 ± 0.3 mg CH4 h−1 m−2 and −309 ± 306 mg CO2 h−1 m−2) flux measurements in the local area. The internal consistency of the aircraft-derived fluxes across a wide swath of Fennoscandia coupled with an excellent statistical comparison with local seasonally averaged ground-based measurements demonstrates the potential scalability of such localised measurements to regional-scale representativeness. Comparisons were also made to longer-term regional CH4 climatologies from the JULES (Joint UK Land Environment Simulator) and HYBRID8 land surface models within the area of the MAMM campaign. The average hourly emission flux output for the summer period (July–August) for the year 2012 was 0.084 mg CH4 h−1 m−2 (minimum 0.0 and maximum 0.21 mg CH4 h−1 m−2) for the JULES model and 0.088 mg CH4 h−1 m−2 (minimum 0.0008 and maximum 1.53 mg CH4 h−1 m−2) for HYBRID8. Based on these observations both models were found to significantly underestimate the CH4 emission flux in this region, which was linked to the under-prediction of the wetland extents generated by the models.

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