scholarly journals The Etiology of Human Dizygotic Twinning With Special Reference to Spontaneous Abortions

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-258
Author(s):  
Denis Hémon ◽  
Colette Berger ◽  
Philippe Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Spontaneous Abortions ◽  
Maternal Height ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
The Relationship

The comparison of 622 twin and 622 singleton births allowed us to confirm the association of dizygotic twinning with maternal age, parity, and maternal weight and height, as well as the occurrence of unlike-sex twins in the mother's family. It was also shown that none of these associations, except for maternal height, can be explained by the others. Dizygotic twinning was also found to be negatively correlated with previous use of oral contraceptives and with irregularity of menstrual cycle. Finally, the relationship between spontaneous abortion in previous pregnancies and maternal exposure to medical irradiation was investigated.

Spontaneous Abortion and Birth Order

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. James
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Spontaneous Abortions ◽  
Birth Rank ◽  
Individual Woman ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Compensation

SummaryIt is well established that, in general, pregnancies at advanced maternal ages or of advanced birth order are at greater risk of aborting spontaneously. It does not follow that each individual woman, as she proceeds through her reproductive life, becomes steadily more prone to abort. The present paper attempts to analyse evidence on how individual women's abortion probabilities vary during their reproductive lives. Statistical examination of the data suggests that:1. A spontaneous abortion in a given birth rank is more likely than a live birth in the same rank to be followed by a further pregnancy. Abortion-prone women have more pregnancies than other women.2. There is no significant overall tendency for spontaneous abortions to appear early or late in sibships even when account is taken of the reproductive compensation reported above.3. Pathological examination of spontaneously aborted fetuses suggests that more (perhaps many more) than 10% of spontaneous abortions (e.g. those associated with trisomy and maternal isoimmunization) are causally associated with advanced maternal age or birth order.4. The mean maternal age of spontaneously aborted fetuses which fail to grow in culture is higher than that of fetuses which are successfully cultured.One would infer:A. (from suggestions 1 and 2 above) that reproductive compensation (rather than a real birth order effect) is a major reason why abortion rates are higher at higher maternal ages and higher birth ranks;B. (from suggestions 2 and 3 above) that there must be another group of abortions, roughly equal in number, which are causally associated with low maternal age or early birth order.Little is known about this second group of reproductive casualties (those associated with low birth order or maternal age), but it is suggested that some have CNS malformations. I have made similar suggestions in regard to stillbirth and neonatal death.

scholarly journals Statistical Retrospective Analysis of Spontaneous Abortions in Sidi Bel Abbes Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
Sarah Mellali ◽  
Khadidja Haoud ◽  
Mohammed el amin Bouguetaia ◽  
Mustapha Diaf
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Spontaneous Abortions ◽  
Unbalanced Designs

Objective: The aim of our study was to identify modifiable risk factors for miscarriage and to estimate the preventable proportion of miscarriages that could be attributed to these risks. Materials and Method: We carried out an epidemiological study of pregnancy loss in the Sidi Bel Abbes region from 2010 to 2015, with a total of 54720 livebirths and 4349 of spontaneous abortions (SA). The risk of spontaneous abortion related to the fetal loss age, maternal age; parity and previous spontaneous abortions was studied. Results: The rate of spontaneous abortions varies between 7% and 9% and appears to remain constant over the six years, with an average incidence of 8%. We also observed a significant increase in the incidence of SA with the increase in maternal age. 77% of SA occurred before 12 weeks of gestation. The peak incidence occurred during the second month of pregnancy, between 6th and 10th, the rate of AS is the highest among primigests. The incidence of SRA in our study is within the range suggested by these different studies, with a SRA rate of 5%. Fetal loss is high in women in their late 30s or older, irrespective of reproductive history. Conclusion: The fact remains that the risk factors remain the same, namely, the increase in maternal age (inducing an increase in chromosomally unbalanced designs) and primigestity. Keywords: Spontaneous, abortion, epidemiological, study, risk, factors.

scholarly journals Association between Maternal Exposure to Chemicals during Pregnancy and the Risk of Foetal Death: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11748
Author(s):  
Tadao Ooka ◽  
Sayaka Horiuchi ◽  
Ryoji Shinohara ◽  
Reiji Kojima ◽  
Yuka Akiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Spontaneous Abortions ◽  
Foetal Death ◽  
Hair Dyes ◽  
Hair Dye ◽  
The Relationship

Scarce knowledge is available on the relationship between maternal chemical exposure during pregnancy and foetal deaths. We studied the association of spontaneous abortions and stillbirths with occupational or daily maternal exposure to chemicals commonly used by pregnant women. Data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), a nationwide prospective birth cohort study, were used. The participants of the study were asked about the frequency of their use of gasoline, pesticides, hair dye, and chlorine bleach during the first and the second to third trimesters of pregnancy. We investigated the relationship between the frequency of the use of chemicals and foetal death. Of the 104,065 foetuses, 923 (0.91%) were spontaneous abortions and 379 (0.37%) were stillbirths. Any type of exposure during the first trimester was not significantly associated with spontaneous abortions. Nevertheless, a more than weekly occupational use of hair dye from the first to the second/third trimester was significantly associated with stillbirth. The results of this study suggest that the frequent use of hair dye during pregnancy can have severe adverse effects on the foetus. These findings can help pregnant women, especially hairdressers, refrain from the continuous use of hair dyes.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic Analysis of the Products of Conception After Spontaneous Abortion in the First Trimester

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xueluo Zhang ◽  
Junmei Fan ◽  
Yanhua Chen ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Zhijiao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Spontaneous Abortions ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Transfer Group

In the present study, we retrospectively recruited 340 patients who underwent spontaneous abortions to investigate chromosomal abnormalities of the conception products in the first trimester. We also performed a relevant analysis of clinical factors. Of these patients, 165 had conception products with chromosomal abnormalities, including 135 aneuploidies, 11 triploidies, 10 complex abnormalities, and 9 segmental aneuploidies. The most common abnormal chromosomes were chromosome 16 in the embryo-transfer group and sex chromosomes in the natural-conception group. The most common abnormal chromosomes in all analyzed maternal age groups were sex chromosomes, 16, and 22. The chromosomal abnormality incidence was related to age and number of spontaneous abortions (both <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05), but not to number of pregnancies, deliveries, induced abortions, or methods of conception (all <i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). The rates of abnormality for chromosomes 12, 15, 20, and 22 increased with age, while the rates for chromosomes 6, 7, 13, and X decreased. In all age groups, aneuploidy was by far the most common abnormality; however, the low-incidence distributions of chromosomal abnormalities were entirely different. Overall, chromosomal aneuploidy was the primary cause of pregnancy loss in the first trimester, and low-frequency abnormalities differed across age subgroups. Chromosomal aberrations were found to be related to maternal age and spontaneous abortion, but not all chromosomal abnormalities increased with age.

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON PREGNANEDIOL EXCRETION DURING THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1957 ◽  
Vol 24 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S207
Author(s):  
A. Klopper
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
New Method ◽  
Menstrual Bleeding ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New View

Abstract The changes in view on the significance and amount of urinary pregnanediol in the menstrual cycle are reviewed; in particular the effects of the discovery that the adrenals in both sexes normally contribute to the urinary pregnanediol. Pregnanediol excretion during the menstrual cycle was studied by means of a new method of assay (Klopper et al., 1955) and the results applied to present day concepts of the growth and duration of the corpus luteum. The relationship between pregnanediol excretion and ovulation or the onset of menstrual bleeding was studied. A new view is put forward on the influence of age and parity on the production of progesterone by the corpus luteum.

Diffusivity mapping of the ovaries: Variability of apparent diffusion and kurtosis variables over the menstrual cycle and influence of oral contraceptives

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Theresa Mokry ◽  
Judith Pantke ◽  
Anna Mlynarska-Bujny ◽  
Felix Christian Hasse ◽  
Tristan Anselm Kuder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Apparent Diffusion

Urinary melatonin, LH, oestradiol, progesterone excretion during the menstrual cycle or in women taking oral contraceptives

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyne Brun ◽  
Bruno Claustrat ◽  
Michel David
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Women

Abstract. Nocturnal urinary excretion of melatonin, LH, progesterone and oestradiol was measured by radioimmunoassay in nine normal women during a complete cycle. In addition, these hormonal excretions were studied in two women taking an oral contraceptive. A high within-subject coefficient of variation was observed for melatonin excretion in the two groups. In the nine normal cycling women, melatonin excretion was not decreased at the time of ovulation, but was significantly increased during the luteal phase compared with that of the follicular phase (P < 0.01). These data are consistent with a positive relationship between melatonin and progesterone during the luteal phase. In the two women under an oral contraceptive, melatonin excretion was found within the same range as for the other nine. The results are discussed in terms of pineal investigation in human.

The incidence of Down syndrome in northern Finland with special reference to maternal age

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Leisti ◽  
L. Vahtola ◽  
S.-L. Linna ◽  
R. Herva ◽  
S.-L. Koskela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Maternal Age
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document