scholarly journals Party Policy Diffusion

2016 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOBIAS BÖHMELT ◽  
LAWRENCE EZROW ◽  
RONI LEHRER ◽  
HUGH WARD
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Policy Diffusion ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Econometric Analyses ◽  
Established Democracies

Do parties learn from or emulate parties in other political systems? This research develops the argument that parties are more likely to employ the heuristic of learning from and emulatingforeign successful (incumbent) parties. Spatial-econometric analyses of parties’ election policies from several established democracies robustly confirm that political parties respond to left-right policy positions of foreign political parties that have recently governed. By showing that parties respond to theseforeign incumbent parties, this work has significant implications for our understanding of party competition. Furthermore, we contribute to the literature on public policy diffusion, as we suggest that political parties are important vehiclesthroughwhich public policies diffuse.

scholarly journals How transnational party alliances influence national parties' policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Roman Senninger ◽  
Daniel Bischof ◽  
Lawrence Ezrow
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Econometric Analyses ◽  
Election Strategies ◽  
Party Group

Abstract Previous research reports that parties in established European democracies learn from and emulate the successful election strategies of foreign incumbents, i.e., successful parties are influential abroad. We theorize that—in addition to incumbency (or success)—exchange takes place through transnational party alliances in the European Union. Relying on party manifesto data and spatial econometric analyses, we show that belonging to the same European Parliament (EP) party group enhances learning and emulation processes between national political parties. Estimated short- and long-term effects are approximately two and three times greater when foreign incumbents are in the same EP party group compared to other foreign incumbents. Our results have implications for our understanding of how transnational party groups influence national parties’ policy positions.

scholarly journals Party Responsiveness to Public Opinion in Young Democracies

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172199363
Author(s):  
Raimondas Ibenskas ◽  
Jonathan Polk
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Established Democracies ◽  
Expert Surveys ◽  
Cross National

Are political parties in young democracies responsive to the policy preferences of the public? Compared to extensive scholarship on party responsiveness in established democracies, research on party responsiveness in young democracies is limited. We argue that weaker programmatic party–voter linkages in post-communist democracies create incentives for parties to respond to their supporters rather than the more general electorate. Such responsiveness occurs in two ways. First, parties follow shifts in the mean position of their supporters. Second, drawing on the research on party–voter congruence, we argue that parties adjust their policy positions to eliminate previous incongruence between themselves and their supporters. Analyses based on a comprehensive dataset that uses expert surveys, parties’ manifestoes and election surveys to measure parties’ positions, and several cross-national and national surveys to measure voters’ preferences provide strong support for this argument.

scholarly journals Follow the foreign leader? Why following foreign incumbents is an effective electoral strategy

2019 ◽  
pp. 135406881988470
Author(s):  
Lawrence Ezrow ◽  
Tobias Böhmelt ◽  
Roni Lehrer ◽  
Hugh Ward
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Median Voter ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Policy Diffusion ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Election Strategies

Previous research suggests that political parties respond to left–right policy positions of successful foreign political parties (“foreign leaders”). We evaluate whether this is an effective electoral strategy: specifically, do political parties gain votes in elections when they respond to successful foreign parties? We argue that parties that follow foreign leaders will arrive at policy positions closer to their own (domestic) median voter, which increases their electoral support. The analysis is based on a two-stage model specification of parties’ vote shares and suggests that following foreign leaders is a beneficial election strategy in national election because it allows them to better identify the position of their own median voter. These findings have important implications for our understanding of political representation, parties’ election strategies, and for policy diffusion.

Political parties and think tanks: policy analysis oriented toward office-seeking

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Argibay ◽  
Rafaël Cos ◽  
Anne-Cécile Douillet
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Party Membership ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Internal Production

This chapter examines the role played by political parties and think tanks in the development of policy analysis in France. It shows how party-based policy analysis is interwoven with inter and intra-party competition related to the objective of seeking office. Indeed, even though policy seeking activities do not look central in the functioning of French political parties, developments in party rationales, like those in the profile of governing parties’ elites, are favourable to intensifying interest in policy issues. Political parties’ professionalization nonetheless appears to have a marked effect on their internal production of public policy expertise: party membership is marginalised while the electoral issues and internal competition have a structuring impact. Lastly, analysis of public policy expertise production shows that it is mainly done in the vicinity of party organisations, due to the significant recourse to experts outside of parties and the role of think tanks.

Quiet Politics of Employment Protection Legislation? Partisan Politics, Electoral Competition, and the Regulatory Welfare State

2020 ◽  
Vol 691 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-222
Author(s):  
Linda Voigt ◽  
Reimut Zohlnhöfer
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Electoral Competition ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Partisan Politics ◽  
Employment Protection Legislation ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Established Democracies

Political parties and party competition have been important factors in the expansion and retrenchment of the fiscal welfare state, but researchers have argued that regulatory welfare is not part of political debate among parties. We explore this claim theoretically, and then empirically examine it in the case of employment protection legislation (EPL) in twenty-one established democracies since 1985. EPL is a mature and potentially salient instrument of the regulatory welfare state that has experienced substantial retrenchment. We test three prominent mechanisms of how electoral competition conditions partisan effects: the composition of Left parties’ electorates, the strength of pro-EPL parties, and the emphasis put on social justice by pro-EPL parties. We find that the partisan politics of EPL is conditioned by electoral competition under only very specific circumstances, namely when blame sharing becomes possible in coalitions between EPL supporters.

The foundations of public policy analysis2

2018 ◽  
pp. 9-42
Author(s):  
Peter Knoepfel
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Institutional Policies ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Public Action ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Rules Of The Game

This chapter revisits the foundations of public policy analysis as presented in our previous textbook of 2011 (Knoepfel et al., 2011): the definition of public policies (distinction between substantive and institutional policies), the rejected notion of public action, causality models, actor triangles and resources. It adds some new perspectives on the relation between actors (political-administrative actors, target groups and beneficiaries) and their resources. Finally, it brings some clarification to the topic of the institutions, which are considered as the ‘rules of the game’, and introduces a list of possession, behavioural and decisional rules that feature in the constitutional and private law of Switzerland. The majority of these rules can also be found in other democratic political systems.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF PARTY COMPETITION IN FOREIGN POLICY DECISION-MAKING PROCESS OF BRAZIL AND CHILE

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (30) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
Bruno Pasquarelli
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Socialist Party ◽  
Veto Players ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Policy Decision Making

The study analyzes the decision-making process in foreign policy, examining the governments of the Workers Party in Brazil and the Socialist Party in Chile, investigating how international acts may be the object of legislative and partisan action and, most important, that is subjected to conflict/consensus between government and opposition. Considering the foreign policy as a public policy, the methodological assumption of this study assumed that political parties are important actors in the decision-making process, acting as veto players and influencing international acts from ideological variables and composition of coalitions.

Public Choice Theory. A Textbook. Chapter 6. Public Choice under Representative Democracy: Political Competition

2003 ◽  
pp. 128-153
Author(s):  
R. Nureev
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Public Choice ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Public Choice Theory

The specifics of pubic choice under representative democracy are considered in the sixth chapter of the textbook. Two definitions of representative democracy are distinguished. The concept of political competition is defined. The types of political parties and political systems are analysed. The model of two-party competition is characterized. The chapter also includes further readings, control tests and questions.

scholarly journals How Transnational Party Alliances Influence National Parties' Policies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Senninger ◽  
Daniel Bischof ◽  
Lawrence Ezrow
Keyword(s):  
European Parliament ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Econometric Analyses ◽  
Election Strategies ◽  
Party Group

Previous research reports that parties in established European democracies learn from and emulate the successful election strategies of foreign incumbents, i.e., successful parties are influential abroad. We theorize that - in addition to incumbency (or success) - exchange takes place through transnational party alliances in the European Union. Relying on party manifesto data and spatial econometric analyses, we show that belonging to the same European Parliament party group enhances learning and emulation processes between national political parties. Estimated short- and long-term effects are approximately two and three times greater when foreign incumbents are in the same European Parliament party group compared to other foreign incumbents. Our results have implications for our understanding of how transnational party groups influence national parties’ policy positions.

Estimating Party Policy Positions: Japan in Comparative Context

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL LAVER ◽  
KENNETH BENOIT
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Expert Survey ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Policy Content ◽  
Party Policy Positions ◽  
Expert Surveys

This paper first reviews a number of epistemological and methodological issues relating to the estimation of party policy positions, particularly in a comparative context, with special reference to the methodology of ‘expert surveys’. It is argued that expert surveys, as systematic summaries of the views of country specialists, have a particular role in assessing the content validity of other types of estimates of party policy positions. The paper moves on to analyze the positions of Japanese political parties in a comparative context, using results from a new 47-country expert survey. Attention is paid both to the substantive policy content of the left–right dimension in Japan, and to the locations of Japanese parties in policy spaces, relative to the locations of comparable parties in other political systems.

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