Deliberation, Single-Peakedness, and Coherent Aggregation

2021 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 629-648
Author(s):  
SOROUSH RAFIEE RAD ◽  
OLIVIER ROY
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Computational Results ◽  
Preference Change ◽  
Computational Simulations ◽  
Rational Deliberation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Preferences ◽  
Single Peakedness ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Carry Over

Rational deliberation helps to avoid cyclic or intransitive group preferences by fostering meta-agreements, which in turn ensures single-peaked profiles. This is the received view, but this paper argues that it should be qualified. On one hand we provide evidence from computational simulations that rational deliberation tends to increase proximity to so-called single-plateaued preferences. This evidence is important to the extent that, as we argue, the idea that rational deliberation fosters the creation of meta-agreement and, in turn, single-peaked profiles does not carry over to single-plateaued ones, and the latter but not the former makes coherent aggregation possible when the participants are allowed to express indifference between options. On the other hand, however, our computational results show, against the received view, that when the participants are strongly biased towards their own opinions, rational deliberation tends to create irrational group preferences, instead of eliminating them. These results are independent of whether the participants reach meta-agreements in the process, and as such they highlight the importance of rational preference change and biases towards one’s own opinion in understanding the effects of rational deliberation.

Scribes, Cooks, and Artisans: Breaking Zhou Tradition

Early China ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 241-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance A. Cook
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Bronze Vessels ◽  
Western Zhou ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Bronze Inscriptions ◽  
Eastern Zhou

Bronze Inscriptions of the Western Zhou period show how ritualists were once dedicated to maintaining the ritual apparatus supporting the divine authority of the royal Zhou lineage. Bronze and bamboo texts of the Eastern Zhou period reveal, on the other hand, that ritualists able to manipulate local rulers reliant on their knowledge subsequently subverted power into their own hands. Ritualists such as scribes, cooks, and artisans were involved in the transmission of Zhou “power” through the creation and use of inscribed bronze vessels during feasts. The expansion and bureaucratization of their roles in the Chu state provided economic and ultimately political control of the state. This was particularly the case as the Chu, like the Zhou before them, fled east to escape western invaders.

scholarly journals Cultura y desarrollo: tendencias hegemónicas y contra-hegemonicas

2012 ◽  
pp. 330-344
Author(s):  
Daniel Cerdas Sandí
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Alternative Proposal ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Culture And Development ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
The Relationship

El trabajo busca presentar teorías o propuestas conceptuales sobre la relación cultura y desarrollo, pero no se limitará a una exposición de las mismas, sino que pretendemos realizar una crítica de la conceptualización de varias de estas nociones consideradas hegemónicas. Por otra parte, se presentará una propuesta alterna considerada más precisa y válida para entender la relación cultura y desarrollo en cuanto responde a un análisis propio de las estructuras socioeconómicas que condicionan dicho vínculo. ABSTRACT This paper aims to present the theoriesor proposals about the relationship between culture and development but this does not limited the exposition of both of them, but the creation of a critical of the conceptualization of some of the notions considered as hegemonic. In the other hand, we present an alternative proposal considered as more accurate and valid for us to understand the relationship culture – development as the response to an analysis from the socioeconomics structures that determine that link.

scholarly journals The Good, the Bad and the Ugly? The Dynamic Interplay Between Educational Practice, Policy and Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Van Geert ◽  
Henderien Steenbeek
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The One ◽  
Dynamic Interplay ◽  
Interacting Components

The notion of complexity — as in “education is a complex system” — has two different meanings. On the one hand, there is the epistemic connotation, with “Complex” meaning “difficult to understand, hard to control”. On the other hand, complex has a technical meaning, referring to systems composed of many interacting components, the interactions of which lead to self organization and emergence. For agents, participating in a complex system such as education, it is important that they can reduce the epistemic complexity of the system, in order to allow them to understand the system, to accomplish their goals and to evaluate the results of their activities. We argue that understanding, accomplishing and evaluation requires the creation of simplex systems, which are praxis-based forms of representing complexity. Agents participating in the complex system may have different kinds of simplex systems governing their understanding and praxis. In this article, we focus on three communities of agents in education — educators, researchers and policymakers — and discuss characteristic features of their simplex systems. In particular, we focus on the simplex system of educational researchers, and we discuss interactions — including conflicts or incompatibilities — between their simplex systems and those of educators and policymakers. By making some of the underlying features of the educational researchers’ simplex systems more explicit – including the underlying notion of causality and the use of variability as a source of knowledge — we hope to contribute to clarifying some of the hidden conflicts between simplex systems of the communities participating in the complex system of education.

The Badkhn in Contemporary Hasidic Society: Social, Historical, and Musical Observations

2003 ◽  
pp. 279-296
Author(s):  
Yaakov Mazor
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Radical Innovations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The Creation

This chapter discusses the badkhn in contemporary hasidic society. Hasidic society does not approve of radical innovations in relation to religious custom, and this is certainly true of the activities of badkhonim at weddings. Nevertheless, the hasidic leadership has been able to channel such activities into preferred directions, in accordance with its own conceptions and usages. Earlier practices that clashed with hasidic customs and beliefs have been discarded. On the other hand, mystical interpretation has invested some traditional values with new meanings. The badkhn's position has thus been strengthened, thanks to the legitimization of his activity from a religious point of view. The same is true of the badkhn's verses and the accompanying music. It would appear, however, that the shift of emphasis from form to content, to the inner meaning of the badkhn's activities, has resulted in the formation, on one hand, of rigorous new constraints and, on the other, of new possibilities for the creation of local or even individual, personal styles, depending on the relative involvement of the tsadikim in such activities.

scholarly journals On the Other Hand…: Enhancing Promotional Effectiveness with Haptic Cues

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-117
Author(s):  
Virginie Maille ◽  
Maureen Morrin ◽  
Ryann Reynolds-McIlnay
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Perceived Ownership ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Haptic Cues ◽  
Hand Action

People like graspable objects more when the objects are located on the dominant-hand side of their body or when the handles point toward their dominant-hand side. However, many products do not have handles or are not graspable (e.g., services, objects hanging on the wall). Can nongraspable products nevertheless benefit from the effects of appealing to viewers’ dominant hands? The present research shows that, yes, consumers respond more positively to nongraspable products if a haptic cue (an object that is graspable or suggestive of hand action) is located within the same visual field as the target and is positioned to appeal to the viewer’s dominant hand. This result is driven by the creation and transfer of perceived ownership from cue to target. These findings extend the use of haptic cues to nongraspable products and uncover the critical role played by perceived ownership, including its ability to transfer from one object to another located in the same visual field. Moreover, the current research demonstrates situations in which the use of haptic cues will not enhance response.

An analysis of the quality of english testing for Aviation purposes in Finland

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 26.1-26.14
Author(s):  
Ari Huhta
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Development Project ◽  
The Other ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Aviation English

This article describes and analyses the development of a new test of aviation English by the Finnish Civil Aviation Authority (FCAA), as well as the overall situation in Finland as regards the testing of aviation English. The article describes the FCAA development project and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the new test and the whole testing system, often with reference to the framework of test usefulness proposed by Bachman and Palmer (1996). The quality of the overall system in Finland appears to be quite variable as it is based on the principle of decentralization, in which the FCAA evaluates and approves different tests to be used for certifying the English language skills of aviation personnel. On the other hand, the FCAA commissioned the creation of a test of its own, which appears to have certain strengths, but also has some flaws, such as a lack of systematic double rating of speaking and very little centralized monitoring of overall quality.

On the Modernity of the Dutch Republic

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan deVries
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
European State ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic

The political and economic institutions of the Dutch Republic puzzle the historian. Closely juxtaposed are elements suggesting a tantalizing precociousness and elements which hearken to the medieval past. The Republic was the creation of a revolution; it can be identified as the first European state to throw off a monarchical regime and bring a bourgeois social class to full political power. On the other hand, the foremost motive behind this rebellion was the resistance of medieval, municipal particularism to governmental centralization—to modernization, if you will.

scholarly journals O społecznościach lokalnych i wspólnotach ludzkich w warunkach globalizacji – perspektywa pedagogiczna

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Segiet
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The One

Contemporary researchers of local communities and human societies face a new and difficult task today. It is, on the one hand, related to the great interest in this topic and the difficulty of creating a new concept that would fully exhaust the scope of phenomena observed presently in local communities and human societies. On the other hand, the character of changes that have gained momentum in the first decade of the 21st century, and the description of their sources, become particularly difficult to describe and name. The present article is an attempt at an indication of the need of an evolution of perception on societal reality and the emerging new social issues. Contemporary paedagogy attempts to write about the necessity of awareness/ education related to the needs of establishment of local communities and the creation of bonds as a response to processes related to social life in times of globalisation. It is a fact that we are presently dealing with a change in the forms and character of local communities.

scholarly journals Universidade e formação de recursos humanos: características culturais básicas na formação das competências e habilidades do administrador

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (199) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Shirley de França Moraes ◽  
João Marcelo Lima
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Labor Relationship ◽  
Recursos Humanos ◽  
Organizational Activities ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Keywords Education

As efetivas transformações por que passam as sociedades mundiais vêm exigindo mudanças radicais na educação. A natureza das relações escola/trabalho necessita mudar, de sorte que possibilite formar adequadamente a nova força de trabalho. Nesse contexto, merece destaque a educação do administrador, que, na visão atual e futura, precisa ser permanente, em constante aperfeiçoamento, na busca de títulos acadêmicos. Por sua vez, a legislação do ensino superior possibilita a criação de projetos educacionais que se compatibilizem com o objetivo de oferecer propostas pedagógicas realísticas e de qualidade. Assim, discute-se as competências que os trabalhadores da área das ciências sociais de Administração necessitam receber durante o curso de graduação. Contudo, torna-se oportuno alertar para as questões culturais inerentes ao indivíduo, pois são elas os elementos mediadores entre as competências e o desempenho nas atividades organizacionais. Palavras-chave: mudanças; formação; base cultural; administrador. Abstract The effective changes that the world societies have gone through claim for radical changes in education. The nature of the School x Labor relationship has to be transformed so that the new workforce can be adequately educated. In this context, special attention should be given to de worker's education that must be permanent, constantly improving in search for an academic title, according to de present and future view. On the other hand, the law ruling the High Studies is favorable to the creation of educational projects compatible with the objectives to offer real pedagogical and qualified proposes. So, the debate of the competency that the workers in the area of social science of Administration is about what they need to learn during graduation. However, this is an opportune moment to alert to the cultural questions proper of the individual, because it is the mediator elements between the competency and the performance in the organizational activities. Keywords: education changes; professional formation; cultural basis; administrator.

scholarly journals Ecological and biological characteristics of restoration with tree plants in the conditions of the Steppe Pridniprovia

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
V. I. Chorna ◽  
L. V. Dotsenko ◽  
N. V. Voroshylova
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Succession Series

The change of forest cover in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast within the framework of the concept of agroforestry reclamation development in Ukraine was investigated. It was established that the forested area in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast is currently about 5%, which does not correspond to the optimal level of forest cover for this area, which is determined at 8%. The increase of forested areas within the surveyed territory was observed because of the two such processes, as reforestation and afforestation. In recent years, these processes have shown a steady downward trend in the number of forested areas. Succession series can be fundamentally different in the reproduction of forest plantations due to reforestation and afforestation. During reforestation, the succession series will be much slower, but it will be able to reach climax stage can due to the fact that the plantations will include indigenous plant species. When fast-growing species will be selected during afforestation, plantations will develop more rapidly, but will be much less stable and need constant care. Thus, the processes of forest plantations development in the Dnipropetrovsk region need significant processing and intensification. Until recently, there was no doubt about the beneficial effects of forest vegetation on air quality.  A large number of wood species can not only emit volatiles, but also absorb in their biomass a significant amount of toxic elements, such as heavy metals, radionuclides and others.  However, recently, due to the large anthropogenic and man-made load on the atmosphere (industrial emissions, transport, pesticides, herbicides, etc.), the process of so-called secondary air pollution has been observed.  This is manifested as follows – woody vegetation absorbs toxic substances, processes them into even more toxic and releases them into the air. Significant impact of forests is also observed on the stability of systems.  It is known that the higher the species diversity – the lower the dominance index, and the more stable the system.  The introduction of new species of woody plants, and behind them new species of fauna increases the diversity of the ecosystem, which is undoubtedly favorable.  But on the other hand, this leads to the extinction of typical steppe species, for example, in forest biogeocenoses live a large number of small predators, and most species of steppe birds nesting on the ground can be easily destroyed by them. Forest vegetation significantly changes the landscape.  Any woody plants in the steppe create an ecotone, ie the zone of contact of different habitats, which increases the species diversity and, in general, alpha diversity of the territory and, consequently, increases its resistance to anthropogenic and man-made loads.  On the other hand, it contributes to the even more intensive disappearance of zonal steppe landscapes, of which there are very few left in the Dnipropetrovsk region due to high population density and a high degree of agricultural development. Forest plantations in the region can be created in two fundamentally different forms – forest belts and forests.  It is clear that the creation of forest belts will be timed to the massifs of agricultural land as their main function is to create an optimal microclimate.  The creation of forests, first of all, should be aimed at increasing and maintaining species diversity, secondly, it will undoubtedly expand the recreational potential of the region, which is currently clearly insufficient. Currently, when creating any of these types of plantations, there are serious environmental miscalculations.  First of all, it is the creation of plantations from allochthonous, that is, from the very beginning species not peculiar to this territory.  As a rule, it is a pine or an acacia white.  These unpretentious breeds grow quite quickly, well acclimatized, which, of course, makes their use more cost-effective and attractive.  But on the other hand, the plantations created from them are much less long-lived than, for example, oak groves typical for this region and, unlike them, require constant care, because they are practically unable to reach menopause.

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