The effects of carbadox on the performance and carcass characteristics of early-weaned pigs given high- and low-protein diets

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

ABSTRACTThirty-six male pigs weaned at 28 days of age were used to study the effects of methyl-3-(2- quinoxalinylmethylene) carbazate-N1, N4-dioxide (carbadox) in high- and low-protein diets on the performance of pigs growing between 7 and 32 kg live weight, and on carcass characteristics at the latter weight.The inclusion of carbadox (55 mg/kg) in a high-protein diet containing 195 g crude protein per kg and 10·2 g lysine per kg had no effect on performance or on carcass characteristics. Pigs offered the high-protein diets grew more rapidly, had a lower food conversion ratio and were leaner at 32 kg live weight than those offered a lowprotein diet containing 146g crude protein per kg and 6·0 g lysine per kg. Supplementation of the low-protein diet with lysine (4·2 g/kg) had no effect on performance or carcass characteristics but the inclusion of carbadox in the low-protein diet increased growth performance and reduced carcass backfat measurements at 32 kg. However, the performance was inferior, and the backfat thickness greater, compared with the high-protein diets. On the other hand, supplementation of the low-protein diet with lysine plus carbadox raised growth performance and reduced carcass backfat measurements to the levels exhibited on the high protein diets.

scholarly journals POSTPARTUM CONCENTRATIONS OF ESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE IN THREE GENOTYPE OF SHEEP FED VARYING LEVELS OF PROTEIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 495-501
Author(s):  
A. M. Hassan ◽  
M. Nasir ◽  
A. Y. Abdullahi ◽  
M. H. Zango
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Ovarian Cyclicity ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

The study aims to evaluate the effects of feeding different protein levels on the resumption of postpartum ovarian activity by measuring serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations bi-weekly starting one week postpartum in three genotypes of sheep (Yankasa, Uda and Balami). Eighteen (18) multiparous sheep with aged range of 2.5 – 3 years old consisting of six (6) each of Yankasa, Uda and Balami breeds were divided into three groups and reared on different protein concentrations. The protein concentrations were 15.2% (high), 9.5% (medium) and 6.5% (low). Results showed a gradual increase of estradiol in both Yankasa and Uda breeds fed low protein diet from 100 – 3000 concentration. However, Uda breed had the highest value of estradiol when both medium and high protein diets were fed to the three genotypes of sheep. Nevertheless, Yankasa sheep had more consistent values of progesterone when fed low protein diet compared to Balami and Uda. Also Uda breed recorded the highest progesterone values in both medium and high protein diets among the three genotypes followed by Yankasa sheep. All the three genotypes returned to estrous earlier on high protein concentration followed by those on medium protein level. It is concluded that increase protein concentration hastened resumption of ovarian cyclicity and thereby leading to increase fertility in sheep

scholarly journals PSIV-6 Effect of a Phytogenic Water Additive on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites and Gene Expression of Amino Acids Transporters in Nursery Pigs Fed with Low Protein Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 281-282
Author(s):  
Cedrick N Shili ◽  
Mohammad Habibi ◽  
Julia Sutton ◽  
Jessie Barnes ◽  
Jacob Burchkonda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Standard Protein

Abstract Moderately low protein (MLP) diets can help decrease nutrient excretion from the swine production. However, MLP diets negatively impact growth performance. We hypothesized that supplementing MLP diets with phytogenics may reduce the negative effects of these diets on growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a phytogenic water additive (PWA; Herbanimal®) on growth performance, blood metabolite and gene expression of amino acids transporters in pigs fed with MLP diets. Forty-eight weaned barrows were allotted to six dietary treatments (n = 8) for 4 weeks: >CON-NS: standard protein diet-no PWA; CON-LS: standard protein diet-low PWA dose (4 ml/L); CON-HS: standard protein diet-high PWA dose (8 ml/L); LP-NS: low protein diet-no PWA; LP-LS: low protein diet-low PWA dose (4 ml/L); LP-HS: low protein diet- high PWA dose (8 ml/L). Feed intake and body weight were recorded daily and weekly, respectively. At week 4, blood and tissue samples were collected and analyzed for metabolites using a chemistry analyzer and amino acid transporters using qPCR, respectively. The data were analyzed by univariate GLM (SPSS®) and the means were separated using paired Student’s t-test corrected by Benjamini-Hochberg. Pigs fed CON-HS improved the average daily gain and serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations compared to CON-NS. Pigs fed LP-LS had higher serum phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen compared to the pigs fed with LP-NS. The mRNA abundance of SLC7A11 in the jejunum was lower in CON-LS and CON-HS compared to CON-NS. Additionally, mRNA abundance of SLC6A19 in the jejunum of pigs fed with LP-LS was higher compared to LP-NS and lower in CON-HS relative to pigs fed with CON-LS. In conclusion, PWA improved the growth performance of pigs fed standard protein diets but not low protein diets. Further, the PWA improved the concentrations of blood calcium and phosphorous in pigs fed MLP diets. Funding: Agrivida and Animal Health and Production and Animal Products: Improved Nutritional Performance, Growth, and Lactation of Animals from the USDA-NIFA.

scholarly journals Liver GCN2 controls hepatic FGF21 secretion and modulates whole body postprandial oxidation profile under a low-protein diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (6) ◽  
pp. E1015-E1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Chalvon-Demersay ◽  
Joanna Moro ◽  
Patrick C. Even ◽  
Catherine Chaumontet ◽  
Daniel Tomé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Protein Diets

General control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) is a kinase that detects amino acid deficiency and is involved in the control of protein synthesis and energy metabolism. However, the role of hepatic GCN2 in the metabolic adaptations in response to the modulation of dietary protein has been seldom studied. Wild-type (WT) and liver GCN2-deficient (KO) mice were fed either a normo-protein diet, a low-protein diet, or a high-protein diet for 3 wk. During this period, body weight, food intake, and metabolic parameters were followed. In mice fed normo- and high-protein diets, GCN2 pathway in the liver is not activated in WT mice, leading to a similar metabolic profile with the one of KO mice. On the contrary, a low-protein diet activates GCN2 in WT mice, inducing FGF21 secretion. In turn, FGF21 maintains a high level of lipid oxidation, leading to a different postprandial oxidation profile compared with KO mice. Hepatic GCN2 controls FGF21 secretion under a low-protein diet and modulates a whole body postprandial oxidation profile.

scholarly journals Structural changes in the jejunal mucosa of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni, fed low or high protein diets

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janira Lúcia Assumpção Couto ◽  
Haroldo da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Dinalva Bezerra da Rocha ◽  
Maria Eugênia Leite Duarte ◽  
Monica Lopes Assunção ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

The effects of high and low-protein diets on the structure of the jejunal mucosa were studied in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice (morphology and histomorphometry). Weaning male albino mice were infected with 80 cercariae, fed with high (20%) or low-protein (5%) diets and compared to uninfected controls under the same conditions. Mice were sacrificed 12 weeks after infection. Animals submitted to a low-protein diet showed lower weight curves, mainly when infected. In the jejunal mucosa, finger-like villi were the predominant pattern among uninfected high-protein fed animals, while the infected ones showed leaf-shaped and flattened villi in most cases. Undernourished infected mice had 65.7% leaf-shaped villi. A significant increase in the number of goblet cells was seen in infected mice. A decrease in the number of absorptive cells was detected in undernourished mice, particularly in infected ones.

Effect of dietary tannin and protein concentration on nematode infection (Trichostrongylus colubriformis) in lambs

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. BUTTER ◽  
J. M. DAWSON ◽  
D. WAKELIN ◽  
P. J. BUTTERY
Keyword(s):  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Protein Diets

The aim of this study was to determine whether the inclusion of a condensed tannin (quebracho tannin, QT) and/or the elevation of dietary protein could reduce Trichostrongylus colubriformis establishment and existence in the small intestine of lambs. Thirty-six lambs (mean liveweight 32·6±3·9 kg) were randomly allocated to one of six experimental groups, groups 1–5 were parasitized with a trickle infection of 3000 infective Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae daily, whilst group 6 remained as uninfected controls. Experimental diets were formulated to contain 222 g CP/kg (high protein) or 97 g CP/kg (low protein) with or without the inclusion of 50 g QT/kg. All six animal groups were fed the low protein diet, group 2 fed low protein diet+QT, for one month prior to infection (groups 1–5). Once nematode eggs were observed in the faeces, diets were abruptly changed in three experimental groups. Group 1 remained on the low protein diet, group 2 remained on the low protein+QT diet, group 3 changed to the high protein diet, group 4 changed to the high protein+QT diet, group 5 changed to the low protein+QT diet and group 6 remained uninfected and fed the low protein diet. Production, haematological and parasitological parameters were monitored at regular intervals. Results show that parasitized animals fed the high protein diet achieved growth rates similar to those of uninfected low protein-fed lambs. Inclusion of dietary QT did not depress liveweight gain. Total daily faecal egg counts declined after feeding the high protein diet. Inclusion of QT into the low protein diet also reduced faecal egg counts to similar levels observed in the high protein-fed lambs. The inclusion of QT into the high protein diet did not further reduce faecal egg counts. No significant differences in the haematological parameters measured were observed between infected animals (groups 1–5), suggesting that the beneficial effect of dietary QT in the low protein diet is unlikely to be mediated through an immune response. These data suggest that the inclusion of QT in low protein diets may be an alternative to feeding high protein diets to reduce nematode burden in lambs.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF HIGH PROTEIN DIETS ON EXPERIMENTAL RENAL HYPERTENSION

1941 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Philipsborn ◽  
L. N. Katz ◽  
S. Rodbard
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Experimental Renal Hypertension ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

The effect of high and low protein diets were studied on fourteen dogs in twenty-four different experiments. In only two of these animals, both with moderate renal excretory failure, was a reversible rise in blood pressure elicited by a high protein diet. The possible mechanisms involved in meeting an increased excretory load are discussed.

The protein requirement of the ruminant calf. II. Further studies on the effect of protein content of the concentrate mixture on the performance of calves weaned at an early age

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. F. Stobo ◽  
J. H. B. Roy ◽  
Helen J. Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Low Protein

1. Eighty-four Friesian heifer calves were used in two experiments (Experiments 4 and 5) to study the protein requirement of the ruminant calf to 12 weeks of age. The calves were weaned at 5 weeks of age and given a concentrate containing one of several protein levels, together with hay and water.2. In Experiment 4, the effect of changing the protein content of the concentrates at 8 weeks of age under ad libitum feeding conditions was studied. A concentrate containing 20·6% crude protein (air-dry basis) tended to promote more rapid weight gains in calves to 8 weeks than a similar concentrate with 12·1% crude protein. Following the change in diet at 8 weeks, both groups of calves given the low-protein diet gained weight at similar rates in the period 8–12 weeks, irrespective of the protein level to 8 weeks. During the period 8–12 weeks calves given the high-protein diet, after receiving a low-protein diet to 8 weeks, tended to gain weight at a faster rate than those given the high-protein concentrate throughout. After adjustment for differences between treatment groups in mean concentrate consumption and mean live-weight at 8 weeks, the live-weight gain from 8 to 12 weeks was significantly greater in calves given the high-protein diet after 8 weeks.3. In Experiment 5, a significantly lower growth rate was obtained when concentrate intake was restricted to a maximum of 2 kg./day than when given ad libitum. Calves given the concentrates containing 15·9% or 20·6% crude protein gained weight significantly faster than those given the concentrate containing 12·1% crude protein, at both levels of feeding, after live-weight gain was adjusted for differences between treatment groups in mean food consumption and live-weight at 1 week.4. It is concluded that no advantage is obtained by giving a concentrate containing more than 15·9% protein to Friesian heifer calves weaned at 5 weeks of age. The results indicate clearly the importance of an adequate supply of energy in the diet of the ruminant calf if maximum live-weight gain is to be achieved.

Studies on the immunity of sheep to Oesophagostomum columbianum: effects of low-protein diet on resistance to infection and cellular reactions in the gut

Parasitology ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Dobson ◽  
Richard J. Bawden
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
Protein Diets

Adult Oesophagostomum columbianum populations were larger in sheep fed low-protein diets than in adequately fed animals. Diet did not influence the numbers of larva which became established in sheep. Sheep fed high-protein diets eliminated more worms and were more immunologically competent than poorly fed animals. More encapsulated larvae, showing arrested development, were found in adequately fed sheep than in those fed low-protein diets. Adult O. columbianum produced eggs at an earlier time after infection in poorly fed sheep than worms in well fed sheep. More eggs/female worm were produced in sheep on a low-protein diet compared with the number of eggs produced in well fed hosts over the last week of the infection. The effects of immunity on the behaviour of the worm in both host diet groups is discussed.There was a greater cellular proliferation in the intestines of infected adequately fed sheep than in infected animals on low-protein diets. These changes were most pronounced in the large intestine where the adult parasites were found. The macrophage-lymphocyte series of cells underwent hyperplasia in well fed animals but these changes were reduced, particularly among the plasma cells, in sheep fed low-protein diets. Increased mucin and mast cell counts were observed in sheep on high-protein, but not in hosts on low-protein diets: the intestinal populations of eosinophil and globule leucocytes were also reduced in poorly fed sheep.The relationship of these various cellular reactions and their effect on the protective immunity of sheep to O. columbianum is discussed. It was concluded that the increased susceptibility of protein deprived sheep to O. columbianum infections was associated with malfunctions of the innate immunity of the gut, involving decreased peristalsis and failure of the mucin cell response, and with reduction of the adaptive immune response which was reflected by impoverished lymphocyte and plasma cell reactions, and possibly with poor cooperation between sensitized lymphocytes, antibodies and the mast cell-granulocyte effector mechanisms in protective immunity.

The establishment and survival of Oesophagostomum columbianum in male and female sheep given high and low protein diets

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Bawden
Keyword(s):  
Marked Reduction ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Female Sheep ◽  
Male Sheep

Young sheep fed on a low protein (6%) diet were more susceptible to infection with O. columbianum than those on a high protein (18%) diet. Both the number of adult nematodes recovered 56 days after infection, and the fecundity of the female worms prior to autopsy, were greater in the former group. Examinations at the 10th and 56th days after infection revealed a marked reduction with time in the numbers and extent of distribution of macroscopic nodules, associated with the parasite, throughout the intestines; no differences associated with the diet were recorded. Differences in the susceptibility of the host were also associated with the host's sex. Thus the male sheep generally harboured more adult nematodes than the female sheep at autopsy. This effect was most pronounced with the sheep on the low protein diet. The female nematodes which parasitized the female sheep were more fecund than those in the male sheep.

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