The effect of copper treatment on the performance of hypocupraemic calves

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MacPherson ◽  
R. C. Voss ◽  
J. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Copper Treatment ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Effect Of Copper

ABSTRACT1. Seven experiments involving 191 calves and 40 cows were under- taken over a 2-year period into the effect of copper treatment of hypocupraemic calves on their subsequent performance.2. Significant increases in mean live-weight gain of copper-treated calves ranging from 19·9 to 34·3 kg/head relative to untreated control groups were obtained in three cases.3. The frequency of copper injection required to maintain plasma copper levels above 0·60 mg/1 varied from 6 to 12 weeks.4. The live-weight gain and plasma copper concentration responses are discussed in relation to the pasture herbage concentrations of copper, molybdenum and sulphate.

Effect of copper and cobalt treatment on finishing steers

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MacPherson ◽  
J. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Copper Treatment ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Different Response

ABSTRACT1. An experiment was undertaken with 44 finishing steers (initially of more than 400 kg live weight) into the effects of copper and cobalt treatments.2. Significant responses to copper treatment of up to 0·41 kg per head per day of live-weight gain were obtained.3. A different response to copper treatment between Friesian and beef-type (Hereford or Devon) steers reflected not a true breed effect but a difference in initial copper status.4. Cobalt bullet therapy proved to be ineffective in maintaining normal plasma vitamin B12 concentrations over the course of the experiment although liver cobalt levels were generally adequate.

The effect of winter food level on compensatory growth of weaned, suckled calves grazed at two sward heights

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Wright ◽  
A. J. F. Russel ◽  
E. A. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Level ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Winter Food ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Winter Feeding

ABSTRACTTwo experiments were conducted with weaned, suckled calves to investigate the effect of feeding level during the post-weaning winter on their subsequent performance when continuously grazed on pasture maintained at two sward heights. Low, medium and high levels of winter feeding resulted in winter live-weight gains of 0·31, 0·58 and 0·79 (s.e. 0·027) kg/day (P < 0·001) during the 152-day winter in experiment 1 and 0·44, 0·69 and 0·84 (s.e. 0·029) kg/day (P < 0·001) for 189 days in experiment 2. During summer (93 days in experiment 1 and 87 days in experiment 2) there was a significant effect of winter food level on performance when live-weight gains were 1·10, 1·02, 0·87 and 1·35, 1·23 and 1·19 (s.e. 0·060) kg/day for the low, medium and high winter food levels on the short and tall swards respectively in experiment 1 (P < 0·01) and 0·86, 0·66, 0·51 and 1·26, 1·18 and 0·91 (s.e. 0090) kg/day in experiment 2 (P < 0·001). The cattle showing compensatory growth had higher herbage intakes and it is postulated that this occurred because of a negative association between body fat and herbage intake. Sward height had a large positive effect on herbage intake and live-weight gain and it is concluded that for maximum intake on ryegrass swards, herbage height should be at least 8 cm. Lower levels of winter live-weight gain delayed the time to slaughter, but allowed cattle to achieve heavier carcass weights at a fixed level of fatness.It is concluded that there is no single optimum winter food level for weaned, suckled calves but that the choice will depend upon several factors, including availability of winter and summer food resources, the length of the winter feeding period, the desired date of slaughter and type of carcass to be produced.

The effect of plane of nutrition during calfhood on the subsequent performance of Hereford × Ayrshire steers

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Broadbent ◽  
C. Ball ◽  
T. L. Dodsworth
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Carcass Conformation

SUMMARYThe growth and carcass characteristics of autumn-born Hereford × Ayrshire castrated male calves reared on two planes of nutrition have been studied. Restricted feeding for 12 weeks after weaning from liquid feed to the time the calves were turned out to grass created a difference of 52·0 lb per head in live-weight gain and 15·2 lb of this difference persisted at slaughter. There were small differences in carcass conformation and composition.

Nutritional evaluation of kale (Brassica oleracea) diets:2. Copper deficiency, thyroid function, and selenium status in young cattle and sheep fed kale for prolonged periods

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Barry ◽  
T. C. Reid ◽  
K. R. Millar ◽  
W. A. Sadler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Copper Supplementation ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Clover Pasture

SUMMARYAnimals fed sole diets of kale (Brassica oleracea) were compared with animals fed ryegrass-clover pasture grown on the same soil type in two experiments. In Expt 1 young cattle grazed the two forages for 24 weeks, with supplementary copper and iodine being administered by injection. In Expt 2 young sheep were individually fed the two forages indoors at equal D.m. intake.Animals grazing kale in Expt 1 showed the characteristic symptoms of haemolytio anaemia from ruminal fermentation of S-methyl cysteine sulphoxide (SMCO) (Smith, 1974). This was most severe over the first 6 weeks, during which live-weight gains were very low (250 g/day). In the absence of copper supplementation animals grazing kale showed symptoms of copper deficiency. This was characterized by live-weight gain remaining low throughout the experiment (mean 280 g/day), rapid depletion of liver copper reserves, progressive reductions in serum copper concentration, reductions in erythrocyte copper and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and a massive hepatic accumulation of iron. Copper deficiency only slightly lowered heart muscle copper concentration in kale-fed cattle, and this was counteracted byheart hypertrophy. The major effects of copper deficiency in kale-fed cattle were in erythrocytes, and a metabolic diagram is presented showing these effects to be biochemically similar to those produced by ruminal fermentation of SMCO.Copper supplementation of animals grazing kale increased live-weight gain (mean 425 g/day), reduced Heinz body formation, allowed the animals to recover gradually from the haemolytic anaemia and prevented other symptoms of copper deficiency. In contrast, animals grazing ryegrass-clover pasture showed only a very mild depletion of copper, there being no response in live-weight gain to copper supplementation.Activity of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in whole blood was dependent upon blood selenium concentration in cattle fed both diets. In cattle fed on kale, bub not on pasture, reductions in erythrocyte GSH due to ruminal fermentation of SMCO and to copper deficiency were also associated with depressed blood selenium status.Glucosinolates were present in the kale (11μM/g D.M.) but absent from the pasture diet. Despite this, neither T4 production from the thyroid gland nor the conversion of T4 to T3 appeared to be impaired by kale feeding in either Expt 1 or Expt 2. In Expt 1 serum T3 concentration was better relatedto live-weight gain than was serum T4 concentration, in accord with T3 being the active form of the thyroid hormone.It is concluded that supplementation with copper but not iodine is essential where growing cattle are fed sole diets of kale for periods in excess of 12 weeks

A note on the effect of time of uptake of colostrum on blood gamma-globulin levels, mortality and subsequent performance of housed lambs

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Ducker ◽  
J. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Lamb Survival

SUMMARYAn experiment was conducted to determine the effect of time of uptake of colostrum on blood gamma-globulin concentrations, lamb survival and subsequent growth rate. Seventy-six Greyface ewes and their lambs were housed throughout the experiment. After lambing, the lambs were either allowed to suck their dams immediately or restricted from sucking for 6 or 18 hr after birth. The gamma-globulin concentration in the lamb sera reached a peak 24 to 72 hr after the time of first suck and then gradually declined to 6 weeks. Restriction from sucking for the first 18 hr after birth did not reduce the amount of gamma-globulin absorbed compared with lambs allowed immediate access to colostrum. There was no difference between groups in lamb mortality which was low in all cases. With both single and twin lambs the best live-weight gain was achieved by lambs allowed to suck their dams from birth.

The effect of plane of nutrition and type of diet offered to yearling Friesian steers during a winter store period on subsequent performance

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. J. Steen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Medium Quality

ABSTRACTThree randomized block experiments, involving a total of 80 castrated male cattle, were carried out to examine the effects of plane of nutrition and type of diet offered during a winter store period from about 10 to 15 months of age on the subsequent performance of late-maturing, Friesian steers slaughtered at 22 to 23 months of age. A control diet of medium-quality grass silage (mean digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) 0·617) offered ad libitum and supplemented with 0·3 kg concentrates (17·1 to 25·6 g nitrogen per kg dry matter) per head daily, which was designed to sustain a live-weight gain of 0·4 kg/day, was compared with three diets which were designed to sustain a live-weight gain of 0·7 kg/day. These were medium-quality silage supplemented with 1·6 kg concentrates, medium-quality silage supplemented with 0·6 kg concentrates and 0·25 kg fish meal and high-quality silage (mean DOMD 0·704) supplemented with 0·3 kg concentrates. The animals were at pasture for 5 months after the treatment period and were then given silage and concentrates for 3 months until slaughter. The low and high planes of nutrition sustained mean daily live-weight gains of 0·43 and 0·73 kg respectively, giving a difference in live weight at the end of the treatment period of 45 kg. Compensatory growth at pasture reduced this difference to 30 kg. This resulted in a difference of 17 kg carcass weight between the two planes of nutrition. The type of diet offered at the high plane of nutrition did not affect subsequent performance. It is concluded that, when the live-weight gain of late-maturing, Friesian, yearling cattle was reduced below about 0·7 kg/day, there was relatively little compensatory growth during the subsequent period at pasture and consequently the optimum live-weight gain during the winter for this type of animal may be higher than that previously recommended.

Use of soluble glass rumen boluses to provide a supplement of copper for suckled calves

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Givens ◽  
G. Zervas ◽  
V. R. Simpson ◽  
S. B. Telfer
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Soluble Glass ◽  
Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Plasma Copper

SummaryAn experiment was carried out on a site where the copper content of herbage was relatively low (4·7–6·2 mg/kg d.m.) to examine the value of copper contained in soluble glass rumen boluses as a means of providing supplementary copper to calves.Forty-five spring-born suckled calves (mean live weight 91 kg) were divided into three groups on the basis of body weight. Animals in group GB were given two boluses initially, those in group CI each received copper injections at approximately monthly intervals and those in group C remained as controls throughout. Group C calves became progressively hypocupraemic (minimum mean plasma copper 8·5 μmol/1) compared with those in groups GB and CI which showed an increase in plasma copper concentration. In addition measurements of plasma caeruloplasmin activity, blood haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity all showed significant increases due to treatment. No response in live-weight gain was observed but overall live-weight gain was approximately 1·05 kg/day. Although the initial response in plasma copper was quicker with copper injections, measurements of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity and haemoglobin showed advantages of glass boluses not shared by copper injections. This possibly resulted from the slow release nature of copper in the glass. Under the conditions of the experiment where herbage molybdenum values were relatively low (1·2–1·9 mg/kg d.m.), copper contained in soluble glass boluses appeared to prevent hypocupraemia in calves as effectively as regular copper injections.

A note on the relationship between live-weight gain during calfhood and subsequent performance of intact male calves of the Israeli-Friesian breed

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Folman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

SUMMARYLive-weight gains were recorded for 459 intact male (bull) calves kept in 17 groups on three farms. The correlation coefficient between weight gained during the first 110 to 130 days of life and that gained during the subsequent period until slaughter was r = 0·53 (n = 459; P < 0·001). It is suggested that with bulls, nutritional and other factors which increase live-weight gain during the rearing period to about 4 mo of age may have a positive effect on subsequent performance to slaughter.

Copper deficiency: a study of prophylaxis and the interaction with cobalt therapy in lambs on improved hill pastures

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Whitelaw ◽  
A. J. F. Russel ◽  
R. H. Armstrong ◽  
C. C. Evans ◽  
A. R. Fawcett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Cobalt Deficiency ◽  
History Of ◽  
Short Time

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted with 84 suckling Scottish Blackface twin lambs on an improved hill pasture with a history of cobalt deficiency and molybdenum/sulphur-induced copper deficiency. The dams of 13 pairs of twins were treated with 90 mg copper at parturition (Cue) and one member of each pair was given a cobalt bullet (Co + ). One member of each of a further 29 pairs was treated periodically with 5 to 15mg copper to maintain plasma copper concentrations >0·6mg/l (Cu+) while their siblings received no supplementary copper (Cu). Fourteen of these pairs also received a cobalt bullet (Co + ). Lambs not treated with cobalt are designated Co−.The Cue treatment increased milk copper concentrations, but only for a short time, and resulted in transitory increases in lamb plasma copper concentrations and rate of live-weight gain. At the end of the grazing phase, at approximately 20 weeks of age, Cu+ lambs had gained 0-28 kg more weight than Cue lambs and 158 kg more than Cue lambs, and had higher liver copper concentrations. Cu+ and Cue lambs had heavier and fatter empty bodies and carcasses than Cu− lambs. The cobalt treatment produced no effects at this stage.Fifty-four of the lambs were housed and given dried grass pellets ad libitum. After 83 days liver copper concentrations were higher in Co− than Co+ lambs, and in Cu+ than in Cu− and Cue lambs. The copper treatments had no effect on rate or efficiency of live-weight gain, but Co− lambs gained weight more quickly and more efficiently than Co+ lambs.

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