Effect of body condition at calving on tissue mobilization, development of fatty liver and blood chemistry of dairy cows

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Reid ◽  
C. J. Roberts ◽  
R. J. Treacher ◽  
L. A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Isolated Adipocytes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Friesian Cows

ABSTRACTAn experiment was performed with two groups of nine British Friesian cows to compare the effect of calving in fat or thin condition on (1) the mobilization and functional activity of subcutaneous adipose tissue, (2) the mobilization of skeletal muscle, (3) the development and resolution of fatty infiltration of the liver and (4) the chemistry and haematology of blood. Sampling was performed at various times during the dry period and subsequent lactation. There were no differences between groups in the amount of adipose tissue mobilized between 4 weeks before and 26 weeks after calving. The lipogenic and lipolytic capacities of isolated adipocytes were also not different between groups at any time although major changes occurred in both over the calving period and during early lactation. Acetate oxidation to carbon dioxide was higher in adipocytes isolated from thin cows particularly after calving. More muscle fibre area was lost in the fat cows compared with the thin cows between 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after calving and the fat cows had greater infiltration of fat in the liver at 1 and 4 weeks after calving than the thin cows. The mean white-cell count was lower and the packed-cell volume was higher in the fat cows than in the thin cows at 1 week after calving. The major differences between groups in blood composition were increased concentrations of copper, non-esterified fatty acids, bilirubin and enzymes such as ornithine carbamyl transferase in the fat cows after calving. These results suggest that fat and thin cows respond differently to the metabolic demands of early lactation and that some of these differences render fat cows more susceptible to disease.

scholarly journals T cells in mesenteric and subcutaneous adipose tissue of Holstein-Friesian cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara M. Oliveira ◽  
Ana M. Rasteiro ◽  
Alexandra Correia ◽  
Ana Pinto ◽  
Pedro Meireles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Friesian Cows

scholarly journals Characterization of Myeloid Cellular Populations in Mesenteric and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Holstein-Friesian Cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara M. Oliveira ◽  
Ana Pinto ◽  
Alexandra Correia ◽  
Paula G. Ferreira ◽  
Manuel Vilanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Friesian Cows

Staged ultrasound-guided liposuction for hidden arteriovenous fistulas in obese patients

VASA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-407
Author(s):  
Gabor Cs.Nagy ◽  
Reiner Verwiebe ◽  
Matthias Wunsch
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract. Background: In obese patients with end stage renal disease, puncturing matured arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) that run deep under the skin surface may prove difficult. To achieve reliable puncturability, there are several surgical solutions. Superficialization with mobilization is common. With some newer options (lipectomy and liposuction) subcutaneous adipose tissue is surgically reduced. There are only a few authors who have published their experience with liposuction and we want to add our own results. Patients and methods: We report our experience with ultrasound-guided liposuction (USGL). We introduce liposuction cannulas via small incisions to reduce the subcutaneous adipose tissue overlying the planned cannulation zones under ultrasound control using tumescent anaesthesia till the prospective needle access segments become easily palpable. So far, we have used this technique for cephalic forearm and upper arm fistulas only. Furthermore, we review the relevant literature. Results: From February 2014 through November 2016, six patients were treated using USGL. Their body mass indices ranged from 30.8 to 53.8 kg/m2 (mean 37.6). The mean depths of the AVFs beneath the skin surface were 13.3 (8–20) mm before and 5.1 (3.5–6) mm after surgery. The mean time of the procedure was 15 minutes. There were no postoperative complications. In five patients, the AVFs could reliably be punctured after three weeks. One patient is not yet on dialysis. During the follow-up period of 24 (11–43) months, all six AVFs remained primarily patent. In the literature, we found nine reports on altogether 81 patients undergoing USGL. Almost all noteworthy complications occurred only after ultrasound-powered liquefaction of adipose tissue, which was only used by a single investigator. Conclusions: USGL is a method that can be learned easily, is minimally invasive, seems to be safe, and requires only short operation times.

Effects of Feeding a Zero- or High-Roughage Diet to Cattle upon Adipose Tissue Lipogenesis

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 532-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Buchanan-Smith ◽  
F. D. Horney ◽  
W. R. Usborne ◽  
T. D. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Hereford steer calves were fed whole shelled corn or corn silage diets to determine the effect of dietary roughage level on lipogenic enzymes of adipose tissue. In Trial 1, perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue were taken post-mortem from 32 steers who had been fed either diet ad libitum for at least 175 days and weighed 450 kg live. In Trial 2, for which a changeover design was used, six cattle were fed both diets so that energy intake was calculated to be equal for each. Perirenal adipose tissue was taken in the second trial by biopsy when the steers weighed 200 kg live. In Trial 1, compared to high-roughage, the zero-roughage diet elicited from a two- to fourfold increase (P < 0.05) in activity of pentose phosphate pathway dehydrogenases of adipose tissue. This dietary effect was not observed in Trial 2. In both trials, acetyl-CoA synthetase activity and fatty acid synthesizing capacity from acetate of adipose tissue were unaffected by diet. Carcasses from animals fed the zero-roughage diet in Trial 1 contained 6% more separable fat (P < 0.05) than carcasses from animals fed the high-roughage diet. The mean of both trials for plasma acetate from animals fed the zero-roughage diet was 0.61 μmol/ml, which was less (P < 0.05) than 0.95 μmol/ml, which was the comparable value determined from animals fed the high-roughage diet. Plasma propionate was increased (P < 0.05) by feeding the zero-roughage diet in both trials but accounted for less than 20% of volatile fatty acids in all samples examined.

Prepartal dietary energy alters transcriptional adaptations of the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue of dairy cows during the transition period

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 328-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selim ◽  
S. Salin ◽  
J. Taponen ◽  
A. Vanhatalo ◽  
T. Kokkonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Overfeeding during the dry period may predispose cows to increased insulin resistance (IR) with enhanced postpartum lipolysis. We studied gene expression in the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of 16 Finnish Ayrshire dairy cows fed either a controlled energy diet [Con, 99 MJ/day metabolizable energy (ME)] during the last 6 wk of the dry period or high-energy diet (High, 141 MJ/day ME) for the first 3 wk and then gradually decreasing energy allowance during 3 wk to 99 MJ/day ME before the expected parturition. Tissue biopsies were collected at −10, 1, and 9 days, and blood samples at −10, 1, and 7 days relative to parturition. Overfed cows had greater dry matter, crude protein, and ME intakes and ME balance before parturition. Daily milk yield, live weight, and body condition score were not different between treatments. The High cows tended to have greater plasma insulin and lower glucagon/insulin ratio compared with Con cows. No differences in circulating glucose, glucagon, nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations, and hepatic triglyceride contents were observed between treatments. Overfeeding compared with Con resulted in lower CPT1A and PCK1 and a tendency for lower G6PC and PC expression in the liver. The High group tended to have lower RETN expression in SAT than Con. No other effects of overfeeding on the expression of genes related to IR in SAT were observed. In conclusion, overfeeding energy prepartum may have compromised hepatic gluconeogenic capacity and slightly affected IR in SAT based on gene expression.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia, Precardial Adipose Tissue and High Tumor Volume as Outcome Predictors in Surgically Treatedpleural Mesothelioma

Diagnostics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Oliver Guido Verhoek ◽  
Lisa Jungblut ◽  
Olivia Lauk ◽  
Christian Blüthgen ◽  
Isabelle Opitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Background: We evaluated the prognostic value of Sarcopenia, low precardial adipose-tissue (PAT), and high tumor-volume in the outcome of surgically-treated pleural mesothelioma (PM). Methods: From 2005 to 2020, consecutive surgically-treated PM-patients having a pre-operative computed tomography (CT) scan were retrospectively included. Sarcopenia was assessed by CT-based parameters measured at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra (TH5) by excluding fatty-infiltration based on CT-attenuation. The findings were stratified for gender, and a threshold of the 33rd percentile was set to define sarcopenia. Additionally, tumor volume as well as PAT were measured. The findings were correlated with progression-free survival and long-term mortality. Results: Two-hundred-seventy-eight PM-patients (252 male; 70.2 ± 9 years) were included. The mean progression-free survival was 18.6 ± 12.2 months, and the mean survival time was 23.3 ± 24 months. Progression was associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (p = <0.001), tumor-stage (p = 0.001), and type of surgery (p = 0.026). Three-year mortality was associated with higher patient age (p = 0.005), presence of COPD (p < 0.001), higher tumor-stage (p = 0.015), and higher tumor-volume (p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier statistics showed that sarcopenic patients have a higher three-year mortality (p = 0.002). While there was a negative correlation of progression-free survival and mortality with tumor volume (r = 0.281, p = 0.001 and r = −0.240, p < 0.001; respectively), a correlation with PAT could only be shown for epithelioid PM (p = 0.040). Conclusions: Sarcopenia as well as tumor volume are associated with long-term mortality in surgically treated PM-patients. Further, while there was a negative correlation of progression-free survival and mortality with tumor volume, a correlation with PAT could only be shown for epithelioid PM.

Higher production of IL-8 in visceral vs. subcutaneous adipose tissue. Implication of nonadipose cells in adipose tissue

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (1) ◽  
pp. E8-E13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens M. Bruun ◽  
Aina S. Lihn ◽  
Atul K. Madan ◽  
Steen B. Pedersen ◽  
Kirsten M. Schiøtt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Isolated Adipocytes ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Circulating Levels

IL-8 is released from human adipose tissue. Circulating IL-8 is increased in obese compared with lean subjects and is associated with measures of insulin resistance, development of atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. We studied 1) the production and release of IL-8 in vitro from paired samples of subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue and 2) the production of IL-8 from whole adipose tissue, isolated adipocytes, and nonfat cells of adipose tissue. IL-8 release from VAT was fourfold higher than from SAT ( P < 0.05), and IL-8 mRNA was twofold higher in VAT compared with SAT ( P < 0.01). Dexamethasone (50 nM) attenuated IL-8 production by 50% ( P < 0.05), and IL-1β (2 μg/l) increased IL-8 production up to 15-fold ( P < 0.001). IL-8 release from whole SAT explants correlated with body mass index (BMI; r = 0.78; P < 0.001), as did IL-8 release from nonfat cells ( r = 0.79; P < 0.001). However, no correlation was found between IL-8 release from the fraction of isolated adipocytes and BMI ( r = 0.01). In conclusion, we demonstrated an increased release of IL-8 from VAT compared with SAT. Furthermore, our data suggest that the observed elevation in circulating levels of IL-8 in obese subjects is due primarily to the release of IL-8 from nonfat cells from adipose tissue. The high levels of IL-8 release from human adipose tissue and accumulation of this tissue in obese subjects may account for some of the increase in circulating IL-8 observed in obesity.

Effect of body condition at calving on the health and performance of dairy cows

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Treacher ◽  
I. M. Reid ◽  
C. J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Friesian Cows

ABSTRACTTwo groups of nine British Friesian cows were fed from about 32 weeks before calving to achieve condition scores at calving of 2·5 (thin) and 4 (fat). For 10 weeks after calving all cows were offered 7 kg hay daily in four feeds, with concentrates given five times daily according to appetite.During early lactation, the group of fat cows had lower dry-matter intakes and daily milk yields and yielded less milk protein and lactose than the group of thin cows. The mean yield of milk over the whole lactation was 500 kg less in the fat cows but the difference was not significant. The fat cows lost 48 kg body weight and 1·20 units condition score during early lactation compared with 27 kg body weight and 0·52 units condition score in the thin cows. No difference in reproductive performance was found between the two groups but significantly more cases of disease occurred in the fat cows than in the thin cows.It is concluded that cows that are fat at calving eat less than thin cows, give the same or less milk than thin cows, mobolize more body tissue and lose more weight after calving than thin cows and suffer more disease.

scholarly journals New intragastric sleeve technique reduces adipose tissue in pig experimental model: tomographic study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Ricardo Paiva Araújo dos Scheiba Zorron ◽  
Saulo José Quina Silva ◽  
Silvia Marcela Ruiz Cadena ◽  
Marcelo Borges dos Santos Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Single Port ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reduce Weight Gain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract In order to implement a new bariatric surgery technique, we verify the efficacy of intragastric sleeve to reduce weight gain and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Animals were divided into two groups: G1 (single-port intragastric sleeve) and G2 (sham group). The stomach was surgically reduced by single-port intragastric sutures to fo a gastric sleeve. Animals were submitted to computer tomography (CT) before the surgical procedure and after 18 weeks. Images were analyzed and measurements of the thickness of SAT, depth and width of the longissimus dorsi muscle and the rib eye area were made. Body weight and CT measurements were analyzed using the GLM PROC. The correlation coefficients were calculated among weight, moments and measures. There was a significant difference in weight gain, in which G1 had an average of 42.803 ± 3.206 kg, lower than G2 (45.966 ± 4.767 kg). The mean values for SAT and muscle measurements differed significantly between groups, in which G1 achieved the lowest values. All variables had significant correlations and high magnitude. Intragastric sleeve surgery induced a significant decrease of SAT. The new intragastric sleeve technique is feasible, safe and effective, mainly in reducing fat deposition, making it an important alternative in bariatric surgical treatment.

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