Fluctuations in the herring and pilchard fisheries of devon and cornwall linked to change in climate since the 16th century

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Southward ◽  
G. T. Boalch ◽  
Linda Maddock
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
South Coast ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
Behaviour Changes

Scientific data from the last 100 years are combined with primary and secondary historical information on the fisheries to summarize changes in the relative abundance of pilchards and herrings in the south-west in the last 400 years. The fluctuations in the two species are compared with recorded and inferred annual mean temperatures over the period. Pilchards are more abundant and extend farther to the east when the climate is warmer, as from 1590 to 1640 and from 1930 to 1960. In cooler times, as in the second half of the seventeenth century, herrings are more abundant while the pilchard fishery occurs later in the year and is restricted to west Cornwall. Lesser changes in the relative abundance of the two species and the timing of the fishery along the south coast of Devon and Cornwall in the intervening periods between these extremes accord fairly well with smaller fluctuations in climate. It is presumed that in addition to direct effects on reproduction and behaviour, changes in climate can indirectly influence the relative competitive advantage of the species through alterations in the associated ecosystem.

scholarly journals Experiments on the Relative Abundance of Anchovies off the South Coast of England

1892 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Calderwood
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
South Coast ◽  
The South

By a resolution of the Council of the Association, passed on the 25th March, 1891, it was determined to proceed as speedily as possible with the inquiry into the relative abundance of anchovies on the south coast of England.

Responses of plant functional types to environmental gradients in the south-west Ethiopian highlands

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desalegn Wana ◽  
Carl Beierkuhnlein
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Plant Functional Types ◽  
The South ◽  
Ethiopian Highlands ◽  
South West ◽  
Functional Types

Abstract:Plant functional types across environmental gradients can be considered as a powerful proxy that reveals vegetation–environment relationships. The objectives of this study were to investigate the response in the relative abundance of plant functional types along altitudinal gradients and to examine the relationship of plant functional types to environmental variables. The study was conducted in the Gughe-Amaro Mountains, in the south-west Ethiopian highlands. We established 74 plots with an area of 400 m2(20 × 20 m) each along altitudinal ranges between 1000 and 3000 m asl. Data on site environmental conditions and on the abundance of plant functional types were analysed using the constrained linear ordination technique (RDA) in order to identify the relationships between plant functional types and environmental variables. Altitude, soil organic carbon, soil sand fraction and surface stone cover were significantly related to the relative abundance of plant functional types across the gradient. Tussocks and thorns/spines were abundant in lower altitudinal ranges in response to herbivory and drought while rhizomes and rosettes were abundant at higher altitudes in response to the cold. Generally our results show that topographic attributes (altitude and slope) as well as soil organic carbon play an important role in differentiating the relative abundance of plant functional types in the investigated gradient. Thus, considering specific plant functional types would provide a better understanding of the ecological patterns of vegetation and their response to environmental gradients in tropical regions of Africa prone to drought.

A revision of the Sphaerolobium fornicatum complex (Leguminosae: Mirbelieae) from south-west Western Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Ryonen Butcher ◽  
Jennifer A. Chappill
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
The South ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Taxonomic Key ◽  
South West

In this paper the Sphaerolobium fornicatum Benth. complex is revised. The name S.�fornicatum is correctly applied to collections with very slender stems and opposite phyllotaxis from near the south coast of Western Australia and two new, closely allied species, S.�calcicola R.Butcher and S.�hygrophilum R.Butcher, are described and distinguished from S.�fornicatum. A morphometric study shows that these three taxa are distinct and a UPGMA classification and MDS ordination of selected specimens is presented. Illustrations, distribution maps and full descriptions of the taxa within this complex are provided, together with a taxonomic key to these and other species of Sphaerolobium possessing distinctly black-punctate calyces.

Production and persistence of subtropical grasses in environments with Mediterranean climates

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 798 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Moore ◽  
T. O. Albertsen ◽  
P. Ramankutty ◽  
P. G. H. Nichols ◽  
J. W. Titterington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
South Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Agricultural Region ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
South West ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Chloris Gayana

The agricultural region of south-west Western Australia (WA) has a Mediterranean climate, characterised by a winter-dominant rainfall pattern. Perennial subtropical grasses are increasingly being grown to increase productivity and reduce erosion on infertile sandy soils in the northern agricultural region (NAR) of WA, an area with mild winters and dry, hot summers. However, little information exists on the persistence of different species or their expected seasonal production and feed quality. On the south coast of WA, an area with dry, warm summers and a maritime influence, kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) has been widely sown, but there is little information on the potential of other subtropical grasses. To address these issues, five trials were established across the agricultural area of south-west WA to measure the seasonal production, feed quality and persistence of the main, commercially available subtropical grasses over 3–4 years. This study demonstrates that subtropical grasses have a long-term role in the NAR in areas with mild winters and/or where the rainfall is >400 mm. The best performing subtropical grasses across a range of sites were panic grass (Megathyrsus maximus) and Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana). These species can be expected to have a water-use efficiency of ~10 kg ha–1 mm–1 over a 12-month period, provided there is a good perennial grass density. On the south coast, panic grass, Rhodes grass and setaria (Setaria sphacelata) persisted well and produced significantly more biomass than kikuyu. These grasses could complement kikuyu by increasing out-of-season production. At Kojonup, a more inland site, most of the subtropical grasses died over winter from a combination of occasional frosts and cold, wet soils. However, kikuyu re-grew from rhizomes in spring and maintained >90% ground cover 4 years after sowing. The results from these experiments are likely to be applicable to other regions across the globe with Mediterranean climates and similar soil types.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF TOURISM RISKS IN COASTAL AREAS:

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
Gatot Iwan Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
West Java ◽  
South West ◽  
Tourism Sector

The South Coast Special Interest Area of ​​South West Java is an area that will be developed based on the West Java Province Tourism Development Master Plan in 2016-2025. This plan is a follow-up to the Indonesian Government's program that continues to improve the tourism sector. the success of the development is expected to significantly increase the number of visitors. It should be understood that increasing visitors will increase foreign exchange and the economy of the community but will lead to a risk. This study aims to make risk assessments that occur in this area so that it will provide prevention information on risks that might occur. Qualitative results are observed and interviewed. it was found that the risk was caused by low public awareness, lack of preparedness of the local government in developing the tourism sector, a conflict of interest because the south coast was owned by three districts and other reasons.

The Abbotts and Their Book: A Dynasty of Decorative Plasterers and Their Work in Devon, c. 1580-1727

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 285-320
Author(s):  
Jenny Saunt
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The South ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
South West ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Design And Production

ABSTRACTThe 'Abbott Book' is a seventeenth-century pocketbook of over three hundred pages of drawings and notes on decorative plaster and paint made by members of the Abbott family of Devonshire. It has a long and contested history. From the 1920s through to the 1950s, it was given sixteenth-century origins and described as a compilation made by several generations of the Abbott family. During this period, the book's drawings were used to attribute much sixteenth- and seventeenth-century decorative plaster in the south-west of England to the Abbott dynasty of plasterers. Then, through the 1980s and 1990s, the Abbott story was revisited and dramatically revised. The book was declared a post-1660 work and previous notions of several generations of Abbotts creating it were dispelled. The whole work was reattributed to one man, John Abbott, who was born in 1642 and died in 1727. As a result, plasterwork across the south-west was reattributed to an anonymous 'Devon School' of plasterers and, with its new and dramatically shortened lifespan, the book's usefulness as a source for the broader practices of plasterwork in the period was diminished. Using new evidence relating to watermarks, the genealogy of the Abbotts, the plasterwork they produced and the print sources they used for drawings in the book, this article rewrites the Abbott Book story. It restores the notion that the pocketbook was used by several different members of the Abbott family — at least three and possibly four — over the 150 years between c. 1580 and 1727. By providing a logic and a timeline for its complex compilation pattern, it allows the drawings in the book to shed new light on the design and production processes of seventeenth-century plasterwork not just in Devon, but also in England as a whole.

Two hitherto unknown Indonesian tsunamis of the seventeenth century: Probabilities and context

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Reid
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The South ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
2004 Tsunami ◽  
Geological Research

The 2004 tsunami intensified fruitful scientific research into dating past tectonic events in Sumatra, though without comparable work on Java. Geology needs to be informed by careful historical research on documented events, but less such work has been done in Indonesia than in other tectonically endangered areas. This paper examines the historical evidence for two hitherto unknown tsunamis of the seventeenth century. In better-researched Sumatra, Dutch reports that a flood from the sea devastated Aceh in 1660 adds to what the geologists have discovered on the ground. By contrast geological research has barely begun on the south coast of Java. Javanese sources for events before 1800 need careful re-evaluation. The myths around Ratu Kidul, the ‘Queen of the South Seas’, together with more chronologically reliable dated babads, point to a major tsunami in 1618 on the coast south of Yogyakarta.

The Zoroastrian fire temple in the ex-Portuguese colony of Diu, India

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Shokoohy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Town

AbstractThe ex-Portuguese town of Diu on the island with the same name off the south coast of Saurashtra, Gujarat, is one of the best-preserved and yet least-studied Portuguese colonial towns. Diu was the last of the Portuguese strongholds in India, the control of which was finally achieved in 1539 after many years of futile struggle and frustrating negotiations with the sultanate of Gujarat. During the late sixteenth and seventeenth century Diu remained a main staging post for Portuguese trade in the Indian Ocean, but with the appearance of the Dutch, and later the French and British, on the scene the island gradually lost its strategic importance. The town was subjected to little renovation during the nineteenth century while in the twentieth century Diu was no more than an isolated Portuguese outpost with meagre trade until it was taken over by India in 1961. As a result, unlike the other former Portuguese colonies in India – Daman and Goa – Diu has preserved most of its original characteristics: a Portuguese colonial town plan, a sixteenth-century fort and a number of old churches, as well as many of the eighteenth and nineteenth-century houses.

Plague, Covenants, and Confession: The Strange Case of Ayr, 1647–8

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Brock
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
South West ◽  
South West Coast ◽  
Religious Radicalism ◽  
The Town

This article explores a remarkable series of communal confessions that occurred in Ayr in response to the arrival of the plague in 1647, asking what this previously overlooked episode reveals about the local identities forged amid the national turmoil of the mid-seventeenth century. When the disease struck the bustling port on the south-west coast, Ayr had already cemented a reputation for political and religious radicalism, and the town was engaged in on-going defence of the covenants of 1638 and 1643. The minister at the time, William Adair, was a committed presbyterian in the early days of his forty-four-year career in the parish. Faced with the plague and its potential for devastation, Adair led his congregation in a week-long series of public, collective confessions, the details of which were meticulously recorded in the kirk session minutes. Though covenanter identity is often framed as a political and national endeavour, this article argues that the events in Ayr constitute an extraordinary yet widely relevant example of covenanter ‘self-fashioning’ as a fundamentally local, communal process.

The Lithology of the Inferior Oolite, Dundry (North Somerset)

1930 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 517-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Cleak
Keyword(s):  
Previous Literature ◽  
South Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
South West

The petrology of the Mid-Jurassic sands in the south-west of England has been described both by Professor P. G. H. Boswell and Dr. J. G. A. Skerl. Professor Boswell has dealt with the Toarcian-Aalenian sands from various localities between Cheltenham and the Dorset coast; Dr. Skerl with certain Bajocian and Bathonian beds in the North Cotteswolds. The present paper gives some account of the lithology and terrigenous minerals of the oolitic limestones of Dundry, an area approximately midway between the Cheltenham region and the south coast. Dundry Hill is an isolated patch of Oolite some 8 miles west of the Bath Hills, and Dundry village, which stands on its crest, is 5 miles south of Bristol. The geology and palaeontology of the area have received the attention of many geologists from the time of Conybeare and Phillips, but here only the work of S. S. Buckman and E. Wilson need be referred to, since these authors fully review the previous literature. Buckman and Wilson described the rocks in great detail, and their classification of the strata has been utilized here.

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