scholarly journals A NEW JERUSALEM ‘AT THE ENDS OF THE EARTH’: INTERPRETING CHARLES THOMAS’S EXCAVATIONS AT IONA ABBEY 1956–63

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 33-85
Author(s):  
Ewan Campbell ◽  
Adrián Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Illustrated Manuscripts ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
New Jerusalem ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Information ◽  
Schematic Layout ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function

Iona was a major European intellectual and artistic centre during the seventh to ninth centuries, with outstanding illustrated manuscripts, sculpture and religious writings produced there, despite its apparently peripheral location ‘at the ends of the earth’. Recent theological discourse has emphasised the leading role of Iona, and particularly its ninth abbot, Adomnán, in developing the metaphor of the earthly monastery as a mirror of heavenly Jerusalem, allowing us to suggest a new appreciation of the innovative monastic layout at Iona and its influence on other monasteries in northern Britain. The authors contend that the unique paved roadway and the schematic layout of the early church, shrine chapel and free-standing crosses were intended to evoke Jerusalem, and that the journey to the sacred heart of the site mirrored a pilgrim’s journey to the tomb of Christ. The key to this transformative understanding is Charles Thomas’s 1956–63 campaign of excavations on Iona, which this article is publishing for the first time. These excavations were influential in the history of early Christian archaeology in Britain as they helped to form many of Thomas’s ideas, later expressed in a series of influential books. They also revealed important new information on the layout and function of the monastic complex, and produced some unique metalwork and glass artefacts that considerably expand our knowledge of activities on the site. This article collates this new information with a re-assessment of the evidence from a large series of other excavations on Iona, and relates the results to recent explorations at other Insular monastic sites.

scholarly journals The IAU and the Impact Hazard

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (S349) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Hans Rickman
Keyword(s):  
Special Focus ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
The Earth ◽  
International Coordination ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA brief history of research concerning the risk of impacts by asteroids or comets onto the Earth is presented with attention to the role played by the IAU. Special focus is placed on the events that occurred about 20 years ago, which caused the IAU to become seriously involved in dealing with the impact hazard and to take a leading role in international coordination of these activities.

The So-Called Gundulf's Tower at Rochester Cathedral. A Reconsideration of its History, Date and Function

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 111-176
Author(s):  
J. Philip McAleer
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Bell Tower ◽  
Defensive Function ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
And Function

Since the early eighteenth century, on the basis of no particular evidence, the tower standing uncomfortably close to the north choir aisle at Rochester has been attributed to Bishop Gundulf, the builder of the first Romanesque cathedral church begun c.1080. Recently, it has been suggested that the tower dates to the mid-twelfth century and was erected as a bell tower. This paper assembles the documented history of the tower, speculates about its original form, and presents comparative material. Early post-Conquest towers of a possible defensive function and the few known examples of free-standing bell towers in twelfth-century England are considered in an attempt to establish a date and function for the tower. On the basis of this evidence, it may be suggested that an early post-Conquest – and pre-Gundulf – date is more likely than one in the mid-twelfth century, and that it was more probably erected for defensive purposes rather than as a bell tower.

The Bakerian Lecture, 1972 - Insulin, its chemistry and biochemistry

1974 ◽  
Vol 186 (1084) ◽  
pp. 191-215 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Analysis ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Know How ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Structure Of Proteins

It is fifty years, this year, since insulin was successfully used to treat patients suffering from diabetes. It is thirty years since A. C. Chibnall gave the Bakerian lecture on ‘Amino acid analysis and the structure of proteins’, (1942), including insulin, and ten years since F. G. Young gave the Croonian lecture on ‘Insulin and its action’ (1962). It is difficult not to feel that this is a particularly appropriate moment at which to discuss, once again, insulin, its chemistry and biochemistry, its structure and function. Chibnall did, of course, warn us in 1942 to beware of the ‘hypnotic power of numerology’. The most serious reason for discussing insulin today is not the existence of the recurring anniversaries (other dates are more important in the history of the study of insulin), but the fact that we still do not know how it works in living creatures. Very recently we have acquired a great wealth of new information about the actual arrangement in space of the atoms in insulin molecules in crystals. We can begin to answer many of the questions chemists and biochemists have been asking about the behaviour of insulin for years past. It seems useful to give here some of these answers in the hope that they may guide further experiments towards the complete understanding of the action of insulin that still eludes us.

scholarly journals The early evolution of the earth, the beginning of its geological history: how and when the granitoid magmas appeared

LITOSFERA ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 653-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail I. Kuzmin ◽  
Vladimir V. Yarmolyuk ◽  
Alexander B. Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mantle Plumes ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Geological Situation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archean Crust ◽  
Primary Substance ◽  
Basaltic Crust

The Earth has a number of differences from the planets of the Solar System and other star-planetary systems. These differences were acquired during its formation and geological history. In the early Chaotic eon occurred the accretion of the Earth, the separation of the primary substance of the Earth into a mantle and a nucleus, a satellite of the Earth - the Moon appeared. 4500 Ma ago in the Gadey aeon the geological history of the Earth began. At this time, the endogenous processes on the Earth were controlled to a great extent by meteorite-asteroid bombardments, which caused large-scale melting and differentiation of the upper shells of the Earth. In the magmatic chambers differentiation proceeded until the appearance of melts of granitoid composition. The continental crust of Gadey time was almost completely destroyed by meteoric bombardments, the last heavy bombardment occurred at the end of the Gadey aeon 4000-3900 Ma ago. The geological situation of the Gadey time can be judged only from the preserved zircons from the rocks of that epoch. In particular, their geochemical features indicate that the Earth has an atmosphere. The Gadey eon was replaced by the Archean one, from which the processes of self-organization began to predominate on the Earth. At this time, a crust composed of komatiite-basalt and tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) series of rocks was formed. In its formation, the processes of sagduction (vertical growth of the crust) over the rising mantle plumes was played the leading role. At the same time the lower basaltic crust was bured in the mantle, eclogitized and melted, which led to the appearance of the sodium series of TTG rocks. At the end of the Archean 3.1-3.0 Ga tectonics of the cover (LID tectonics), which determined the style of the structure and development of the Archean crust, is replaced by the tectonics of small plates, which was later replaced by modern tectonics - the tectonics of plates combined with mantle plumes.

scholarly journals The Bakerian Lecture,1972 - Insulin, its chemistry and biochemistry

1974 ◽  
Vol 338 (1614) ◽  
pp. 251-275 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Analysis ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Know How ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Structure Of Proteins

It is fifty years, this year, since insulin was successfully used to treat patients suffering from diabetes. It is thirty years since A. C. Chibnall gave the Bakerian lecture on ‘Amino acid analysis and the structure of proteins’, (1942), including insulin, and ten years since F. G. Young gave the Croonian lecture on ‘Insulin and its action’ (1962). It is difficult not to feel that this is a particularly appropriate moment at which to discuss, once again, insulin, its chemistry and biochemistry, its structure and function. Chibnall did, of course, warn us in 1942 to beware of the ‘hypnotic power of numerology’. The most serious reason for discussing insulin today is not the existence of the recurring anniversaries (other dates are more important in the history of the study of insulin), but the fact that we still do not know how it works in living creatures. Very recently we have acquired a great wealth of new information about the actual arrangement in space of the atoms in insulin molecules in crystals. We can begin to answer many of the questions chemists and biochemists have been asking about the behaviour of insulin for years past. It seems useful to give here some of these answers in the hope that they may guide further experiments towards the complete understanding of the action of insulin that still eludes us.

scholarly journals THE ARCHIVE OF THE SOLOVETSKY MONASTERY IN THE SCIENTIFIC PATH OF THE PERM UNIVERSITY`S PROFESSOR BORIS D. GREKOV

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
N. A. Marchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Solovetsky Monastery ◽  
Perm Region

The archive of the Solovetsky Stavropegial Monastery is a unique monument of Russian medieval writing and a valuable source on the history of monastic land ownership in the 15th – 17th centuries. The Archaeographic Commis-sion and the Holy Synod saved the monastery`s archive in 1917, ensured its preservation and secured scholars’ ac-cess to the documents. The article focuses on Professor Boris Dmitrievich Grekov (1882–1953) and his contribution to the evacuation of the Solovetsky archive from Arkhangelsk to Perm along with its preservation from destruction. Grekov was the founder of the Department of Russian History at the Perm University, a member of the USSR Acad-emy of Sciences, and was honored by getting the Stalin award. Grekov’s personal files deposited in the State Ar-chives of the Perm Region are the main source for the research. The documents help better understand the scientific and pedagogic work of this outstanding scholar in Perm. In addition to Grekov’s contribution, the article highlights the role of the Perm diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church and its head, the archbishop of Perm and Kungur An-dronik (Nikolsky), in rescuing the documents of the Solovetsky monastery and delivering them to Perm. The author introduces new information into the scientific circulation that sheds the light on the activity of the scientific corpora-tion of the Perm University during the years of the revolution and the Civil War. The author concludes that the preservation of the unique monument of medieval Russian history (the archive of the Solovetsky Monastery) was a joint effort of the Perm University and Perm Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. The leading role in this rescue goes to the scholars of the Perm University and personally to Boris Grekov

The So-Called Gundulf's Tower at Rochester Cathedral. A Reconsideration of its History, Date and Function

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 111-176
Author(s):  
J. Philip McAleer
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Bell Tower ◽  
Defensive Function ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
And Function

Since the early eighteenth century, on the basis of no particular evidence, the tower standing uncomfortably close to the north choir aisle at Rochester has been attributed to Bishop Gundulf, the builder of the first Romanesque cathedral church begun c.1080. Recently, it has been suggested that the tower dates to the mid-twelfth century and was erected as a bell tower. This paper assembles the documented history of the tower, speculates about its original form, and presents comparative material. Early post-Conquest towers of a possible defensive function and the few known examples of free-standing bell towers in twelfth-century England are considered in an attempt to establish a date and function for the tower. On the basis of this evidence, it may be suggested that an early post-Conquest – and pre-Gundulf – date is more likely than one in the mid-twelfth century, and that it was more probably erected for defensive purposes rather than as a bell tower.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document