The Guiry Cork-stone

Antiquity ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 39 (156) ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
S. Arnette ◽  
J. D. Peek
Keyword(s):  
Paris Basin ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
North West ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Grave Goods

In October 1915 there was discovered near the small village of Guiry, 50 km. north-west of Paris, an example of the typical Paris Basin Gallery Grave or Allée Couverte. It came to be known as the Allée Couverte du Bois Couturier, and is a relatively small example of this type of tomb which predominates in the departments of Seine-et-Oise and Oise, and extends eastwards into neighbouring departments. The grave-goods belong mainly, though not exclusively, to the Seine-Oise-Marne culture as first defined by Bosch-Gimpera and Serra Rafols [I]. Daniel regarded the Paris Galleries as dating probably from about 1700-1400 B.C.; Bailloud, on the basis of certain radiocarbon dates available since Daniel's study, considers the SOM culture (which is of course not necessarily completely coeval with the Paris Galleries) to have begun around 2400-2300 B.c., and to have ended around 1700-1600 B.C. [2].

A gold diadem from Aegina

1987 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 182-182
Author(s):  
Reynold Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
British Museum ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Middle Helladic ◽  
Dead Man ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Grave Goods

A recent discovery on the island of Aegina by Professor H. Walter (University of Salzburg) throws a new light on the origins of the so-called Aegina Treasure in the British Museum.In 1982 the Austrians were excavating the Bronze Age settlement on Cape Kolonna, to the north-west of Aegina town. Immediately to the east of the ruined Temple of Apollo, and close to the South Gate of the prehistoric Lower Town, they found an unrobbed shaft grave containing the burial of a warrior. The gravegoods (now exhibited in the splendid new Museum on the Kolonna site) included a bronze sword with a gold and ivory hilt, three bronze daggers, one with gold fittings, a bronze spear-head, arrowheads of obsidian, boar's tusks from a helmet, and fragments of a gold diadem (plate Va). The grave also contained Middle Minoan, Middle Cycladic, and Middle Helladic (Mattpainted) pottery. The pottery and the location of the grave in association with the ‘Ninth City’ combine to give a date for the burial of about 1700 BC; and the richness of the grave-goods would suggest that the dead man was a king.

scholarly journals Carbonate sedimentation and effects of eutrophication observed at the Kališta subaquatic springs in Lake Ohrid (Macedonia)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 4715-4747 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Matter ◽  
F. S. Anselmetti ◽  
B. Jordanoska ◽  
B. Wagner ◽  
M. Wessels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Authigenic Carbonate ◽  
Sidescan Sonar ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Lake Ohrid ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Spring Area

Abstract. To date, little is known about the role of spring waters with respect to authigenic carbonate precipitation in the shallow lacustrine setting. Lake Ohrid, located in Southeastern Europe, is a large lake fed to over 50% by karstic springs of which half enter subaquatically and influence significantly its ecology and species distribution. In order to evaluate how sedimentological processes are influenced by such shallow-water springs, the Kališta subaquatic spring area in the north west of Lake Ohrid was investigated by a sidescan sonar survey and with sediment traps and three transects of gravity short cores. Results indicate that sedimentation in the spring area is dominated by authigenic carbonate precipitation. High sedimentation rates and evidences for bio-induced precipitation processes were observed in the water column and in the sediments. Two distinct stratigraphic units characterize the shallow subsurface, both composed of carbonate silts with high carbonate contents of up to 96%, but differing in color, carbonate content and diatom content. A chronological correlation of the cores by radiocarbon dates and 137Cs activities places the transition between the two stratigraphic units after ~1955 AD. At that time, coastal sedimentation changed drastically to significantly darker sediments with higher contents of organic matter and more abundant diatoms. This change coincides with the recent human impact of littoral eutrophication.

scholarly journals Biostratigraphical criteria for the recognition of the Coniacian to Maastrichtian stage boundaries in the Chalk of north-west Europe, with particular reference to southern England.

1984 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
H. W. Bailey ◽  
A. S. Gale ◽  
R. N. Mortimore ◽  
A. Swiecicki ◽  
C. J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Basal Part ◽  
Paris Basin ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
North West ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Standard Section ◽  
Stage Boundaries

The biostratigraphical criteria for the recognition of Coniacian to Maastrichtian stage boundaries in the English Chalk, published in the Abstracts to the Copenhagen Symposium on Cretaceous Stage Boundari­es 1983, are reviewed in the light of the discussion at the Symposium and the final recommendations. Particular attention is given to problems relating to the base of the Coniacian and Santonian Stages. A critical assessment is made of criteria used by French workers for recognising the base of the Senonian Stage in the Anglo-Paris Basin. Benthonic Foraminifera used to identify the base of the Senonian are shown to have discrepant ranges in Kent compared with Sussex and Senonian stratotype. The nannofossil Marthasterites furcatus first appears below the level of acme-occurrence of ammonites of the Late Turonian Subprionocyclus neptuni Zone in southern England, and cannot therefore be used as a marker to identify the base of the Coniacian in the Anglo-Paris Basin. Extended comment is made on the bio­stratigraphy of the successions in southern England and northern Germany across the Coniacian - Santonian boundary, and it is suggested that the Upper Coniacian Micraster bucaillei/Gonioteuthis praewestfalica Zone of the German Lligerdorf standard section should be re-assigned to the basal part of the Santonian. The base of the Campanian Stage in southern England is arbitrarily taken at the evolution­ary first appearance of Bolivinoides culverensis, a level coincident with the top of the local Uintacrinus anglicus Zone, rather than at the extinction-level of Marsupites and/or entry of Gonioteuthis granulata­quadrata lower in the succession. The entry of the nannofossil Broinsonia parca, widely taken as a criterion for recognising the base of the Campanian Stage, is shown to occur at an horizon well above the entry-level of B. culverensis.

DEATH BY COMBAT AT THE DAWN OF THE BRONZE AGE? PROFILING THE DAGGER-ACCOMPANIED BURIAL FROM RACTON, WEST SUSSEX

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 65-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Needham ◽  
James Kenny ◽  
Garrard Cole ◽  
Janet Montgomery ◽  
Mandy Jay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
North West ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Left Humerus ◽  
The Bronze Age

A previously unresearched Early Bronze Age dagger-grave found in 1989 at Racton, West Sussex, is profiled here through a range of studies. The dagger, the only grave accompaniment, is of the ‘transitional’ Ferry Fryston type, this example being of bronze rather than copper. Bayesian analysis of relevant radiocarbon dates is used to refine the chronology of the earliest bronze in Britain. While the Ferry Fryston type was current in the earlier half of the twenty-second centurybc, the first butt-riveted bronze daggers did not emerge until the second half. The Racton dagger is also distinguished by its elaborate rivet-studded hilt, an insular innovation with few parallels.The excavated skeleton was that of a senior male, buried according to the appropriate rites of the time. Isotopic profiling shows an animal-protein rich diet that is typical for the period, but also the likelihood that he was brought up in a region of older silicate sedimentary rocks well to the west or north west of Racton. He had suffered injury at or close to the time of death; a slice through the distal end of his left humerus would have been caused by a fine-edged blade, probably a dagger. Death as a result of combat-contested leadership is explored in the light of other injuries documented among Early Bronze Age burials. Codified elite-level combat could help to explain the apparent incongruity between the limited efficacy of early dagger forms and their evident weapon-status.

The Neolithic quarries of Mont Viso, Piedmont, Italy: initial radiocarbon dates

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pétrequin ◽  
Michel Errera ◽  
Anne-Marie Pétrequin ◽  
Pierre Allard
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Paris Basin ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
French Jura ◽  
The Alps

Two groups of quarries (Mont Viso and Mont Beigua, Italy) were the source of the Alpine axeheads that circulated throughout western Europe during the Neolithic. The quarries on Mont Viso (Oncino: Porco, Bulè and Milanese), discovered in 2003, have been radiocarbon-dated, and this has revealed that the exploitation of jadeites, omphacitites and eclogites at high altitude (2000–2400 m above sea level) seems to have reached its apogee in the centuries around 5000 BC. The products, in the form of small axe- and adze-heads, were distributed beyond the Alps from the beginning of the fifth millennium, a few being found as far away as the Paris Basin, 550 km from their source as the crow flies. However, it was not until the mid-fifth millennium BC that long axeheads from Mont Viso appeared in the hoards and monumental tombs of the Morbihan, 800 km from the quarries. Production continued until the beginning of the third millennium BC, but at this time the distribution of the products was less extensive, and the process of distribution operated in a different way: tools made from jadeite and eclogite are still found in the French Jura, but the extraction sites at the south-east foot of Mont Viso no longer seem to have been used. The variability in the geographical extent of the distribution at different times seems to be related to the social context of exploitation of the high-altitude quarries, which were only ever accessible for a few months each year.

scholarly journals Carbonate sedimentation and effects of eutrophication observed at the Kališta subaquatic springs in Lake Ohrid (Macedonia)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 3755-3767 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Matter ◽  
F. S. Anselmetti ◽  
B. Jordanoska ◽  
B. Wagner ◽  
M. Wessels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Authigenic Carbonate ◽  
Sidescan Sonar ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Lake Ohrid ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Spring Area

Abstract. To date, little is known about the role of spring waters with respect to authigenic carbonate precipitation in a shallow lacustrine setting. Lake Ohrid, located in Southeastern Europe, is a large lake fed to over 50% by karstic springs of which half enter subaquatically and influence significantly its ecology and species distribution. In order to evaluate how sedimentological processes are influenced by such shallow-water springs, the Kališta subaquatic spring area in the north west of Lake Ohrid was investigated by a sidescan sonar survey and with sediment traps and three transects of gravity short cores. Results indicate that sedimentation in the spring area is dominated by authigenic carbonate precipitation. High sedimentation rates and evidences for bio-induced precipitation processes were observed in the water column and in the sediments. Two distinct stratigraphic units characterize the shallow subsurface, both composed of carbonate silts with high carbonate contents of up to 96%, but differing in color, carbonate content and diatom content. A chronological correlation of the cores by radiocarbon dates and 137Cs activities places the transition between the two stratigraphic units after ~1955 AD. At that time, coastal sedimentation changed drastically to significantly darker sediments with higher contents of organic matter and more abundant diatoms. This change coincides with the recent human impact of littoral eutrophication.

scholarly journals Vitalie Bârca, Notes on the origin and dating of the bone pyxides from the Sarmatian environment between the Don and the Prut

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-155
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
New Wave ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Group Belonging ◽  
Local Work ◽  
Made In ◽  
Grave Goods

The object of this article is to discuss the bone pyxides discovered in the Sar¬matian graves from the north and north-west of the Black Sea. The study, with¬out being exhaustive, attempts a presentation of the graves where bone pyxides were identified, but also of the cultural environments where similar toiletry piec¬es were used. The conclusion is that bone pyxides in Sarmatian graves from the north and north-west Pontic territory are mainly Roman products. Nonetheless, it is not excluded that some pyxides are copies of the first, made in local work¬shops (north-Pontic). The author notes that all Sarmatian graves containing bone pyxides date, on the basis of grave goods, to the second half of the 1st – early/first decades of the 2nd c. AD. Furthermore, it is noted they are usually part of the grave group belonging to the new wave of Sarmatians arriving to the north-Pontic area starting with mid 1st c. AD from east of the Don and that in the second half of the 1st – first decades of the 2nd c. AD they form a well marked local cultur¬al-chronological horizon. Last but not least, the author notes that pyxides are part of funerary features dating to the period of major inflow of Roman artifacts to the Sarmatian environment set between AD 60/70 – 120/130.

scholarly journals Eneolitický kostrový pohřební ritus na Moravě ve světle radiokarbonového datování / The Eneolithic inhumation burial rite in Moravia in light of radiocarbon dating

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-358
Author(s):  
František Trampota ◽  
Jarmila Bíšková ◽  
Alžběta Čerevková ◽  
Ivan Čižmář ◽  
Eva Drozdová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Time Dispersion ◽  
Burial Rite ◽  
Grave Goods

The article addresses the chronology of Eneolithic inhumation burials in Moravia based on radiocarbon dating. A total of 17 individuals were dated using 20 radiocarbon dates, primarily individuals without grave goods or individuals from problematic contexts. The study mainly covers the period of the Early Eneolithic, to a lesser extent the Middle and Late Eneolithic. The find contexts and anthropological assessments are newly published for most of the burials in question. Based on the chronological analysis of graves dated by radiocarbon dating, it is possible to approximately define the time dispersion of individual burial methods in Moravia. Flat graves with individuals in a stretched position without grave goods can be most reliably dated to about 3800–3600 BC.

scholarly journals A Hafted Halberd Excavated at Trecastell, Powys: from Undercurrent to Uptake – the Emergence and Contextualisation of Halberds in Wales and North-west Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Needham ◽  
Mary Davis ◽  
Adam Gwilt ◽  
Mark Lodwick ◽  
Phil Parkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
North West ◽  
General Review ◽  
Regional Group ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Regional Basis ◽  
Developmental Scheme

Excavations at Trecastell, Powys, south Wales, in 2007 yielded a copper halberd complete with its haft-grip. This has major implications for the mode of hafting halberds, but the discovery has also prompted a reconsideration of insular halberds in their north-west European context. Understanding the relationships between different types of halberd and different regional groups continues to be hampered by the dearth of good dating evidence, but the creation of better classifications for British and Irish weapons and new radiocarbon dates on two examples, one being Trecastell, have allowed a new developmental scheme to be advanced.The emergence of metal-headed halberds is considered more generally. While it is acknowledged that halberd-like implements pre-existed in other materials in some parts of Europe, it is argued that the appearance of metal-headed halberds depended on the transmission of a particular set of metallurgical and related skills. A new model for the vigorous uptake of halberds on a regional basis helps explain the patchiness and anachronism of halberd hotspots.The Trecastell halberd adds to one of the significant concentrations of the weapon type in Britain and prompts a more general review of the earliest metalwork from Wales and the Marches. For the Chalcolithic, halberds are instrumental in identifying a major contrast in depositional behaviour; this contrast dissolves at the beginning of the Early Bronze Age when a ‘new deposition ground’ is established. The former is attributed to the existence of a regional group across much of the region for whom the halberd served as a cultural icon, while the latter may relate to the demise of this enshrined value for the halberd.

An Iron Age Hill-Fort at Grimthorpe, Yorkshire, England

1969 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 148-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Stead ◽  
M. Jarman ◽  
Angela Fagg ◽  
E. S. Higgs ◽  
C. B. Denston
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Circular Area ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
White Horse ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Grave Goods

The Iron Age hill-fort at Grimthorpe (Grid reference SE.816535) in the parish of Millington, East Riding of Yorkshire, is on the western edge of the Yorkshire Wolds, with a commanding position over the Vale of York. There is an uninterrupted view to the White Horse on the Hambleton Hills, 25 miles to the north-west; beyond York, 13 miles to the west, to the Pennines; and to the south 25 miles to the chimneys of Keadby and Scunthorpe. To the west and south the land slopes away to the Vale of York, and to the north and east there is a sharper fall to Given Dale and Whitekeld Dale. The hill-fort defences follow the 520 feet contour, and enclose an approximately circular area of eight acres (fig. 1).A traditional reference may be preserved in the field-name—Bruffs—perhaps a variation of ‘Brough’, which ‘refers in all cases to ancient camps, usually Roman ones’. But all surface indications have now been obliterated by ploughing, and even a century ago there was little more to be seen. John Phillips in 1853 noticed ‘unmistakable traces of ancient but unascertainable occupation’, and in 1871 an excavation by J. R. Mortimer located ‘the filled up inner ditch of a supposed camp’. But Mortimer was not concerned with the settlement; his interest had been aroused by the discovery, in 1868, of a burial with rich grave-goods, including metalwork with La Tène ornament, in a chalk-pit within the south-west sector of the hill-fort.

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