scholarly journals Biostratigraphical criteria for the recognition of the Coniacian to Maastrichtian stage boundaries in the Chalk of north-west Europe, with particular reference to southern England.

1984 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
H. W. Bailey ◽  
A. S. Gale ◽  
R. N. Mortimore ◽  
A. Swiecicki ◽  
C. J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Basal Part ◽  
Paris Basin ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
North West ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Standard Section ◽  
Stage Boundaries

The biostratigraphical criteria for the recognition of Coniacian to Maastrichtian stage boundaries in the English Chalk, published in the Abstracts to the Copenhagen Symposium on Cretaceous Stage Boundari­es 1983, are reviewed in the light of the discussion at the Symposium and the final recommendations. Particular attention is given to problems relating to the base of the Coniacian and Santonian Stages. A critical assessment is made of criteria used by French workers for recognising the base of the Senonian Stage in the Anglo-Paris Basin. Benthonic Foraminifera used to identify the base of the Senonian are shown to have discrepant ranges in Kent compared with Sussex and Senonian stratotype. The nannofossil Marthasterites furcatus first appears below the level of acme-occurrence of ammonites of the Late Turonian Subprionocyclus neptuni Zone in southern England, and cannot therefore be used as a marker to identify the base of the Coniacian in the Anglo-Paris Basin. Extended comment is made on the bio­stratigraphy of the successions in southern England and northern Germany across the Coniacian - Santonian boundary, and it is suggested that the Upper Coniacian Micraster bucaillei/Gonioteuthis praewestfalica Zone of the German Lligerdorf standard section should be re-assigned to the basal part of the Santonian. The base of the Campanian Stage in southern England is arbitrarily taken at the evolution­ary first appearance of Bolivinoides culverensis, a level coincident with the top of the local Uintacrinus anglicus Zone, rather than at the extinction-level of Marsupites and/or entry of Gonioteuthis granulata­quadrata lower in the succession. The entry of the nannofossil Broinsonia parca, widely taken as a criterion for recognising the base of the Campanian Stage, is shown to occur at an horizon well above the entry-level of B. culverensis.

scholarly journals Coniacian to Maastrichtian stage boundaries in the standard section for the Upper Cretaceous white chalk of NW Germany (Lagerdorf-Kronsmoor­Hemmoor): Definitions and proposals

1984 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 203-215
Author(s):  
M.-G. Schulz ◽  
G. Ernst ◽  
H. Ernst ◽  
F. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Nw Germany ◽  
Continuous Section ◽  
Standard Section ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Upper Maastrichtian ◽  
Stage Boundaries

Four large quarries in northern Germany provide a continuous section from the Middle Coniacian to Upper Maastrichtian, consisting almost throughout of a white chalk facies. The combined section has a thickness of 570 m. It has been sub-divided biostratigraphically into 33 zones. The vertical ranges of the species of the stratigraphically relevant groups have been determined on the basis of about 30 years of systematic collecting of fossils bed by bed. Belemnites, inoceramids, echinoids, crinoids and brachiopods occur throughout the section, ammonites only in the Campanian and Maastrichtian. The following proposals are put forward for the definition of the stage boundaries: Campanian/Maastrichtian: appearance of Belemnella lanceolata, nearly coincident with the first occur­rence of Hoploscaphites constrictus; Santonian/Campanian: level of phylogenetic development of Gonioteuthis granulataquadrata from G. granulata, coincident with the extinction of Marsupites testudinarius; Coniacian/Santonian: appearance of Inoceramus ( Cladoceramus) undulatoplicatus nearly coincident with the appearance of the Inoceramus pachti!cardissoides group.

scholarly journals A critical assessment of plant resource utilisation and park expansion in North-West

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-413
Author(s):  
M.M. Magodielo ◽  
S.J. Siebert ◽  
S.S. Cilliers ◽  
F.P. Retief
Keyword(s):  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
North West ◽  
Plant Resource

Beaker Settlement and Environment on the Chalk Downs of Southern England

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 219-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Data ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Domestic Life ◽  
North West ◽  
Southern England

This paper is dedicated to John Evans, environmental archaeologist extraordinaire, who died 14 June 2005, while this paper was in press. He continually reminded us that environmental data should address questions of people and landscape and be relevant to the understanding of Prehistory by our archaeological colleagues.The Beaker period in north-west Europe is abound with objects, burials, and monuments, but evidence of settlement and domestic life is often absent or less easily found, and England is no exception. Despite the thousands of barrows with rich artefacts assemblages (eg, Amesbury Archer) and the numerous pits with non-domestic assemblages of placed items, evidence for houses and settlement are sparse despite the indication of increased agriculture and sedentism. This paper explores this problem on the chalklands of southern England that are rich in Beaker finds, and which are generally recognised as one of the best studied and well understood landscapes in Europe. From this study it is suggested that Beaker domestic sites are present, but are often in low lying positions on the chalk downs and have subsequently been buried by variable depths of hillwash, making them invisible to normal archaeological survey and reconnaissance.

scholarly journals The Turonian-Coniacian stage boundary in Lower Saxony (Germany) and adjacent areas: the Salzgitter-Salder Quarry as a proposed international standard section

1984 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 225-238
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Wood ◽  
Gundolf Ernst ◽  
Gabriele Rasemann
Keyword(s):  
Major Change ◽  
Paris Basin ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Mine Shaft ◽  
Nw Germany ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Range Correlation ◽  
Standard Section ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

The litho- and biostratigraphy of the Turonian-Coniacian boundary succession of the Salzgitter-Salder limestone quarry (Lower Saxony) is described in the context of a proposed international standard section. Compared with other sections, Salder provides a thick continuous succession unaffected by condensation and/or non-sequences and with an abundance and diversity of macrofossils, notably inoceramids. The litho-, tephro-, and ecoevents which can be used to subdivide the sequence are described, from the base of the traditional 'Scaphiten-Schichten' up to the contact with the Emscher Marl. The events are ideal marker horizons for long-range correlation across NW Germany as far as England. The base of the Coniacian is taken at the entry-datum of Cremnoceramus? waltersdorfensis hannovrensis, coincident with the upper of two Didymotis events. This event is immediately followed by a major change in the inoceramid assemblages with the entry of Cremnoceramus? rotundatus. This latter change coincides with the traditional German Mittel-Oberturon boundary. The boundary problem is discussed in the context of ammonites, echinoids, foraminifera, and nannofossils. The inoceramid assemblages beneath the boundary have strong affinities with those of the uppermost Turonian Prionocyclus quadratus Zone in N. America; The boundary in Lower Saxony falls in the upper part of a distinctive lithostratigraphical unit of alternating marls and marly limestones (the so-called 'Grauweisse Wechselfolge'), intercalated between two predominantly limestone units. The geographical distribution and fades-differentiation of the 'Grauweisse Wechselfolge' in correlative sections of Lower Saxony is examined. The unit.is the key to the recognition of the restricted boundary succession in sections where stratigraphical data are inadequate or lacking, e.g. the flooded quarries of Liineburg and the Staffhorst mine-shaft. The probable equivalent of the 'Grauweisse Wechselfolge' in northern England is discussed, and additional comments are made on southern England, and northern Spain. The Copenhagen Symposium (1983) proposals for recognising the base of the Coniacian are critically reviewed. The entry of C.? waltersdorfensis hannovrensis is demonstrated to be the only practicable criterion in many areas. The base of the"Senonian, as defined in the Anglo-Paris Basin, is suggested to equate with the base of the 'Grauweisse Wechselfolge' and thus to be of late Turonian age.

scholarly journals The Stone Vessels in the Cities of Russian North-West

2018 ◽  
pp. 361-371
Author(s):  
П. Е. Сорокин ◽  
В. И. Кильдюшевский ◽  
В. Н. Матвеев
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
North West ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Russian North ◽  
The Baltic

Сосуды из каменной массы, изготавливавшиеся в городах Северной Германии и получившие в литературе название рейнской керамики, были широко распространены в позднее Средневековье и Новое время в Северной Европе. В русских городах они встречаются значительно реже, причем в основном на Северо-Западе, вовлеченном в балтийскую торговлю. Значительно более широко они представлены в Восточной Прибалтике, Финляндии, а также в городах Выборг, Ниеншанц и Но-тебург, входивших в состав шведских владений. Поступление сосудов из каменной массы в прибалтийские страны отражает торговые и политические процессы в Балтийском регионе. The stone vessels, manufactured in the cities of Northern Germany and got the name of Rhenish ceramics in literature were widespread in the Late Middle Ages and Modern Time in Northern Europe. In Russian cities, they are met much rarer, mostly in the North-West involved in the Baltic trade. Much more commonly they are represented in the Eastern Baltic countries, Finland, and also in the cities of Vyborg, Nyenschantz and Noteburg, which once were part of the Swedish realm. The flow of stone vessels into the Baltic countries reflects trade and political processes in the Baltic region.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal development of streamflow droughts in north-west Europe

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Zaidman ◽  
H. G. Rees ◽  
A. R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Low Flow ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Temporal Development ◽  
Grid Data ◽  
North West ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Northern France ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Streamflow Depletion

Abstract. This paper examines the spatial and temporal development of streamflow droughts in Europe over the last 40 years, differentiating the climatic factors that drive drought formation from catchment controls on drought manifestation. A novel approach for quantifying and comparing streamflow and precipitation depletion is presented. This approach considers atypical flow or rainfall events, as well as more severe droughts, regardless of the season in which they occur (although unlikely to constitute drought in an operational sense, sustained atypical flows are important with regard to understanding how droughts arise and develop). The amount of flow depletion is quantified at daily resolution based on the standardised departure from the mean day d flow, or flow anomaly. The index was derived for 2780 gauging points within north-west Europe using data from the FRIEND European Water Archive for the 1960-1995 period. Using a simple interpolation procedure these data were used to produce a time-series of grids, with a cell size of 18 km2, showing the spatial distribution of flow anomaly over the study area. A similar approach was used to characterise monthly precipitation anomalies, based on existing grid data (see New et al., 2000). The grids were analysed chronologically to examine the spatial and temporal coherency of areas showing large flow and/or precipitation anomalies, focussing on drought development during the 1975-1976 and 1989-1990 periods. Using a threshold approach, in which an anomaly of 2 standard deviations represents the onset of drought conditions, indices were developed to describe the time-varying extent and areal-severity (flow deficit) of streamflow and precipitation drought. Similar indices were used to describe how the magnitude and temporal variation of flow depletion varied spatially. In terms of streamflow depletion, the 1976 drought was found to be a highly coherent event, having a well defined start (in January 1976) and end (in September 1976). The worst and most persistent streamflow droughts occurred in southern England and northern France. Central parts of Europe experienced only severe streamflow depletion during the ‘height’ of the drought in June, July and August when there was negligible precipitation across large areas of Europe. In contrast, the 1989/90 period was characterised by a series of shorter and less severe droughts, with much greater variability over time. The relationship between precipitation drought and streamflow drought was less clear, which might have resulted from periods of precipitation depletion occurring randomly in time. Particularly high levels of streamflow drought were again observed in southern England and northern France. Several possible explanations for the increased drought occurrence over southern England and northern France were investigated using data from the 1976 event. However, immediately antecedent precipitation deficits could not explain the level of streamflow depletion which appears to have been enhanced by decreased discharge of groundwater into the river networks in this region. This can probably be attributed to large precipitation deficits during autumn 1975 and spring 1976: the consequent reduction in groundwater recharge ultimately led to depressed groundwater levels. Keywords: drought, streamflow depletion, streamflow drought, low-flow regimes, Drought Index

The Winchester Hoard: A Find of Unique Iron Age Gold Jewellery from Southern England

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Hill ◽  
Anthony J Spence ◽  
Susan La Niece ◽  
Sally Worrell
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
First Century ◽  
Archaeological Investigation ◽  
North West ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Gold Jewellery ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Classical Style ◽  
Made In

An unusual group of gold jewellery was discovered by a metal detectorist near Winchester in southern England in 2000. The hoard included two possibly unique massive necklaces made in a clearly classical style, but different from typical classical necklaces and from the torcs and collars of Iron Age Europe. The hoard also contained extremely rare gold versions of types of brooches commonly made in bronze and iron in north-west Europe during the first century BC, the end of the pre-Roman Iron Age. This paper describes these unique objects and the results of an archaeological investigation of their find spot. Detailed scientific analysis of the objects’ technology has proven crucial for interpreting their origins and broader significance. Finally, the broader consequences of the find for interpreting the significant changes that took place in southern Britain in the century before the Roman conquest are discussed.

The Guiry Cork-stone

Antiquity ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 39 (156) ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
S. Arnette ◽  
J. D. Peek
Keyword(s):  
Paris Basin ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
North West ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Grave Goods

In October 1915 there was discovered near the small village of Guiry, 50 km. north-west of Paris, an example of the typical Paris Basin Gallery Grave or Allée Couverte. It came to be known as the Allée Couverte du Bois Couturier, and is a relatively small example of this type of tomb which predominates in the departments of Seine-et-Oise and Oise, and extends eastwards into neighbouring departments. The grave-goods belong mainly, though not exclusively, to the Seine-Oise-Marne culture as first defined by Bosch-Gimpera and Serra Rafols [I]. Daniel regarded the Paris Galleries as dating probably from about 1700-1400 B.C.; Bailloud, on the basis of certain radiocarbon dates available since Daniel's study, considers the SOM culture (which is of course not necessarily completely coeval with the Paris Galleries) to have begun around 2400-2300 B.c., and to have ended around 1700-1600 B.C. [2].

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