The Chinese school of archaeology

Antiquity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (337) ◽  
pp. 896-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Liangren
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Archaeological Investigation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Chinese School ◽  
Entire Nation ◽  
Cultural Origins ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

In 1959, at a meeting reviewing the 'archaeological achievements of the past 10 years' in celebration of the tenth anniversary of the 'New China (1949-)', the leading archaeologist Yin Da (1906-1983), then director of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), urged all the archaeologists in China "to cooperate fully, so that in the next three or five years, in the entire nation, we can build up a scientific and holistic system out of all cultural remains of all periods; that is to say, to build up a Marxist Chinese archaeological system" (Yin 1959: 123).This call had two keywords in it.One was 'Chinese'. Ever since the early twentieth century, growing nationalism had drum-beaten Chinese archaeologists to search for Chinese cultural origins (Liu & Chen 2001: 317). A particularly urgent matter for archaeologists of the 1950s was to dispel the notion of 'the western origin of Chinese culture' that was current among foreign and native archaeologists during theNationalist Era (1911-1949). To achieve this goal, it was imperative to undertake archaeological investigation systematically so as to prove the autochthonous origins and undisrupted development of Chinese civilisations. The second word, 'Marxist', reflects a process of cutting the umbilical cord of the reborn archaeology of the 'New China' from the 'bourgeois archaeology' of the 'Old China' and swaddling the discipline with the mantle of Marxist theories and models

scholarly journals The Founding of University of the Chinese Academic of Sciences

2015 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Zha Qiang ◽  
Guangli Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Research Capacity ◽  
Chinese Universities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Sector ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Soviet Model

Chinese universities expanded their aggregate enrolment size dramatically in the past fifteen years. Now they seem to be greeting opportunities to magnify their research capacity, which is exemplified by the founding of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. For years, and following the Soviet model, China holds a separate research sector, with Chinese Academy of Sciences being the hallmark. Now such a structure seems to be at a crossroads. Changes occurring to it, no matter dramatic or gradual, will render China's university sector the primary beneficiary, which in turn enjoys a leap in terms of research resource and capacity.

scholarly journals Lu Yu: the past and future of condensed matter physics

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
Mu-ming Poo ◽  
Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Rooted Tree ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Condensed Matter Physics ◽  
Fed State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Physicist ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Abstract Lu Yu, a distinguished theoretical physicist at the Institute of Physics (IOP) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), has witnessed the development of Chinese physics over the past five decades, from the difficult period of 1960s when physicists worked in a ‘half-fed’ state to the present flowering springtime of Chinese physics in which many breakthroughs at the frontier of physics are attracting international recognition. He considers these achievements to be not merely ‘intermittent bubbles’, but the cumulative result of sustained governmental support of basic research over the past decades. In his area of condensed-matter physics, Yu sees ‘a big deep-rooted tree with many branches—some old branches have withered away, but new shoots continue to appear’. In a recent interview with NSR, Yu reflected upon the recent history of condensed-matter physics in China—what has been accomplished and what lies ahead—and his view on the development of physics in general.

China and “Modernity”: the Uses of the Study of Chinese History in the Past and the Present

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Zurndorfer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The West ◽  
Social Data ◽  
Central Focus ◽  
The Past

AbstractThe central focus of this paper is the lack of impact Euro-centric theories of development have made on twentieth century historical writing by leading Chinese and Japanese scholars. The author reviews publications by three important historians, Naitō Konan, Liang Ch'i-ch'ao, and Yü Ying-shih, all of whom attempt to locate China's first experience with “modernity” prior to nineteenth or twentieth century encounters with the West. Although all three historians differ in their interpretation of the concept “modernity,” they find Chinese culture a central feature in the identification of this concept. Furthermore, all three writers rely upon historical evidence, in particular economic and social data, to counter claims of China's history as a process of linear development.

A Foreign Infusion: The Forgotten Legacy of Japanese Chadō on Modern Chinese Tea Arts

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
National Narrative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
Standard Chinese ◽  
Historical Antecedents ◽  
Tea Ceremony ◽  
Regional Custom

This paper traces the historical antecedents and influences on modern Chinese tea arts. What is now commonly known as gongfucha, which has become the standard Chinese tea ceremony, was originally a regional custom from the Chaozhou area of China. Through the twentieth century this custom was first taken up by Taiwanese pioneers, repackaged as an element of quintessential Chinese culture, and then exported back to mainland China since the 1980s. During this process of the reimagination of the Chaozhou practice of gongfucha, foreign elements of the Japanese tea ceremony, especially influences from senchadō, were included. As it becomes adopted throughout China as a new national custom, however, this foreign contribution is obscured and forgotten, and replaced with a national narrative that emphasizes links to the past.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Multi-Band Active Radar Calibrator for SAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1312
Author(s):  
Liang Li ◽  
Gukun Liu ◽  
Jun Hong ◽  
Feng Ming ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
The Past ◽  
X Band ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Specific Frequency ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Near Future ◽  
System Transfer Function ◽  
Multi Band

Over the past decade, IECAS (Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) has developed a set of L-, S-, C-, and X-band active radar calibrators that are deployed during the calibration campaigns for HJ1C synthetic aperture radar (SAR), Gaofen-3 SAR, and so on. In the near future, P-band and Ka-band spaceborne SARs will be launched. We found that it is not convenient to develop special active radar calibrators (ARCs) for a specific SAR or a specific frequency band SAR, and the acquired experience could help in the design and development of a multi-band ARC. This paper describes the design and implementation of a multi-band active radar calibrator which can operate in the L-, C-, X-, and Ka-bands. Moreover, laboratory measurements are performed to characterize the performance of the multi-band ARC, paying particular attention to the gain stability, the system transfer function, the gain flatness, and the linearity of the ARC receiver. Three such ARCs are developed, and to our knowledge, the multi-band ARC is the first of its kind in China or even in the world, and it can be used to implement the calibration campaigns of the Chinese Gaofen-3 SAR, Shenzhen-1 SAR, Luojia-2 SAR, and so on.

scholarly journals Development of Radiocarbon Dating in China Over the Past 50 Years

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijian Zhou ◽  
Maobai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
The Past ◽  
Earth Environment ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Beijing China

On the arrival of the 50th anniversary of Radiocarbon, we review important developments in radiocarbon dating in China during the past 50 years, especially concerning 3 aspects: sample standard and preparation, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facilities, and 14C applications. Specifically, these events are marked by the establishment of the Chinese sucrose charcoal standard in China; the development of small-sample dating in the Xi'an Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); the progress of the AMS facilities in Beijing (China Institute of Atomic Energy and Beijing University); the innovation of the mini-cyclotron-based AMS at Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, CAS; the exploration of the Xia-Shang-Zhou chronology project in China; the establishment of the Xi'an multi-element AMS at the Xi'an-AMS Center; and the breakthrough in tracing the geomagnetic intensities and precipitation from 10Be in Chinese loess at the Institute of Earth Environment, CAS.

scholarly journals China's funding system and research innovation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Qiu
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Associate Editor ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Total Output ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Peking University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Tongji University

Abstract In the past decade, China's total expenditure on research and development (R&D) has been increasing by about 20% per year. And the total output of scientific research from China has not failed to impress: a 2011 study by Britain's Royal Society found that, in 2004–08, the country produced 10% of the world's published scientific articles, putting it second after the United States. But a study conducted by the World Bank and China's State Council concluded in the year 2012 that Chinese research quality falls short. It noted that the country produces relatively few high-impact articles, and that the majority of Chinese patents constitute minor novelties rather than genuine innovations. So what has gone wrong? And what needs to be changed to spur innovation in China significantly? In a forum organized by National Science Review, its executive associate editor Mu-ming Poo asked four leading scientists in China. Yadong Li Chemist of Tsinghua University in Beijing (Courtesy of Yadong Li) Yi Rao Biologist of Peking University in Beijing (Courtesy of Yi Rao) Dingsheng Wang Physicist of Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (Courtesy of Dingsheng Wang) Pinxian Wang Geologist of Tongji University in Shanghai (Courtesy of Pinxian Wang) Mu-ming Poo (Chair) Neuroscientist of Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai (Courtesy of Mu-ming Poo)

scholarly journals The past and future of USTC: an interview with USTC President Xinhe Bao

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-605
Author(s):  
Weijie Zhao ◽  
Xiaosu Yi
Keyword(s):  
Special Class ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Chemical Physics ◽  
Science Review ◽  
The Past ◽  
Energy Chemistry ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
National Science ◽  
The University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Abstract The University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) is located in Hefei, the capital of Anhui province, and has its own characteristics among the universities in China. Established by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), USTC is distinctively tinted with a scientific color. It is also famous for its ‘Special Class for the Gifted Young’ and is considered one of the best Chinese universities in the fields of science and technology (S&T). Recently, National Science Review interviewed Professor Xinhe Bao, the President of USTC, about the characteristics of the university and the education and research in China. Xinhe Bao is an academician of CAS and has made seminal contributions in catalysis and energy chemistry in the past decades. Before joining USTC, he had worked at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), CAS and Fudan University (Shanghai), and thus possesses an in-depth understanding of the education and research in China.

scholarly journals 10Be, 14C Distribution, and Soil Production Rate in a Soil Profile of a Grassland Slope at Heshan Hilly Land, Guangdong

Radiocarbon ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
CD Shen ◽  
J Beer ◽  
S Ivy-Ochs ◽  
Y Sun ◽  
W Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Weathered Rock ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soil Production ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Exposure Ages ◽  
Apparent Age

Concentrations of organic carbon, carbon isotopes (13C and 14C), atmospheric 10Be in soil, and in situ 10Be in bedrock and weathering rock were determined in a study of a profile of a grassland slope at the Heshan Hilly Land Interdisciplinary Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Guangdong Province, China. A good linear relationship between depth and the 14C apparent age of the organic carbon demonstrates that the rock weathering process and the accumulation process of organic matter in the slope are relatively stable. Both 14C and 10Be results show that about 34% of soil in the grassland slope has been eroded during the past 3800 yr. The 10Be results for interstitial soil from weathered rocks show that the 90-cm-thick weathering rock layer above the bedrock has evolved over a period of 1.36 Myr. The concentrations of in situ 10Be in the weathered rock and bedrock are 10.7 × 104 atoms/g and 8.31 × 104 atoms/g, respectively. The weathering rate of the bedrock, equivalent to the soil production rate, was estimated at 8.8 × 10-4 cm/yr, and the exposure ages of the weathered rock and the bedrock were 72 kyr and 230 kyr, respectively.

Nine Centuries of Man

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Court Records ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Police Reports ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Scottish History ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

What did it mean to be a man in Scotland over the past nine centuries? Scotland, with its stereotypes of the kilted warrior and the industrial ‘hard man’, has long been characterised in masculine terms, but there has been little historical exploration of masculinity in a wider context. This interdisciplinary collection examines a diverse range of the multiple and changing forms of masculinities from the late eleventh to the late twentieth century, exploring the ways in which Scottish society through the ages defined expectations for men and their behaviour. How men reacted to those expectations is examined through sources such as documentary materials, medieval seals, romances, poetry, begging letters, police reports and court records, charity records, oral histories and personal correspondence. Focusing upon the wide range of activities and roles undertaken by men – work, fatherhood and play, violence and war, sex and commerce – the book also illustrates the range of masculinities that affected or were internalised by men. Together, the chapters illustrate some of the ways Scotland’s gender expectations have changed over the centuries and how, more generally, masculinities have informed the path of Scottish history

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