scholarly journals Particle size and fraction of wheat bran influence short-chain fatty acid productionin vitro

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1404-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L. Stewart ◽  
Joanne L. Slavin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Small Particle ◽  
Large Particle ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Fine Particle Size

Whole grains are associated with decreased risk of chronic disease and decreased risk of obesity. Several mechanisms may be involved including SCFA production via fibre fermentation in the colon. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of wheat bran particle size (large/coarsev.small/fine) and wheat bran fraction (whole branv.aleuronev.aleurone by-product) in SCFA production using a batchin vitrofermentation system with human faecal inoculum. Five samples were compared: large-particle bran, small-particle bran, aleurone, coarse by-product, fine by-product. Fine by-product produced the greatest SCFA concentrations. By-product (both coarse and fine) produced greater SCFA concentrations than bran (both large and small particle sizes). Aleurone produced SCFA concentrations similar to small-particle bran. The molar percentage of butyrate at 24 h was significantly greater for large-particle bran than the other samples. Small/fine particle size and by-product fraction of bran increased SCFA production compared with large/coarse particle size, and aleurone and whole bran. Bran characteristics and composition should be considered when manufacturing foods due to the diversity of physiological effects.

PSIII-11 The effect of feeding supplemental zeolite (clinoptilolite) of two different particle sizes on measures of nitrogen utilization and nutrient digestibility in finishing beef heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 287-287
Author(s):  
Cheyanne A Myers ◽  
Mario de Haro Marti ◽  
Mireille Chahine ◽  
Gwinyai E Chibisa
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
N Utilization

Abstract Clinoptilolite (CLN), could potentially improve nitrogen (N) utilization when fed to beef cattle as it can bind ruminal-ammonia-N (NH3-N), limiting its loss and subsequent detoxification into urea-N, which is released into blood and is excreted in urine. However, the effectiveness of CLN is influenced by physical properties such as particle size. Although decreasing the particle size has been shown to increase the binding of ammonium in-vitro, this remains to be evaluated in vivo. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding CLN of two different particle sizes (30 and 400 µm) on ruminal NH3-N and plasma-urea-N (PUN) concentrations, ruminal pH, and nutrient intake and apparent total-tract digestibility. Six ruminally-cannulated beef heifers (mean initial BW± SD, 620.8 ± 30.15) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 21 d periods (sample collection from d 15 to 21). Dietary treatments were: 1) finishing ration with no supplement (CON), 2) CON +30-µm CLN (CL-30), and 3) CON + 400-µm CLN (CL-400). Clinoptilolite was top-dressed (2.5% of diet DM) during morning feeding. Intake was measured daily. Ruminal fluid was collected on d 19 for NH3-N analysis and blood was collected 3 h post-feeding on d 21 for PUN analysis. Indwelling pH loggers were used to measure ruminal pH (d 15 to 21) and grab fecal samples were collected from d 19 to 21 to determine total-tract nutrient digestibility. Statistical analysis was conducted using PROC MIXED in SAS. There was no treatment effect (P ≥ 0.13) on ruminal NH3-N and PUN concentrations, ruminal pH, and nutrient (DM, OM, NDF, ADF and CP) intake and apparent total tract digestibility. In conclusion, feeding CLN to finishing heifers had no effect on measures of N utilization, ruminal pH and nutrient intake and apparent total-tract digestibility.

scholarly journals Removal of the commercial reactive dye Procion Blue MX-7RX from real textile wastewater using the synthesized Fe2O3 nanoparticles at different particle sizes as a source of Fenton's reagent

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1362-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha A. Tony ◽  
Shehab A. Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Fe2o3 Nanoparticles ◽  
Dyeing Wastewater ◽  
Textile Dyeing ◽  
Fenton System ◽  
Textile Dyeing Wastewater

The aim of the present study was to signify the role of the particle size of an iron source in the photo-Fenton system for textile dyeing wastewater oxidation.

Preparation of Exfoliated Graphite by Microwave Using Natural Graphite with Different Particle Sizes

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 2333-2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Small Particle ◽  
Graphite Particle ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Exfoliated Graphite ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Natural Graphite ◽  
Graphite Intercalation

Three natural graphite flakes (35, 50 and 80 mesh) were used as raw material. Exfoliated graphite (EG) was prepared by rapidly heating residue H2SO4-graphite intercalation compounds (RGIC) in a muffle and by irradiating it in a microwave oven, respectively. Results show that the exfoliation volume of EG decreases with decreasing the raw graphite particle size. Compared with muffle heating, microwave irradiation is more helpful for the exfoliation of RGICs, especially for the small particle samples.

High-temperature growth of anatase on kaolinite substrate

2009 ◽  
Vol 466 (2115) ◽  
pp. 721-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rieder ◽  
M. Klementová ◽  
L. Szatmáry
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Small Particle ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Small Particle Size ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Titanyl Sulphate ◽  
Dominant Phase ◽  
Sole Product

When a fine fraction of kaolinite (less than 2 μm) is mixed with titanyl sulphate (weight ratio approx. 1:7), hydrolysed, washed, dried and heated to temperatures between 750 and 900 ° C, it transforms into metakaolin, and titania crystallizes as anatase with a small particle size (approx. 20–30 nm). In parallel experiments with plain titania (without kaolinite), rutile is the sole product phase at 850 and 900 ° C and the dominant phase in a mixture with anatase at 750 ° C. The particle sizes are much larger (approx. 400–1100 nm). It appears that kaolinite is instrumental in preserving titania in the anatase form and with a small particle size even at fairly high temperatures and hindering its transformation to rutile. However, this anatase exhibits poor photocatalytic activity.

Experimental Investigation on the Lipid-Lowering Activity of Three Novel Antilipidemic Materials In Vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 1568-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Rong Tan ◽  
Si Hui Wu ◽  
Bing Gao ◽  
Jun Rui Xiao ◽  
Zi Yue Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Determinant Factor ◽  
Lowering Activity

Chitosan is a new kind of material in life-science, it can be used in lipid-lowering. Chitosan microspheres (CTS-MP) were prepared by spray-drying, chitosan nanoparticles (CTS-NP) and chitosan-capsaicin microspheres (CTS-CAP-MP) were prepared by ionic gelation process. The effect of these samples on lowering lipids was evaluated by measuring its’ binding capacities with lipids under the conditions mimicking the gastrointestinal tract in vitro. Also, the particle sizes of chitosan preparations were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analyzer. The results showed that the lipids-binding capacities of CTS-MP and CTS-NP were far more higher than that of CTS and CTS-CAP-MP. In conclusion, CTS-MP and CTS-NP will be better fat-lowing food additives to replace chitosan. The mechanism of lipids-binding in vitro is not only physical adsorption. Particle size is not the determinant factor, electrostatic action is maybe another factor of lipids-binding.

scholarly journals Importance of Mesoporous Silica Particle Size in the Stabilization of Amorphous Pharmaceuticals—The Case of Simvastatin

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Justyna Knapik-Kowalczuk ◽  
Daniel Kramarczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Chmiel ◽  
Jana Romanova ◽  
Kohsaku Kawakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Amorphous Pharmaceuticals ◽  
Stabilization Effect ◽  
Crystallization Tendency ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Particle

In this paper, the role of mesoporous silica (MS) particle size in the stabilization of amorphous simvastatin (SVT) is revealed. For inhibiting recrystallization of the supercooled drug, the two MS materials (Syloid® XDP 3050 and Syloid® 244 FP) were employed. The crystallization tendency of SVT alone and in mixture with the MS materials was investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). Neither confinement of the SVT molecules inside the MS pores nor molecular interactions between functional groups of the SVT molecules and the surface of the stabilizing excipient could explain the observed stabilization effect. The stabilization effect might be correlated with diffusion length of the SVT molecules in the MS materials that depended on the particle size. Moreover, MS materials possessing different particle sizes could offer free spaces with different sizes, which might influence crystal growth of SVT. All of these factors must be considered when mesoporous materials are used for stabilizing pharmaceutical glasses.

In Vitro Bile Acid Binding Capacity of Wheat Bran with Different Particle Sizes

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-yan Li ◽  
Andrew L. Mense ◽  
Lauren R. Brewer ◽  
Chuan Lau ◽  
Yong-Cheng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Bile Acid Binding
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