scholarly journals How much should I eat? Situational norms affect young women's food intake during meal time

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel C. J. Hermans ◽  
Junilla K. Larsen ◽  
C. Peter Herman ◽  
Rutger C. M. E. Engels
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Eating Occasion ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Meal Time

Portion size and the intake of others have been found to influence people's food intake. No study, however, has tested the potential influences of both types of situational norms on intake during the same eating occasion. We experimentally tested the effects of manipulating portion size and the intake of others on young women's meal intake during a 20 min eating opportunity. An experimental design with a three (confederate's intake: small, standard, large) by two (portion size: small, standard) between-participants design was used. A total of eighty-five young women participated. Portion size and the confederate's intake both influenced young women's intake. Participants consumed more when offered a larger portion than when offered a smaller portion, and they also ate more when their eating companion ate more. The present results indicate that the effects of portion size and the intake of others were independent but additive. Thus, both types of situational norms might independently guide an individual's intake during a single eating occasion.

Effects of portion size and social modeling on food intake of young women

Appetite ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C.J. Hermans ◽  
J.K. Larsen ◽  
C.P. Herman ◽  
R.C.M.E. Engels
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Social Modeling

scholarly journals People serve themselves larger portions before a social meal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen K. Ruddock ◽  
Emma V. Long ◽  
Jeffrey M. Brunstrom ◽  
Lenny R. Vartanian ◽  
Suzanne Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Eating Occasion ◽  
Fundamental Shift ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractOne of the most powerful influences on food intake yet identified is the presence of familiar others at an eating occasion: people eat much more when they eat with friends/family than when they eat alone. But why this is the case is unclear. Across two studies (Study 1: N = 98; Study 2: N = 120), we found that the mere anticipation of social interaction is all that is needed to promote the selection of larger meals, and that this occurs even when a person is alone when they make their decision. Adult women served themselves larger portions when they knew they were going to eat socially versus when they knew they were going to eat alone. These data suggest that how other people influence our food intake reaches beyond the specific eating context to affect pre-meal portion size decisions, suggesting that a fundamental shift is required in our thinking about social influences on eating.

scholarly journals Reducing Portion Size Reduces Food Intake and Plate Waste

Obesity ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1864-1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie R. Freedman ◽  
Carolina Brochado
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Plate Waste

scholarly journals Served Portion Sizes Affect Later Food Intake Through Social Consumption Norms

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Raghoebar ◽  
Ashleigh Haynes ◽  
Eric Robinson ◽  
Ellen Van Kleef ◽  
Emely De Vet
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Visual Exposure ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
Future Consumption ◽  
Perceived Social Norms ◽  
Normal Food

Portion sizes of commercially available foods have increased, and there is evidence that exposure to portion sizes recalibrates what is perceived as ‘normal’ and subsequently, how much food is selected and consumed. The present study aims to explore the role of social (descriptive and injunctive) and personal portion size norms in this effect. Across two experiments, participants were either visually exposed to (Study 1, N = 329) or actually served (Study 2, N = 132) a smaller or larger than normal food portion. After 24 h, participants reported their intended consumption (Study 1) or served themselves and consumed (Study 2) a portion of that food and reported perceived portion size norms. In Study 1, visual exposure to portion size did not significantly affect intended consumption and perceived portion size norms. In Study 2, participants consumed a smaller portion of food when they were served a smaller rather than a larger portion the previous day, which was mediated by perceived descriptive and injunctive social (but not personal) portion size norms. Results suggest that being served (but not mere visual exposure to) smaller (relative to larger) portions changes perceived social norms about portion size and this may reduce future consumption of that food.

scholarly journals Effect of Acute Sprint Exercise on Myokines and Food Intake Hormones in Young Healthy Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8848
Author(s):  
Jan Bilski ◽  
Agnieszka Irena Mazur-Bialy ◽  
Marcin Surmiak ◽  
Magdalena Hubalewska-Mazgaj ◽  
Janusz Pokorski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Meal Intake

Physical exercise is known to influence hormonal mediators of appetite, but the effect of short-term maximal intensity exercise on plasma levels of appetite hormones and cytokines has been little studied. We investigated the effect of a 30 s Wingate Test, followed by a postprandial period, on appetite sensations, food intake, and appetite hormones. Twenty-six physically active young males rated their subjective feelings of hunger, prospective food consumption, and fatigue on visual analogue scales at baseline, after exercise was completed, and during the postprandial period. Blood samples were obtained for the measurement of nesfatin-1, ghrelin, leptin, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), human growth factor (hGH) and cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), irisin and plasma lactate concentrations, at 30 min before exercise, immediately (210 s) after exercise, and 30 min following a meal and at corresponding times in control sedentary males without ad libitum meal intake, respectively. Appetite perceptions and food intake were decreased in response to exercise. Plasma levels of irisin, IL-6, lactate, nesfatin-1 and ghrelin was increased after exercise and then it was returned to postprandial/control period in both groups. A significant rise in plasma insulin, hGH and PP levels after exercise was observed while meal intake potentiated this response. In conclusion, an acute short-term fatiguing exercise can transiently suppress hunger sensations and food intake in humans. We postulate that this physiological response involves exercise-induced alterations in plasma hormones and the release of myokines such as irisin and IL-6, and supports the notion of existence of the skeletal muscle–brain–gut axis. Nevertheless, the detailed relationship between acute exercise releasing myokines, appetite sensations and impairment of this axis leading to several diseases should be further examined.

scholarly journals Changes in appetite-regulating hormones following food intake are associated with changes in reported appetite and a measure of hedonic eating in girls and young women with anorexia nervosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 104556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Mancuso ◽  
Alyssa Izquierdo ◽  
Meghan Slattery ◽  
Kendra R. Becker ◽  
Franziska Plessow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Young Women

scholarly journals Comparable Sensitivity of Postmenopausal and Young Women to the Effects of Intranasal Insulin on Food Intake and Working Memory

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (10) ◽  
pp. 5084-5084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Krug ◽  
Christian Benedict ◽  
Jan Born ◽  
Manfred Hallschmid
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Intranasal Insulin

scholarly journals Can Reduced Intake Associated with Downsizing a High Energy Dense Meal Item be Offset by Increased Vegetable Variety in 3–5-year-old Children?

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Carstairs ◽  
Samantha Caton ◽  
Pam Blundell-Birtill ◽  
Barbara Rolls ◽  
Marion Hetherington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Within Subjects

Large portions of energy dense foods promote overconsumption but offering small portions might lead to compensatory intake of other foods. Offering a variety of vegetables could help promote vegetable intake and offset the effect of reducing the portion size (PS) of a high energy dense (HED) food. Therefore, we tested the effect on intake of reducing the PS of a HED unit lunch item while varying the variety of the accompanying low energy dense (LED) vegetables. In a within-subjects design, 43 3–5-year-old pre-schoolers were served a lunch meal in their nursery on 8 occasions. Children were served a standard (100%) or downsized (60%) portion of a HED sandwich with a side of LED vegetables offered as a single (carrot, cherry tomato, cucumber) or variety (all 3 types) item. Reducing the PS of a HED sandwich reduced sandwich (g) (p < 0.001) and total meal intake (kcal) consumption (p = 0.001) without an increased intake of other foods in the meal (LED vegetables (p = 0.169); dessert (p = 0.835)). Offering a variety of vegetables, compared with a single vegetable, increased vegetable intake (g) (p = 0.003) across PS conditions. Downsizing and variety were effective strategies individually for altering pre-schoolers’ intakes of HED and LED meal items, however, using variety to offset HED downsizing was not supported in the present study.

Effects of Oatmeal and Corn Flakes Cereal Breakfasts on Satiety, Gastric Emptying, Glucose, and Appetite-Related Hormones

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Geliebter ◽  
Charlotte L. Grillot ◽  
Roni Aviram-Friedman ◽  
Sakeena Haq ◽  
Eric Yahav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Corn Flakes ◽  
Overweight Subjects ◽  
Fiber Cereal

Objective: The extent to which different types of breakfasts affect appetite and food intake is unclear. To assess the satiety effects of a high-fiber cereal, we compared oatmeal, isocaloric corn flakes, and water. Subjects/Methods: Thirty-six subjects (18 lean, 18 overweight) were assigned to three conditions in a randomized sequence on different days. Ratings of hunger and fullness were obtained concurrently with blood samples for measuring concentrations of glucose, insulin, glucagon, leptin, and acetaminophen (gastric emptying tracer). Appetite was assessed by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) for fullness and hunger, and by measuring food intake of an ad libitum lunch meal at 180 min. Results: Lunch meal intake was lowest after consuming oatmeal (p < 0.00001), which was lower for overweight subjects than lean subjects (p = 0.007). Fullness AUC was greatest (p = 0.00001), and hunger AUC lowest (p < 0.001) after consuming oatmeal. At 180 min, blood glucose was lowest after the corn flakes (p = 0.0001). Insulin AUC was greater for both cereals than water (p < 0.00001). Leptin AUC and glucagon AUC values did not differ between conditions. Acetaminophen concentrations peaked latest after consuming oatmeal (p = 0.046), reflecting slower gastric emptying. Conclusions: Satiety was greater and ad libitum test meal intake lower after consuming oatmeal than after corn flakes, especially in the overweight subjects.

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