Effects of Oatmeal and Corn Flakes Cereal Breakfasts on Satiety, Gastric Emptying, Glucose, and Appetite-Related Hormones

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Geliebter ◽  
Charlotte L. Grillot ◽  
Roni Aviram-Friedman ◽  
Sakeena Haq ◽  
Eric Yahav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Corn Flakes ◽  
Overweight Subjects ◽  
Fiber Cereal

Objective: The extent to which different types of breakfasts affect appetite and food intake is unclear. To assess the satiety effects of a high-fiber cereal, we compared oatmeal, isocaloric corn flakes, and water. Subjects/Methods: Thirty-six subjects (18 lean, 18 overweight) were assigned to three conditions in a randomized sequence on different days. Ratings of hunger and fullness were obtained concurrently with blood samples for measuring concentrations of glucose, insulin, glucagon, leptin, and acetaminophen (gastric emptying tracer). Appetite was assessed by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) for fullness and hunger, and by measuring food intake of an ad libitum lunch meal at 180 min. Results: Lunch meal intake was lowest after consuming oatmeal (p < 0.00001), which was lower for overweight subjects than lean subjects (p = 0.007). Fullness AUC was greatest (p = 0.00001), and hunger AUC lowest (p < 0.001) after consuming oatmeal. At 180 min, blood glucose was lowest after the corn flakes (p = 0.0001). Insulin AUC was greater for both cereals than water (p < 0.00001). Leptin AUC and glucagon AUC values did not differ between conditions. Acetaminophen concentrations peaked latest after consuming oatmeal (p = 0.046), reflecting slower gastric emptying. Conclusions: Satiety was greater and ad libitum test meal intake lower after consuming oatmeal than after corn flakes, especially in the overweight subjects.

scholarly journals Effects of Consuming Sugar-Sweetened Beverages for 2 Weeks on 24-h Circulating Leptin Profiles, Ad Libitum Food Intake and Body Weight in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree M. Sigala ◽  
Adrianne M. Widaman ◽  
Bettina Hieronimus ◽  
Marinelle V. Nunez ◽  
Vivien Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Sugar-sweetened beverage (sugar-SB) consumption is associated with body weight gain. We investigated whether the changes of (Δ) circulating leptin contribute to weight gain and ad libitum food intake in young adults consuming sugar-SB for two weeks. In a parallel, double-blinded, intervention study, participants (n = 131; BMI 18–35 kg/m2; 18–40 years) consumed three beverages/day containing aspartame or 25% energy requirement as glucose, fructose, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) or sucrose (n = 23–28/group). Body weight, ad libitum food intake and 24-h leptin area under the curve (AUC) were assessed at Week 0 and at the end of Week 2. The Δbody weight was not different among groups (p = 0.092), but the increases in subjects consuming HFCS- (p = 0.0008) and glucose-SB (p = 0.018) were significant compared with Week 0. Subjects consuming sucrose- (+14%, p < 0.0015), fructose- (+9%, p = 0.015) and HFCS-SB (+8%, p = 0.017) increased energy intake during the ad libitum food intake trial compared with subjects consuming aspartame-SB (−4%, p = 0.0037, effect of SB). Fructose-SB decreased (−14 ng/mL × 24 h, p = 0.0006) and sucrose-SB increased (+25 ng/mL × 24 h, p = 0.025 vs. Week 0; p = 0.0008 vs. fructose-SB) 24-h leptin AUC. The Δad libitum food intake and Δbody weight were not influenced by circulating leptin in young adults consuming sugar-SB for 2 weeks. Studies are needed to determine the mechanisms mediating increased energy intake in subjects consuming sugar-SB.

Postprandial Responses of Glucose, Insulin and Triglycerides: Influence of the Timing of Meal Intake During Night Work

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Knutsson ◽  
Berndt Karlsson ◽  
Katarina Örnkloo ◽  
Ulf Landström ◽  
Maria Lennernäs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Night Work ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Identical Test

The objective was to study the postprandial responses of glucose, insulin and triglycerides to meal intake at different clock times during night work. Eleven night shift working nurses participated. Identical test meals were ingested at 19:30, 23:30 and 03:30, and contained 440 kcal/1860 kJ of energy (33 E% fat, 51 E% carbohydrate, 16 E% protein). The food intake was standardized three days before the first test meal. Blood samples were drawn just before the test meals were ingested and thereafter at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minutes. The postprandial responses were estimated as the total area under the curve (AUC) and significance testing was done using repeated measures ANOVA. The highest insulin level was found after meal intake at 23:30, and the lowest after meal intake 03:30. The glucose response showed the same pattern. The insulin response to food intake in night working nurses is more pronounced in the night compared with morning and evening. The results would have implications for metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in night workers.

The effect of exogenous GLP-1 on food intake is lost in male truncally vagotomized subjects with pyloroplasty

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (12) ◽  
pp. G1117-G1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Plamboeck ◽  
Simon Veedfald ◽  
Carolyn F. Deacon ◽  
Bolette Hartmann ◽  
André Wettergren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Insulin And Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Rapid degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 suggests that endogenous GLP-1 may act locally before being degraded. Signaling via the vagus nerve was investigated in 20 truncally vagotomized subjects with pyloroplasty and 10 matched healthy controls. Subjects received GLP-1 (7-36 amide) or saline infusions during and after a standardized liquid mixed meal and a subsequent ad libitum meal. Despite no effect on appetite sensations, GLP-1 significantly reduced ad libitum food intake in the control group but had no effect in the vagotomized group. Gastric emptying was accelerated in vagotomized subjects and was decreased by GLP-1 in controls but not in vagotomized subjects. Postprandial glucose levels were reduced by the same percentage by GLP-1 in both groups. Peak postprandial GLP-1 levels were approximately fivefold higher in the vagotomized subjects. Insulin secretion was unaffected by exogenous GLP-1 in vagotomized subjects but was suppressed in controls. GLP-1 significantly reduced glucagon secretion in both groups, but levels were approximately twofold higher and were nonsuppressible in the early phase of the meal in vagotomized subjects. Our results demonstrate that vagotomy with pyloroplasty impairs the effects of exogenous GLP-1 on food intake, gastric emptying, and insulin and glucagon secretion, suggesting that intact vagal innervation may be important for GLP-1's actions.

Wheat bran and oat hulls have dose-dependent effects on ad-libitum feed intake in pigs related to digesta hydration and colonic fermentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 8298-8308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Ratanpaul ◽  
Dagong Zhang ◽  
Barbara A. Williams ◽  
Simon Diffey ◽  
John L. Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Colonic Fermentation ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Digesta Passage ◽  
Dose Dependent

Undigested nutrients and fermentable fibre in the distal ileum and colon stimulate intestinal brakes, which reduce gastric-emptying and digesta-passage-rate, and subsequently limit feed/food-intake.

scholarly journals Application of roasted rice bran in cereal bars

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Costa Garcia ◽  
Luciana Pereira Lobato ◽  
Marta de Toledo Benassi ◽  
Manoel Soares Soares Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Corn Flakes ◽  
Cereal Bars ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Intermediate Density ◽  
Fiber Cereal

The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of using microwave-roasted rice bran as an ingredient in high-fiber cereal bars to obtain a product with good acceptability. The influence of the rice flakes, corn flakes, and roasted rice bran levels on the physical and chemical characteristics of the cereal bars was studied. The overall acceptability of three selected formulations was also evaluated. An increase in the roasted rice bran level in the formulation reduced the force of rupture and water activity, resulted in intermediate density, and caused darkening of the bars. The contents of lipid and total dietary fiber were higher in the formulation with the highest rice bran content, which was therefore classified as functional food. The formulation containing 0.34; 0.32; and 0.34 roasted rice bran, rice flakes, and corn flakes, respectively, seemed to be the best outcome. Cereal bars with roasted rice bran levels between 10 and 20% were accepted by consumers.

scholarly journals Effects of a High-Protein/Moderate-Carbohydrate Diet on Appetite, Gut Peptides, and Endocannabinoids—A Preview Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Tischmann ◽  
Mathijs Drummen ◽  
Blandine Gatta-Cherifi ◽  
Anne Raben ◽  
Mikael Fogelholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
Chamber Study ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Favorable effects of a high-protein/moderate-carbohydrate (HP/MCHO) diet after weight loss on body weight management have been shown. To extend these findings, associations between perception of hunger and satiety with endocannabinoids, and with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and polypeptide YY (PYY) were assessed. At approximately 34 months after weight loss, 22 female and 16 male participants (mean age 64.5 ± 5.9 years; body mass index (BMI) 28.9 ± 3.9 kg/m2) completed a 48 h respiration chamber study. Participants were fed in energy balance with a HP/MCHO diet with 25%:45%:30% or a moderate-protein/high-carbohydrate (MP/HCHO) diet with 15%:55%:30% of energy from protein:carbohydrate:fat. Endocannabinoids and related compounds, relevant postprandial hormones (GLP-1, PYY), hunger, satiety, and ad libitum food intake were assessed. HP/MCHO versus MP/HCHO reduced hunger perception. The lower decremental area under the curve (dAUC) for hunger in the HP/MCHO diet (−56.6% compared to MP, p < 0.05) was associated with the higher AUC for 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) concentrations (p < 0.05). Hunger was inversely associated with PYY in the HP/MCHO group (r = −0.7, p < 0.01). Ad libitum food intake, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and incremental AUCs for gut peptides were not different between conditions. HP/MCHO versus MP/HCHO diet-induced reduction in hunger was present after 34 months weight maintenance in the post-obese state. HP/MCHO diet-induced decrease of hunger is suggested to interact with increased 2-AG and PYY concentrations.

Meal patterns of two spanish sheep breeds with different types of food

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 199-199
Author(s):  
J. Amor ◽  
J.P. Barrio ◽  
F.F. Bermúdez
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Meal Patterns ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Food Particles ◽  
Ad Libitum

The intake of fibrous food by ruminants are mainly regulated by physical means. When different forages are offered, intake level is related to rumen fill capacity, being the rate of digestion and disappearance of food particles from the rumen also important factors.On the other hand, there have been some reports on the differences in food intake between sheep breeds (Arnold, 1975). Breeds adapted to different nutritional environments could have developed differences in digestive physiology and intake potential.The aim of this experiment was to study the infuence of the type of roughage offered on meal patterns, as well as the differences in these parameters between two Spanish sheep breeds.Ad libitum food intake of non-pregnant and non-lactating ewes (six Churra and six Merino sheep per food) was daily monitored using an automatic recording device that allowed calculation of meal size and duration.

scholarly journals Increasing oat β-glucan viscosity in a breakfast meal slows gastric emptying and reduces glycemic and insulinemic responses but has no effect on appetite, food intake, or plasma ghrelin and PYY responses in healthy humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M S Wolever ◽  
Susan M Tosh ◽  
Susan E Spruill ◽  
Alexandra L Jenkins ◽  
Adish Ezatagha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Contract Research Organization ◽  
Breakfast Meal ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Oat Bran ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACT Background The viscosity of oat β-glucan (OBG) determines its effect on serum cholesterol and glycemic responses, but whether OBG viscosity affects gastric emptying, appetite, and ad libitum food intake is unknown. Objectives We aimed to determine the effect of altering the amount or molecular weight (MW) and, hence, viscosity of OBG in a breakfast meal on the primary endpoint of food intake at a subsequent meal. Methods Overnight-fasted males (n = 16) and nonpregnant females (n = 12) without diabetes, aged 18–60 y, with BMI 20.0–30.0 kg/m² who were unrestrained eaters participated in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study at a contract research organization. Participants consumed, in random order, breakfast meals equivalent in weight, energy, and macronutrients consisting of white-bread, butter, jam, and 2% milk plus hot cereal [Cream of Rice (CR), or instant-oatmeal plus either 3 g oat-bran (2gOBG), 10 g oat-bran (4gOBG), or 10 g oat-bran plus β-glucanase (4gloMW) to reduce OBG MW and viscosity compared with 4gOBG]. Gastric emptying, subjective appetite, and glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) responses were assessed for 3 h and then subjects were offered an ad libitum lunch (water and pizza). Results Pizza intakes (n = 28) after CR, 2gOBG, 4gOBG, and 4gloMW (mean ± SEM: 887 ± 64, 831 ± 61, 834 ± 78, and 847 ± 68 kcal, respectively) were similar (nonsignificant). Compared with CR, 4gOBG significantly reduced glucose (78 ± 10 compared with 135 ± 15 mmol × min/L) and insulin (14.0 ± 1.6 compared with 26.8 ± 3.5 nmol × min/L) incremental area-under-the-curve and delayed gastric-emptying half-time (geometric mean: 285; 95% CI: 184, 442, compared with geometric mean: 105; 95% CI: 95, 117 min), effects not seen after 4gloMW. Subjective appetite, PYY, and ghrelin responses after 2gOBG, 4gOBG, and 4gloMW were similar to those after CR. Conclusions The results demonstrate that OBG viscosity determines its effect on postprandial glucose, insulin, and gastric emptying. However, we were unable to demonstrate a significant effect of OBG on appetite or food intake, regardless of its viscosity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03490851.

scholarly journals Altered acylated ghrelin response to food intake in congenital generalized lipodystrophy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244667
Author(s):  
Camilla O. D. Araújo ◽  
Renan M. Montenegro ◽  
Amanda P. Pedroso ◽  
Virgínia O. Fernandes ◽  
Ana Paula D. R. Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Low Levels

Background Patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) have very low levels of leptin and are described as having a voracious appetite. However, a direct comparison between CGL and eutrophic individuals is lacking, regarding both appetite parameters and acylated ghrelin, the hormone form that is active in acute food intake stimulation. The objective of the present study was to address whether and in what extent the subjective appetite parameters and acylated ghrelin response to a meal are affected in CGL individuals, in comparison to eutrophic individuals. Additionally, an obese group was included in the study, to allow the comparison between a leptin-resistant and a leptin-deficient condition on these aspects. Methods Eutrophic controls (EUT, n = 10), obese subjects (OB, n = 10) and CGL (n = 11) were fasted overnight and then received an ad libitum meal. Blood was collected and the visual analogue scale was applied before and 90 minutes after the meal. An additional blood sample was collected at 60 minutes for ghrelin determination. Results The CGL patients showed low fasting levels of leptin and adiponectin, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. The caloric intake was similar among the 3 groups. However, both CGL (p = 0.02) and OB (p = 0.04) had shorter satiation times than EUT. The CGL patients also had lower satiety time (p = 0.01) and their sensation of hunger was less attenuated by the meal (p = 0.03). Fasting acylated ghrelin levels were lower in CGL than in EUT (p = 0.003). After the meal, the levels tended to decrease in EUT but not in CGL and OB individuals. Conclusion The data indicate that, although not hyperphagic, the CGL patients present appetite disturbances in relation to eutrophic individuals. Their low fasting levels of acylated ghrelin and the absence of the physiological drop after meal intake suggest a role of these disturbances in hunger attenuation and satiety but not in acute satiation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document