scholarly journals Served Portion Sizes Affect Later Food Intake Through Social Consumption Norms

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Raghoebar ◽  
Ashleigh Haynes ◽  
Eric Robinson ◽  
Ellen Van Kleef ◽  
Emely De Vet
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Visual Exposure ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
Future Consumption ◽  
Perceived Social Norms ◽  
Normal Food

Portion sizes of commercially available foods have increased, and there is evidence that exposure to portion sizes recalibrates what is perceived as ‘normal’ and subsequently, how much food is selected and consumed. The present study aims to explore the role of social (descriptive and injunctive) and personal portion size norms in this effect. Across two experiments, participants were either visually exposed to (Study 1, N = 329) or actually served (Study 2, N = 132) a smaller or larger than normal food portion. After 24 h, participants reported their intended consumption (Study 1) or served themselves and consumed (Study 2) a portion of that food and reported perceived portion size norms. In Study 1, visual exposure to portion size did not significantly affect intended consumption and perceived portion size norms. In Study 2, participants consumed a smaller portion of food when they were served a smaller rather than a larger portion the previous day, which was mediated by perceived descriptive and injunctive social (but not personal) portion size norms. Results suggest that being served (but not mere visual exposure to) smaller (relative to larger) portions changes perceived social norms about portion size and this may reduce future consumption of that food.

scholarly journals Analysis of the National Adult Nutrition Survey (Ireland) and the Food4Me Nutrition Survey Databases to Explore the Development of Food Labelling Portion Sizes for the European Union

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gibney ◽  
Aifric O’Sullivan ◽  
Albert Flynn ◽  
Janette Walton ◽  
Hannelore Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Food Labelling ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
Food Portion Size ◽  
The Eu

The present study set out to explore the option of developing food portion size for nutritional labelling purposes using two European Union (EU) dietary surveys. The surveys were selected as they differed in (a) methodologies (food diary versus food frequency questionnaire), (b) populations (Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) versus a seven-country survey based on the pan EU study Food4Me), (c) food quantification (multiple options versus solely photographic album) and (d) duration (4 consecutive days versus recent month). Using data from these studies, portion size was determined for 15 test foods, where portion size was defined as the median intake of a target food when consumed. The median values of the portion sizes derived from both the NANS and Food4Me surveys were correlated (r = 0.823; p < 0.00) and the mean of the two survey data sets were compared to US values from the Recognized as Customarily Consumed (RACC) database. There was very strong agreement across all food categories between the averaged EU and the US portion size (r = 0.947; p < 0.00). It is concluded that notwithstanding the variety of approaches used for dietary survey data in the EU, the present data supports using a standardized approach to food portion size quantification for food labelling in the EU.

scholarly journals Development of an online database of typical food portion sizes in Irish population groups

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Lyons ◽  
Janette Walton ◽  
Albert Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Irish Population ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Typical Food

AbstractThe Irish Food Portion Sizes Database (available at www.iuna.net) describes typical portion weights for an extensive range of foods and beverages for Irish children, adolescents and adults. The present paper describes the methodologies used to develop the database and some key characteristics of the portion weight data contained therein. The data are derived from three large, cross-sectional food consumption surveys carried out in Ireland over the last decade: the National Children's Food Survey (2003–2004), National Teens' Food Survey (2005–2006) and National Adult Nutrition Survey (2008–2010). Median, 25th and 75th percentile portion weights are described for a total of 545 items across the three survey groups, split by age group or sex as appropriate. The typical (median) portion weights reported for adolescents and adults are similar for many foods, while those reported for children are notably smaller. Adolescent and adult males generally consume larger portions than their female counterparts, though similar portion weights may be consumed where foods are packaged in unit amounts (for example, pots of yoghurt). The inclusion of energy under-reporters makes little difference to the estimation of typical portion weights in adults. The data have wide-ranging applications in dietary assessment and food labelling, and will serve as a useful reference against which to compare future portion size data from the Irish population. The present paper provides a useful context for researchers and others wishing to use the Irish Food Portion Sizes Database, and may guide researchers in other countries in establishing similar databases of their own.

scholarly journals Children's estimates of food portion size: the effect of timing of dietary interview on the accuracy of children's portion size estimates

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Foster ◽  
M. O'Keeffe ◽  
J. N. S. Matthews ◽  
J. C. Mathers ◽  
M. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment System ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
Size Estimates ◽  
Food Portion Size ◽  
Dietary Interview ◽  
Food Consumed

For food intakes to be converted into nutrient intakes a measure or estimate of the amount of food consumed is required. A number of methods have been developed to assist subjects in providing an estimate of portion size. Children's ability to use perception, conceptualisation and memory skills to estimate food portion size has not been investigated systematically. The aim of the present study was to test the effect of the timing of a dietary interview on the accuracy of estimates of food portion sizes made by children, using food photographs, food models and an interactive portion size assessment system, developed for use with children and based on portion sizes of foods consumed by children. Children (n 108) aged 4–14 years were supplied with known quantities of foods and asked to estimate the portion size of each food using each of the three portion size assessment tools. Interviews took place (a) with the food in view, (b) just after the child had eaten the food or (c) 24 h after the child had eaten the food. There were no significant differences in children's ability to estimate food portion size (either as served or as eaten) with timing of interview. That is, children were as accurate in their estimates of portion size 24 h after consuming the food as when the food was in view. Under these conditions many children were able to estimate food portion size utilising perception, conceptualisation and memory skills.

scholarly journals Evaluation of photographs supporting an FFQ developed for adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Page Brito ◽  
Celso Pereira Guimarães ◽  
Rosangela Alves Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the validity of food photographs used to support the reporting of food intake with an FFQ designed for adolescents from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.DesignA set of ninety-five food photographs was elaborated. The photographs’ evaluation process included the acknowledgement of foods and portions in the pictures. In the identification of foods (ninety-five photographs) and typical portions (twelve photographs), the adolescents were requested to answer a structured questionnaire related to the food photographs. The identification of the portion size of amorphous foods (forty-three photographs) was performed using three different portion sizes of actual preparations. The proportions (and 95 % confidence intervals) of adolescents who correctly identified foods and portion size in each photograph were estimated.SettingA public school in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.SubjectsSixty-two adolescents between 11·0 and 18·9 years old, randomly selected.ResultsAt least 90 % of adolescents correctly identified the food in ninety-two photographs and the food in the three remaining photographs was recognized by 80–89 % of the adolescents. At least 98 % of the adolescents correctly identified eleven typical or natural portions in the food photographs. For amorphous foods, at least 70 % of teenagers correctly identified the portion size in the photograph of thirty-one foods; for the other photographs, the portion size was correctly recognized by 50–69 % of the adolescents for eight foods and by less than 50 % of adolescents for four foods.ConclusionsThe analysed photographs are appropriate visual aids to the reporting of food consumption by adolescents.

scholarly journals Accuracy of estimates of food portion size using food photographs – the importance of using age-appropriate tools

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Foster ◽  
John NS Matthews ◽  
Michael Nelson ◽  
Julie M Harris ◽  
John C Mathers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Portion Size Estimation ◽  
Size Estimates ◽  
Food Portion Size

AbstractBackgroundIn order to obtain a measure of nutrient intake, a measure or estimate of the amount of food consumed is required. Weighing foods imposes a large burden on subjects, often resulting in underreporting. Tools are available to assist subjects in providing an estimate of portion size and these include food photographs. The application of these tools in improving portion size estimation by children has not been investigated systematically.ObjectivesTo assess the accuracy with which children are able to estimate food portion sizes using food photographs designed for use with adults, and to determine whether the accuracy of estimates is improved when age-appropriate portion size photographs are provided.DesignOriginal data from three separate studies, on the accuracy of portion size estimates by adults using food photographs, by children using adult photographs and by children using age-appropriate photographs, are analysed and compared.SubjectsOne hundred and thirty-five adults aged 18 to 90 years and 210 children aged 4 to 11 years.ResultsChildren's estimates of portion sizes using age-appropriate food photographs were significantly more accurate (an underestimate of 1% on average) than estimates using photographs designed for use with adults (an overestimate of 45% on average). Accuracy of children's estimates of portion size using age-appropriate photographs was not significantly different from that of adults. Children overestimated a food's weight by 18% on average and adults underestimated by 5%.ConclusionsProviding children with food photographs depicting age-appropriate portion sizes greatly increases the accuracy of portion size estimates compared with estimates using photographs designed for use with adults.

scholarly journals Accuracy in the estimation of children's food portion sizes against a food picture book by parents and early educators

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaija Nissinen ◽  
Liisa Korkalo ◽  
Henna Vepsäläinen ◽  
Päivi Mäkiranta ◽  
Leena Koivusilta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picture Book ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
Food Portions

AbstractValidated methodological aids for food quantification are needed for the accurate estimation of food consumption. Our objective was to assess the validity of an age-specific food picture book, which contains commonly eaten foods among Finnish children, for parents and early educators in estimating food portion sizes. The food picture book was developed to assist in portion size estimation when filling in food records in the Increased health and wellbeing in preschools (DAGIS) study. All ninety-five food pictures in the book, each containing three or four different portion sizes, were evaluated at real-time sessions. Altogether, seventy-three parents and 107 early educators or early education students participated. Each participant evaluated twenty-three or twenty-four portions by comparing presented pre-weighed food portions against the corresponding picture from the food picture book. Food portions were not consumed by participants. The total proportion of correct estimations varied from 36 % (cottage cheese) to 100 % (fish fingers). Among the food groups, nearly or over 90 % of the estimations were correct for bread, pastries and main courses (‘piece products’ such as meatballs and chicken nuggets). Soups, porridges, salads and grated and fresh vegetables were least correctly estimated (<65 % correct estimations). There were small differences in evaluations of berries and fresh fruits, warm vegetables and pastries between the parents and early educators, but other estimations were mostly similar. The children's food picture book was found to be a useful aid for the estimation of food portion sizes. Parents and early educators evaluated the portion sizes with similar accuracy.

scholarly journals Is there an association between food portion size and BMI among British adolescents?

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa A. Albar ◽  
Nisreen A. Alwan ◽  
Charlotte E. L. Evans ◽  
Janet E. Cade
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Breakfast Cereals ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
High Fibre

The prevalence of obesity has increased simultaneously with the increase in the consumption of large food portion sizes (FPS). Studies investigating this association among adolescents are limited; fewer have addressed energy-dense foods as a potential risk factor. In the present study, the association between the portion size of the most energy-dense foods and BMI was investigated. A representative sample of 636 British adolescents (11–18 years) was used from the 2008–2011 UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey. FPS were estimated for the most energy-dense foods (those containing above 10·5 kJ/g (2·5 kcal/g)). Regression models with BMI as the outcome variable were adjusted for age, sex and misreporting energy intake (EI). A positive association was observed between total EI and BMI. For each 418 kJ (100 kcal) increase in EI, BMI increased by 0·19 kg/m2(95 % CI 0·10, 0·28;P< 0·001) for the whole sample. This association remained significant after stratifying the sample by misreporting. The portion sizes of a limited number of high-energy-dense foods (high-fibre breakfast cereals, cream and high-energy soft drinks (carbonated)) were found to be positively associated with a higher BMI among all adolescents after adjusting for misreporting. When eliminating the effect of under-reporting, larger portion sizes of a number of high-energy-dense foods (biscuits, cheese, cream and cakes) were found to be positively associated with BMI among normal reporters. The portion sizes of only high-fibre breakfast cereals and high-energy soft drinks (carbonated) were found to be positively associated with BMI among under-reporters. These findings emphasise the importance of considering under-reporting when analysing adolescents' dietary intake data. Also, there is a need to address adolescents' awareness of portion sizes of energy-dense foods to improve their food choice and future health outcomes.

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