scholarly journals Accelerated muscle and adipose tissue loss may predict survival in pancreatic cancer patients: the relationship with diabetes and anaemia

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie M. Di Sebastiano ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Kevin Zbuk ◽  
Raimond K. Wong ◽  
Tom Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Disease Trajectory ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Weight loss leading to cachexia is associated with poor treatment response and reduced survival in pancreatic cancer patients. We aim to identify indicators that allow for early detection that will advance our understanding of cachexia and will support targeted anti-cachexia therapies. A total of fifty pancreatic cancer patients were analysed for skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) changes using computed tomography (CT) scans. These changes were related to physical characteristics, secondary disease states and treatment parameters. Overall, patients lost 1·72 (sd 3·29) kg of muscle and 1·04 (sd 1·08) kg of VAT during the disease trajectory (413 (sd 213) d). After sorting patients into tertiles by rate of VAT and muscle loss, patients losing VAT at > − 0·40 kg/100 d had poorer survival outcomes compared with patients with < − 0·10 kg/100 d of VAT loss (P= 0·020). Patients presenting with diabetes at diagnosis demonstrated significantly more and accelerated VAT loss compared with non-diabetic patients. In contrast, patients who were anaemic at the first CT scan lost significantly more muscle tissue and at accelerated rates compared with non-anaemic patients. Accelerated rates of VAT loss are associated with reduced survival. Identifying associated features of cachexia, such as diabetes and anaemia, is essential for the early detection of cachexia and may facilitate the attenuation of complications associated with cachexia.

Paraneoplastic Differential Adipose Tissue Loss Impacts Survival in Pancreatic Cancer Independent of Sarcopenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. S497
Author(s):  
Amrit K. Kamboj ◽  
Sajan Jiv Singh Nagpal ◽  
Raghuwansh P. Sah ◽  
Naoki Takahashi ◽  
Suresh T. Chari
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Loss

scholarly journals Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and global DNA methylation in visceral adipose tissue from colorectal cancer patients

BMC Cancer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Castellano-Castillo ◽  
Sonsoles Morcillo ◽  
Ana B. Crujeiras ◽  
Lidia Sánchez-Alcoholado ◽  
Mercedes Clemente-Postigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Decreased survival in pancreatic cancer patients with high concentrations of organochlorines in adipose tissue

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 659-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Hardell ◽  
Michael Carlberg ◽  
Karin Hardell ◽  
Helen Björnfoth ◽  
Gunnar Wickbom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
High Concentrations

A critical evaluation of body composition modalities used to assess adipose and skeletal muscle tissue in cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie M. Di Sebastiano ◽  
Marina Mourtzakis
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Body Composition Change ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

The majority of cancer patients experience some form of body composition change during the disease trajectory. For example, breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy gain fat and lose skeletal muscle, which are associated with increased risk of cancer recurrence and clinical comorbidities. In contrast, advanced cancer patients, such as lung and colorectal cancer patients, experience symptoms of cancer cachexia (accelerated loss of skeletal muscle with or without adipose tissue loss), which are associated with decreased treatment response and poorer survival rates in advanced cancers. The heterogeneity of body composition features and their diverse implications across different cancer populations supports the need for accurate quantification of muscle and adipose tissue. Use of appropriate body composition modalities will facilitate an understanding of the complex relationship between body composition characteristics and clinical outcomes. This will ultimately support the development and evaluation of future therapeutic interventions that aim to counter muscle loss and fat gain in cancer populations. Despite the various metabolic complications that may confound the accurate body composition measurement in cancer patients (i.e., dehydration may confound lean tissue measurement), there are no guidelines for selecting the most appropriate modalities to make these measurements. In this review we outline specific considerations for choosing the most optimal approaches of lean and adipose tissue measurements among different cancer populations. Anthropometric measures, bioelectrical impedance analysis, air displacement plethysmography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging will be discussed.

623 Visceral Adipose Tissue Changes After Surgery in Colorectal Cancer Patients May Have Prognostic Implications

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. S-1023-S-1024
Author(s):  
Eun Kyung Choe ◽  
Heung-Kwon Oh ◽  
Sang Hui Moon ◽  
Seung-Bum Ryoo ◽  
Kyu Joo Park
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
Visceral Adipose

scholarly journals Cohort Study of Antihyperglycemic Medication and Pancreatic Cancer Patients Survival

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6016
Author(s):  
Audrius Dulskas ◽  
Ausvydas Patasius ◽  
Donata Linkeviciute-Ulinskiene ◽  
Lina Zabuliene ◽  
Giedre Smailyte
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Metformin Monotherapy ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Treatment ◽  
Glucose Lowering Therapy

Background: We assessed the association between the use of metformin and other antihyperglycemic medications on overall survival in diabetic patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods: Patients with pancreatic cancer and diabetes between 2000 and 2015 were identified from the Lithuanian Cancer Registry and the National Health Insurance Fund database. Cohort members were classified into six groups according to type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment: sulfonylurea monotherapy; metformin monotherapy; insulin monotherapy; metformin and sulfonylurea combination; metformin and other antihyperglycemic medications; all other combinations of oral antihyperglycemic medications. Survival was calculated from the date of cancer diagnosis to the date of death or the end of follow-up (31 December 2018). Results: Study group included 454 diabetic patients with pancreatic cancer. We found no statistically significant differences in overall survival between patients by glucose-lowering therapy. However, highest mortality risk was observed in patients on insulin monotherapy, and better survival was observed in the groups of patients using antihyperglycemic medication combinations, metformin alone, and metformin in combination with sulfonylurea. Analysis by cumulative dose of metformin showed significantly lower mortality risk in the highest cumulative dose category (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.58–0.99). Conclusions: Our study showed that metformin might have a survival benefit for pancreatic cancer patients, suggesting a potentially available option for the treatment.

scholarly journals Systemic Oxidative Stress and Visceral Adipose Tissue Mediators of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Autophagy Are Reduced in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients Treated with Metformin

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 892
Author(s):  
Zaida Abad-Jiménez ◽  
Sandra López-Domènech ◽  
Rubén Díaz-Rúa ◽  
Francesca Iannantuoni ◽  
Segundo Ángel Gómez-Abril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Obesity is a low-grade inflammatory condition affecting a range of individuals, from metabolically healthy obese (MHO) subjects to type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Metformin has been shown to display anti-inflammatory properties, though the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. To study whether the effects of metformin are mediated by changes in the inflammasome complex and autophagy in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of obese patients, a biopsy of VAT was obtained from a total of 68 obese patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery. The patients were clustered into two groups: MHO patients and T2D patients treated with metformin. Patients treated with metformin showed decreased levels of all analyzed serum pro-inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL6, IL1β and MCP1) and a downwards trend in IL18 levels associated with a lower production of oxidative stress markers in leukocytes (mitochondrial ROS and myeloperoxidase (MPO)). A reduction in protein levels of MCP1, NFκB, NLRP3, ASC, ATG5, Beclin1 and CHOP and an increase in p62 were also observed in the VAT of the diabetic group. This downregulation of both the NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy in VAT may be associated with the improved inflammatory profile and leukocyte homeostasis seen in obese T2D patients treated with metformin with respect to MHO subjects and endorses the cardiometabolic protective effect of this drug.

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