scholarly journals Vitamin D nutritional status in preterm infants and response to supplementation

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta A. McCarthy ◽  
Malachi J. McKenna ◽  
Oyinkansola Oyefeso ◽  
Ogenna Uduma ◽  
Barbara F. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
25Ohd Level ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Serum 25Ohd ◽  
Vlbw Infants ◽  
Vitamin D Intake

Little is known about vitamin D status in preterm infants and their response to supplementation. To investigate this, we assessed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels using RIA in a consecutive sample of stable preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (born ≤ 32 weeks gestation or birth weight ≤ 1·5 kg), and we explored associated factors. Serum 25OHD level was first assessed once infants were tolerating feeds (n 274). If this first 25OHD level was below 50 nmol/l (20 ng/ml), which is the level associated with covering requirements in terms of skeletal health in the majority, then we recommended prolonged augmented vitamin D intake ( ≥ 10 μg (400 IU) daily) from a combination of fortified feeds and vitamin supplements and follow-up re-assessment at approximately 6 weeks corrected age (n 148). The first assessment, conducted at a median for chronological age of 18 (interquartile range (IQR) 11–28) d, found that 78 % had serum 25OHD levels below 50 nmol/l. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that the determinants of serum 25OHD levels were duration of vitamin D supplementation and gestational age at birth (r2 0·215; P< 0·001). At follow-up, after a median of 104 (IQR 78–127) d, 87 % achieved levels ≥ 50 nmol/l and 8 % had levels >125 nmol/l, a level associated with potential risk of harm. We conclude that low 25OHD levels are an issue for preterm VLBW infants, warranting early nutritional intervention. In infants with serum 25OHD levels < 50 nmol/l, a vitamin D intake of ≥ 10 μg (400 IU) daily achieves target levels in the majority; however, further work is needed to determine the exact dose to safely meet target levels without overcorrection.

scholarly journals Vitamin Intake and Loss of Muscle Mass in Older People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study of the KAMOGAWA-DM Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2335
Author(s):  
Fuyuko Takahashi ◽  
Yoshitaka Hashimoto ◽  
Ayumi Kaji ◽  
Ryosuke Sakai ◽  
Yuka Kawate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Older People ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to examine the relationships between the intakes of various vitamins and the loss of muscle mass in older people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The change in skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, kg/m2) (kg/m2/year) was defined as follows: (SMI at baseline (kg/m2) − SMI at follow-up (kg/m2))/follow-up period (year). The rate of SMI reduction (%) was calculated as follows (the change in SMI (kg/m2/year)/SMI at baseline (kg/m2)) × 100. The rate of SMI reduction ≥ 1.2% was considered as the loss of muscle mass. Among 197 people with T2DM, 47.2% of them experienced the loss of muscle mass at the 13.7 ± 5.2 month follow-up. Vitamin B1 (0.8 ± 0.3 vs. 0.8 ± 0.3 mg/day, p = 0.031), vitamin B12 (11.2 ± 8.3 vs. 13.4 ± 7.5 μg/day, p = 0.049), and vitamin D (16.5 ± 12.2 vs. 21.6 ± 13.0 μg/day, p = 0.004) intakes in people with the loss of muscle mass were significantly lower than those without. Vitamin D intake was related to the loss of muscle mass after adjusting for sex, age, exercise, alcohol, smoking, body mass index, SMI, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, insulin, HbA1c, creatinine, energy intake, and protein intake (adjusted odds ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval: 0.88–0.97, p = 0.003). This study showed that vitamin D intake was related to the loss of muscle mass in older people with T2DM. Vitamin B12 intake tended to be related to the loss of muscle mass, although vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, and vitamin E intake were not related.

Serum levels of vitamin D are not associated with future risk of venous thromboembolism

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (05) ◽  
pp. 885-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunhild Lerstad ◽  
Guri Grimnes ◽  
Sigrid K. Brækkan ◽  
Anders Vik ◽  
Jan Brox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Future Risk

SummaryPrevious studies have provided indirect evidence for a possible association between vitamin D status and risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, no study has so far investigated the association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), the biomarker of vitamin D status, and risk of VTE. The aim of our study was to investigate whether high levels of 25(OH)D were associated with decreased risk of VTE in a prospective population-based study. Serum levels of 25(OH)D were measured in 6,021 men and women, aged 25–84 years, who participated in the Tromsø Study in 1994–1995. Incident VTE-events were registered from date of inclusion through the end of follow-up, September 1, 2007. Cox-regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for VTE. There were 201 incident VTE-events during a median of 10.7 years of follow-up. The risk of VTE did not decrease per one standard deviation (SD) (19.8 nmol/l) increase in serum 25(OH)D (multivariable HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.91–1.22). Moreover, subjects with serum 25(OH)D ≥ 70 nmol/l (upper quartile) did not have decreased risk of VTE compared to those ≤ 44 nmol/l (lower quartile) in age- and sex-adjusted analysis (HR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.60–1.37, p for trend across quartiles 0.9) or multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, and physical activity (HR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.45–1.28, p for trend across quartiles 0.9). Subgroup analyses showed no associations between serum levels of 25(OH)D and unprovoked or provoked VTE. In conclusion, in our study, normal serum levels of 25(OH)D were not associated with future risk of VTE, suggesting that vitamin D status does not play an important role in the pathogenesis of VTE. However, our findings did not apply to subjects with vitamin D deficiency (< 30 nmol/l) due to lack of statistical power among these subjects.

scholarly journals Serum vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1275-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changwei Liu ◽  
Jingwen Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Wan ◽  
Xiaona Xia ◽  
Jian Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
25Ohd Level ◽  
Serum 25Ohd ◽  
The Mean

Background To investigate the relationship 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) level among children and in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods A case–control study was conducted to compare the serum 25OHD levels between cases and controls. This study recruited 296 T1DM children (106 newly diagnosed T1DM patients and 190 established T1DM patients), and 295 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects as controls. Results The mean serum 25OHD in T1DM children was 48.69 ± 15.26 nmol/L and in the controls was 57.93 ± 19.03 nmol/L. The mean serum 25OHD in T1DM children was lower than that of controls (P < 0.01). The mean serum 25OHD level (50.42 ± 14.74 nmol/L) in the newly diagnosed T1DM children was higher than that (47.70 ± 15.50 nmol/L) in the established T1DM children but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.16). HbA1c values were associated with 25OHD levels in established T1DM children (r = 0.264, P < 0.01), and there was no association between 25OHD and HbA1c in newly diagnosed T1DM children (r = 0.164; P > 0.05). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is common in T1DM children, and it should be worthy of attention on the lack of vitamin D in established T1DM children.

Questioning the adequacy of standardized vitamin D supplementation protocol in very low birth weight infants: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Sarıdemir ◽  
Ozge Surmeli Onay ◽  
Ozge Aydemir ◽  
Ayse Neslihan Tekin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vlbw Infants ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Abstract Objectives Preterm infants are at increased risk for vitamin D deficiency (VDD). We aimed to assess the adequacy of standardized vitamin D supplementation protocol in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Additionally, vitamin D status of mother/infant couples and the associations between vitamin D status at birth and morbidities of the infants were investigated. Methods In this single-center, prospective cohort study blood samples were collected from 55 mothers just before delivery and from their infants at birth and on the 30th day of life (DOL) for 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) measurements. Vitamin D was initiated in dose of 160 IU/kg by parenteral nutrition on the first DOL and oral vitamin D supplementation (400 IU/day) was administered when enteral feedings reached 50% of total intake or on the 15th DOL. Results The median 25OHD levels of the infants were 16.12 (9.14–20.50) in cord blood and 36.32 (31.10–44.44) in venous blood on the 30th DOL (p<0.01). In 98% of the VLBW infants 25OHD reached sufficient levels on the 30th DOL. None of the mothers had sufficient vitamin D levels (25OHD >30 ng/mL). Maternal 25OHD levels were correlated with the 25OHD levels of the infants in cord blood (r=0.665, p<0.001). There was a significant difference in mean cord 25OHD levels between winter (13.65 ± 5.69 ng/mL) and summer seasons (19.58 ± 11.67 ng/mL) (p=0.021). No association was found between neonatal morbidity and vitamin D status. Conclusions The results clearly show that by utilizing the current supplementation protocol, the majority of VLBW infants with deficient/insufficient serum 25OHD levels reached sufficient levels on the 30th DOL. Furthermore, vitamin D levels in mother/infant couples were found to be highly correlated.

scholarly journals The Potential Effects of Human Milk on Morbidity in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Infants

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1882
Author(s):  
Paola Roggero ◽  
Nadia Liotto ◽  
Orsola Amato ◽  
Fabio Mosca
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Vlbw Infants

Improvements in quality of care have led to a significant reduction in mortality and morbidity in preterm infants, especially very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants [...]

scholarly journals The Sun’s Vitamin in Adult Patients Affected by Prader–Willi Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Luigi Barrea ◽  
Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽  
Gabriella Pugliese ◽  
Sara Aprano ◽  
Giulia de Alteriis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
25Ohd Level ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dietary Vitamin D

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder characterized by hyperphagia with progressive, severe obesity, and an increased risk of obesity-related comorbidities in adult life. Although low dietary vitamin D intake and low 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels are commonly reported in PWS in the context of bone metabolism, the association of low 25OHD levels with fat mass has not been extensively evaluated in PWS adults. The aims of this study were to investigate the following in PWS adults: (1) 25OHD levels and the dietary vitamin D intake; (2) associations among 25OHD levels with anthropometric measurements and fat mass; (3) specific cut-off values for body mass index (BMI) and fat mass predictive of the 25OHD levels. In this cross-sectional, single-center study we enrolled 30 participants, 15 PWS adults (age 19–41 years and 40% males) and 15 control subjects matched by age, sex, and BMI from the same geographical area (latitude 40° 49’ N; elevation 17 m). Fat mass was assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) phase-sensitive system. The 25OHD levels were determined by a direct competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. Dietary vitamin D intake data was collected by three-day food records. The 25OHD levels in the PWS adults were constantly lower across all categories of BMI and fat mass compared with their obese counterpart. The 25OHD levels were negatively associated with BMI (p = 0.04), waist circumference (p = 0.03), fat mass (p = 0.04), and dietary vitamin D intake (p < 0.001). During multiple regression analysis, dietary vitamin D intake was entered at the first step (p < 0.001), thus explaining 84% of 25OHD level variability. The threshold values of BMI and fat mass predicting the lowest decrease in the 25OHD levels were found at BMI ≥ 42 kg/m2 (p = 0.01) and fat mass ≥ 42 Kg (p = 0.003). In conclusion, our data indicate that: (i) 25OHD levels and dietary vitamin D intake were lower in PWS adults than in the control, independent of body fat differences; (ii) 25OHD levels were inversely associated with BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass, but low dietary vitamin D intake was the major determinant of low vitamin D status in these patients; (iii) sample-specific cut-off values of BMI and fat mass might help to predict risks of the lowest 25OHD level decreases in PWS adults. The presence of trained nutritionists in the integrated care teams of PWS adults is strongly suggested in order to provide an accurate nutritional assessment and tailored vitamin D supplementations.

Factors associated with the quality of life of mothers of preterm infants with very low birth weight: a 3-year follow-up study

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1349-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. S. Moura ◽  
C. G. A. Araújo ◽  
M. M. Prado ◽  
H. B. M. S. Paro ◽  
R. M. C. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Mothers Of Preterm Infants

scholarly journals Vitamin D intake and risk of CVD and all-cause mortality: evidence from the Caerphilly Prospective Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 2744-2753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Guo ◽  
John R Cockcroft ◽  
Peter C Elwood ◽  
Janet E Pickering ◽  
Julie A Lovegrove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
All Cause Mortality

AbstractObjectiveProspective data on the associations between vitamin D intake and risk of CVD and all-cause mortality are limited and inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between vitamin D intake and CVD risk and all-cause mortality in the Caerphilly Prospective Cohort Study.DesignThe associations of vitamin D intake with CVD risk markers were examined cross-sectionally at baseline and longitudinally at 5-year, 10-year and >20-year follow-ups. In addition, the predictive value of vitamin D intake for CVD events and all-cause mortality after >20 years of follow-up was examined. Logistic regression and general linear regression were used for data analysis.SettingParticipants in the UK.SubjectsMen (n452) who were free from CVD and type 2 diabetes at recruitment.ResultsHigher vitamin D intake was associated with increased HDL cholesterol (P=0·003) and pulse pressure (P=0·04) and decreased total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol (P=0·008) cross-sectionally at baseline, but the associations were lost during follow-up. Furthermore, higher vitamin D intake was associated with decreased concentration of plasma TAG at baseline (P=0·01) and at the 5-year (P=0·01), but not the 10-year examination. After >20 years of follow-up, vitamin D was not associated with stroke (n72), myocardial infarctions (n142), heart failure (n43) or all-cause mortality (n281), but was positively associated with increased diastolic blood pressure (P=0·03).ConclusionsThe study supports associations of higher vitamin D intake with lower fasting plasma TAG and higher diastolic blood pressure.

scholarly journals Growth and nutrient intake among very-low-birth-weight infants fed fortified human milk during hospitalisation

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1179-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Henriksen ◽  
Ane C. Westerberg ◽  
Arild Rønnestad ◽  
Britt Nakstad ◽  
Marit B. Veierød ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Vlbw Infants ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Discharge From Hospital

Postnatal growth failure in preterm infants is due to interactions between genetic and environmental factors, which are not fully understood. We assessed dietary supply of nutrients in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW, < 1500 g) infants fed fortified human milk, and examined the association between nutrient intake, medical factors and growth during hospitalisation lasting on average 70 d. We studied 127 VLBW infants during the early neonatal period. Data were obtained from medical records on nutrient intake, growth and growth-related factors. Extra-uterine growth restriction was defined as body weight < 10th percentile of the predicted value at discharge. Using logistic regression, we evaluated nutrient intake and other relevant factors associated with extra-uterine growth restriction in the subgroup of VLBW infants with adequate weight for gestational age at birth. The proportion of growth restriction was 33 % at birth and increased to 58 % at discharge from hospital. Recommended values for energy intake (>500 kJ/kg per d) and intra-uterine growth rate (15 g/kg per d) were not met, neither in the period from birth to 28 weeks post-conceptional age (PCA), nor from 37 weeks PCA to discharge. Factors negatively associated with growth restriction were energy intake (Ptrend = 0·002), non-Caucasian ethnicity (P = 0·04) and weight/predicted birth weight at birth (Ptrend = 0·004). Extra-uterine growth restriction is common in VLBW infants fed primarily fortified human milk. Currently recommended energy and nutrient intake for growing preterm infants was not achieved. Reduced energy supply and non-Caucasian ethnicity were risk factors for growth restriction at discharge from hospital.

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