scholarly journals Liking for fat is associated with sociodemographic, psychological, lifestyle and health characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 1353-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Lampuré ◽  
Amélie Deglaire ◽  
Pascal Schlich ◽  
Katia Castetbon ◽  
Sandrine Péneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Individual Profiles ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Original Information ◽  
Sensory Liking

Sensory liking influences dietary behaviour, but little is known about specifically associated individual profiles. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between liking for fat-and-salt and fat-and-sweet sensations and sociodemographic, economic, psychological, lifestyle and health characteristics in a large sample. Individual characteristics and liking scores were collected by a questionnaire among 37 181 French adults. Liking scores were constructed using a validated preference questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between liking levels and individual characteristics. In both sexes, subjects belonging to low-level occupational categories (OR 1·39, 95 % CI 1·16, 1·67 in men; OR 1·28, 95 % CI 1·16, 1·41 in women), highly uncontrolled eaters (men: OR 2·90, 95 % CI 2·60, 3·23; women: OR 2·73, 95 % CI 2·27, 3·30) and obese subjects (men: OR 1·45, 95 % CI 1·14, 1·84; women: OR 1·47, 95 % CI 1·29, 1·68) were more likely to have a strong liking for the fat-and-sweet sensation, whereas older individuals (men: OR 0·13, 95 % CI 0·10, 0·16; women: OR 0·11, 95 % CI 0·09, 0·14) and highly cognitive restrainers (men: OR 0·52, 95 % CI 0·44, 0·63; women: OR 0·60, 95 % CI 0·55, 0·66) were less likely to have a strong liking. Regarding liking for the fat-and-salt sensation, the same associations were found and specific relationships were also highlighted: current smokers and heavy drinkers were more likely to strongly prefer the fat-and-salt sensation compared with non-smokers and abstainers or irregular alcohol consumers. The relationship between individual characteristics and a liking for fat sensation provides new and original information that may be useful for a better understanding of the associations between sensory liking and individual behaviour.

scholarly journals The relationship between dietary exposure to persistent organic pollutants from fish consumption and type 2 diabetes among First Nations in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (S1) ◽  
pp. 168-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesya Marushka ◽  
Xuefeng Hu ◽  
Malek Batal ◽  
Constantine Tikhonov ◽  
Tonio Sadik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective We previously examined the associations between dietary dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) intake from fish consumption and type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence in Ontario and Manitoba. This study aims to further explore the relationship in a regionally representative sample of First Nations adults living on-reserve across Canada. Methods Dietary, health and lifestyle data collected by the cross-sectional First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008–2018) were analyzed. This participatory study included 6091 First Nations adult participants who answered questions on T2D. The consumption of locally caught fish was estimated with a food frequency questionnaire. A total of 551 samples from 96 fish species were collected and analyzed for the presence of DDE and PCBs. The associations between fish and dietary DDE/PCBs intake with self-reported T2D were investigated using multiple logistic regression models adjusted for confounders. Results Dietary exposure to DDE (>2.11 ng/kg/bw) and PCBs (>1.47 ng/kg/bw) vs no exposure was positively associated with T2D with ORs of 2.33 (95% CI: 1.24–4.35) for DDE and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.01–3.59) for PCBs. The associations were stronger among females (DDE OR = 3.11 (1.41–6.88); PCBs OR = 1.76 (1.10–3.65)) and older individuals (DDE OR = 2.64 (1.12–6.20); PCBs OR = 1.44 (1.01–3.91)) as compared with males and younger participants. Also, significant dose-response relationships were found for fish consumption in females only. Conclusion This study confirms our previous findings that dietary DDE/PCBs exposure may increase the risk of T2D. The effect of DDE/PCBs from fish consumption is driven by geographical differences in DDE/PCBs concentrations in fish and by the amount of fish consumed, and is more prominent in females than in males.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Group Spatial Assimilation in Inner and Outer Suburban Rings

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Grigoris Argeros
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Status Characteristics ◽  
Suburban Ring ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Assimilation Model

The present study examines inner and outer suburban ring attainment outcomes among racial and ethnic groups that reside in the nation’s metropolitan areas. The main objective is to evaluate the extent to which the relationship between racial and ethnic group’s socioeconomic status characteristics and residence between inner and outer suburban rings conforms to the tenets of the spatial assimilation model. Using micro-level data from the five-year 2012–2016 American Community Survey, the author calculates multinomial logistic regression models to determine the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and other relevant predictors on residence within the nation’s metropolitan area’s suburban inner and outer rings. The results both confirm and contradict the main tenets of the spatial assimilation model. To the extent that income, education, and homeownership are positively related to residence in both suburban rings, the findings also suggest that access to inner and outer rings is hierarchically stratified by race and ethnicity.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Group Spatial Assimilation in Inner and Outer Suburban Rings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigoris Argeros
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Status Characteristics ◽  
Suburban Ring ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Assimilation Model

The present study examines inner and outer suburban ring attainment outcomes among racial and ethnic groups residing in the nation’s metropolitan areas. The main objective is to evaluate the extent to which the relationship between racial and ethnic group’s socioeconomic status characteristics and residence between inner and outer suburban rings conforms to the tenets of the spatial assimilation model. Using micro-level data from the 5-year 2012-2016 American Community Survey, the author calculates multinomial logistic regression models to determine the effects of SES and other relevant predictors on residence within the nation’s metropolitan area’s suburban inner and outer rings. The results both confirm and contradict the main tenets of the spatial assimilation model. To the extent that income, education, and homeownership are positively related to residence in both suburban rings, the findings also suggest that access to inner and outer rings is hierarchically stratified by race and ethnicity.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Inequalities and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Evidence From England and Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
Aswathikutty Gireesh ◽  
Pamela Almeida-Meza ◽  
Hashimoto Hideki ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Dorina Cadar
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Japan is the world’s fastest ageing population, with a higher prevalence of dementia than in the UK. Less clear is the role of socioeconomic inequalities in neurocognitive disorders between these countries. This study aims to assess comparatively the relationship between education, a marker of cognitive reserve, and income in relation to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in England and Japan. We ascertained MCI using a validated algorithm based on one standard deviation below the mean on two standardised cognitive tests. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to study the associations between socioeconomic markers and MCI/dementia. The prevalence of MCI was almost twice as high among English adults compared to Japanese. Results suggest that nations are similar in overall socioeconomic inequalities of MCI/dementia, but this might differ across socioeconomic markers. Considerable variability in the health inequalities could be attributed to the country-specific socio-cultural-political factors, which remains to be further explored.

scholarly journals Medical students perceptions and motivations in time of COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Tempski ◽  
Fernanda M Arantes-Costa ◽  
Renata Kobayasi ◽  
Marina AM Siqueira ◽  
Matheus M Torsani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Student Organizations ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Sense Of Purpose

Background: There has been a rapid increase in the number of cases of COVID19 in Latin America, Africa and Asia, in many countries that have an insufficient number of physicians and other health care personnel, and the need for the inclusion of medical students as part of the health teams is a very important issue. It has been recommended that medical students work as volunteers, have appropriate training, do not undertake any activity beyond their level of competence, have continuous supervision and adequate personal protective equipment. However, motivation of medical students must be evaluated in order to make volunteering a more evidence-based initiative. The aim of our study was to evaluate motivation of medical students to be part of the health team to help in the COVID19 pandemic. Methods and Findings: We developed a questionnaire specifically to evaluate medical students perceptions about participating in care of patients with suspected infection due to coronavirus during the COVID19 pandemic. The questionnaire had two parts: a) individual characteristics, year and geographic location of medical school; b) twenty eight statements responded on a 5 point Likert scale (totally agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree and totally disagree). To develop the questionnaire, we performed consensus meetings of a group of faculty and medical students. The questionnaire was sent to student organizations of 257 medical schools in Brazil and answered by 10,433 students. We used multinomial logistic regression models to analyse the data. Statements with greater odds ratios for participation of medical students in COVID19 pandemic were related to sense of purpose or duty (It is the duty of the medical student to put himself at the service of the population in the pandemic), altruism (I am willing to take risks by participating in practical in the context of pandemic), perception of good performance and professional identity (I will be a better health professional for having experienced the pandemic). Males had higher odds ratios than females (1.36 [95% CI: 1.24 to 1.49] to 1.68 [95% CI: 1.47 to 1.91]). Conclusions: Medical students are motivated by sense of purpose or duty, altruism, perception of good performance and values of professionalism more than their interest in learning. These results have implications in the developing of programs of volunteering and in the design of health force policies in the present pandemic and in future health emergencies.

scholarly journals Medical students’ perceptions and motivations during the COVID-19 pandemic

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248627
Author(s):  
Patricia Tempski ◽  
Fernanda M. Arantes-Costa ◽  
Renata Kobayasi ◽  
Marina A. M. Siqueira ◽  
Matheus B. Torsani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Student Organizations ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Sense Of Purpose

Background There has been a rapid increase in the number of cases of COVID-19 in Latin America, Africa, Asia and many countries that have an insufficient number of physicians and other health care personnel, and the need for the inclusion of medical students on health teams is a very important issue. It has been recommended that medical students work as volunteers, undergo appropriate training, not undertake any activity beyond their level of competence, and receive continuous supervision and adequate personal protective equipment. However, the motivation of medical students must be evaluated to make volunteering a more evidence-based initiative. The aim of our study was to evaluate the motivation of medical students to be part of health teams to aid in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and findings We developed a questionnaire specifically to evaluate medical students’ perceptions about participating in the care of patients with suspected infection with coronavirus during the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire had two parts: a) one part with questions on individual characteristics, year in medical school and geographic location of the medical school and b) a second part with twenty-eight statements assessed on a 5-point Likert scale (totally agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree and totally disagree). To develop the questionnaire, we performed consensus meetings with a group of faculty and medical students. The questionnaire was sent to student organizations of 257 medical schools in Brazil and answered by 10,433 students. We used multinomial logistic regression models to analyze the data. Statements associated with greater odds ratios for participation of medical students in the COVID-19 pandemic were related to a sense of purpose or duty (“It is the duty of the medical student to put himself or herself at the service of the population in the pandemic”), altruism (“I am willing to take risks by participating in practice in the context of the pandemic”), and perception of good performance and professional identity (“I will be a better health professional for having experienced the pandemic”). Males were more prone than females to believe that only interns should participate in the care of patients with COVID-19 (odds ratio 1.36 [coefficient interval 95%:1.24–1.49]) and that all students should participate (OR 1.68 [CI:1.4–1.91]). Conclusions Medical students are more motivated by a sense of purpose or duty, altruism, perception of good performance and values of professionalism than by their interest in learning. These results have implications for the development of volunteering programs and the design of health force policies in the present pandemic and in future health emergencies.

An Examination of Motivation and Routine Activity Theory to Account for Cyberattacks Against Dutch Web Sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Holt ◽  
Rutger Leukfeldt ◽  
Steve van de Weijer
Keyword(s):  
Activity Theory ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Routine Activity Theory ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Offender Motivation ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
The Relationship

This study provides a partial test of the relationship between actor motivations and target suitability using a routine activity framework to understand a form of cybercrime called web defacements. Specifically, the relationships between the visibility, inertia, value, and accessibility of the target in online spaces relative to the unique nonmonetary motivations of the attacker were examined. This study utilized a sample of 138,361 web defacements performed against websites hosted within the Netherlands IP space from January 2011 to April 2017. Seven multinomial logistic regression models were conducted for each self-identified motive for the attack, clustered by attacker to minimize the size of standard errors. The findings demonstrated partial support for aspects of routine activity theory to account for differences in offender motivation, suggesting web defacements are similar to other forms of cybercrime. At the same time, motivations differentially shape target selection.

Childhood family background and female fertility intentions in China: analysis under different policy conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manyu Lan
Keyword(s):  
Family Background ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Fertility Intentions ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to clarify the relationship between childhood family background and female fertility intentions in adulthood, fertility intentions for a second child under the universal two-child policy, and ideal fertility intentions under no birth restrictions. Methods Using 3388 participants sampled from the 2016 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey, I analyzed the relationship between women’s family background in childhood and their fertility intentions in adulthood. Zero-inflated Poisson regression and multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine the predictors of women’s intended number of children under different policy conditions. Results Women with more siblings intended to have more children. Parents’ education had a negative effect on daughters’ fertility intentions. There was also a cohort effect in female fertility intentions. Conclusions These empirical results suggest women’s fertility intentions are associated with their family background in childhood. A better socioeconomic status in childhood means women have moderate reproductive desires in adulthood.

Dual Task, Noise, and The Speech-Language Pathologist: A Clinical Guideline for Adult Multi-Tasking Intervention With Noise

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Jennine Harvey ◽  
Scott Seeman ◽  
Deborah von Hapsburg
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Clinical Guideline ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Hearing In Noise ◽  
Hearing Function ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The field of Cognitive Hearing Science examines the relationship between cognitive, linguistic, and hearing functions. Although these areas are of particular importance to speech-language pathology, few studies have investigated applications of cognitive hearing science to clinical practice. The purpose of this review article is to (1) explore and present a summary of cognitive hearing science techniques for dual-task and hearing-in-noise procedures and implications to speech-language pathology, and (2) provide a clinical guide for speech-language pathology in adult multitasking intervention with noise. It is well understood that areas of cognitive skill and hearing function decline with age; therefore, additional understanding of the relationship of these functions is of particular importance to speech-language pathologists working with older individuals. This article meets the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA's) Special Interest Group (SIG) 15's mission of “research-to-practice” professional development by “promoting understanding of the effects of normal and pathological aging on cognition, language […] and hearing” (ASHA, 2017), and is intended to be of interest to the SIG 15 readership.

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