scholarly journals Vitamin E intake, α-tocopherol levels and pulmonary function in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (7) ◽  
pp. 1096-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janna W. Woestenenk ◽  
Nancy Broos ◽  
Rebecca K. Stellato ◽  
Hubertus G. M. Arets ◽  
Cornelis K. van der Ent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Serum Igg

Pancreatic insufficiency cystic fibrosis (CF) patients receive vitamin E supplementation according to CF-specific recommendations in order to prevent deficiencies. It has been suggested that higher serum α-tocopherol levels could have protective effects on pulmonary function (PF) in patients with CF. Whether current recommendations are indeed optimal for preventing deficiency and whether vitamin E has therapeutic benefits are subjects of debate. Therefore, we studied vitamin E intake as well as the long-term effects of vitamin E intake, the coefficient of fat absorption (CFA) and IgG on α-tocopherol levels. We also examined the long-term effects of serum α-tocopherol and serum IgG on forced expiratory volume in 1 s expressed as percentage of predicted (FEV1% pred.) in paediatric CF patients during a 7-year follow-up period. We found that CF patients failed to meet the CF-specific vitamin E recommendations, but serum α-tocopherol below the 2·5th percentile was found in only twenty-three of the 1022 measurements (2 %). Furthermore, no clear effect of vitamin E intake or the CFA on serum α-tocopherol was found (both P≥ 0·103). FEV1% pred. was longitudinally inversely associated with age (P< 0·001) and serum IgG (P= 0·003), but it was not related to serum α-tocopherol levels. We concluded that in the present large sample of children and adolescents with CF, vitamin E intake was lower than recommended, but serum α-tocopherol deficiency was rare. We found no evidence that higher serum α-tocopherol levels had protective effects on PF. Adjustment of the recommendations to the real-life intake of these patients may be considered.

scholarly journals More complaints than findings - Long-term pulmonary function in children and adolescents after COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leona Knoke ◽  
Anne Schlegtendal ◽  
Christoph Maier ◽  
Lynn Eitner ◽  
Thomas Luecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Diffusion Capacity ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Abnormal Pulmonary Function

Background: The frequency of persistent symptoms after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults varies from 4.5% to 87%. Pulmonary function can also show long-term impairment in adults: 10% of hospitalised adults had reduced spirometry values, and 24% had decreased diffusion capacity. To date, only preliminary evidence is available on persistent respiratory sequelae in children and adolescents, therefore our objective was to examine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on pulmonary function in this age group. Methods: Multiple-breath washout, body plethysmography, and diffusion capacity testing were performed after an average of 2.6 months (range 0.4-6.0) following COVID-19 in 73 children and adolescents (age 5-18 years) with different disease severity. Cases were compared to 45 controls with and without infection within six months prior to assessment after exclusion of severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 infection (SARS-CoV-2). Results: Of the 19 patients (27.1%) who complained about persistent or newly emerged symptoms since COVID-19, 8 (11.4%) reported respiratory symptoms. Comparing patients with COVID-19 to controls, no significant differences were detected in frequency of abnormal pulmonary function (COVID-19: 12, 16.4%; controls: 12, 27.7%; OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.22-1.34). Only two patients with persistent respiratory symptoms showed abnormal pulmonary function. Multivariate analysis revealed reduced forced vital capacity (p=0.045) in patients with severe infection regardless of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Discussion: Pulmonary function is rarely impaired in children and adolescents after COVID-19, except of those with severe infection. The discrepancy between persistent respiratory symptoms and normal pulmonary function suggests a different underlying pathology such as dysfunctional breathing.

Monitoring of prolactin levels in children and adolescents prescribed antipsychotic medication: a complete audit cycle

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
E. Uduehi ◽  
L. Gallagher ◽  
T. Alugo
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Minimal Improvement ◽  
Audit Cycle

Aims and methodsAntipsychotics have proven benefits in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. However, notwithstanding some therapeutic benefits significant side effects are associated with the use of antipsychotics, such as hyperprolactinaemia. We completed an audit cycle between April 2013 and December 2013 to evaluate the practice in the Beechpark Autism Service with respect to monitoring and managing hyperprolactinaemia in children and adolescents prescribed antipsychotics. The re-audit assessed whether the recommended guidelines and changes had been implemented. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines were used as a gold standard for this audit.ResultsBasal determinations of serum prolactin improved significantly at the end of the audit cycle (28.6% v. 57%) with slight improvement in six monthly repeat prolactin monitoring (28.6% v. 39.1%) showing some change in clinical practice. However, there was minimal improvement in managing hyperprolactinaemia (0% v. 12.5%).Clinical implicationThere is growing awareness about hyperprolactinaemia associated with the use of antipsychotic medication in children and adolescents and the long-term effects. Clear documented guidelines will help increase and improve the monitoring and management of hyperprolactinaemia in these groups of patients. However, more needs to be done in improving the practice of monitoring and managing hyperprolactinaemia in children and adolescent prescribed antipsychotic medication giving the documented long-term effects.

Long-term Effects of Physical Exercise on Working Capacity and Pulmonary Function in Cystic Fibrosis

1987 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENGT ANDRÉASSON ◽  
BJÖRN JONSON ◽  
RAGNHILD KORNFÄLT ◽  
EVA NORDMARK ◽  
STAFFAN SANDSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Long Term Effects

Active Shooter Protocols: Perceptions, Preparedness, and Anxiety

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Veronica Worthington ◽  
Matthew Hayes ◽  
Melissa Reeves
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Active Shooter ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Knowledge

The national concern about active shootings has pushed schools to implement intense drills without considering unintended consequences. Studies have found that, although training had the potential to increase preparedness, it also increased anxiety. These findings apply to short-term effects, but there is a lack of empirical research on long-term effects of active shooter drills. The present study investigated whether active shooter training completed in high school impacts current levels of anxiety and preparedness of undergraduates. Collegiate participants (N = 364) completed an online survey and answered questions about their perceived knowledge of protocols, protocol actions, and training methods from high school followed by the same set of questions, this time referring to their current university. Participants then completed an anxiety measure (Spielberger, 1983) and a preparedness measure. Two hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to predict anxiety and preparedness. This study expanded findings on the effects of active shooter training by demonstrating long-term effects for high school training. Evacuation protocols (β = −.13, p = .03; β = .16, p = .007) and perceived knowledge (β = −.16, p = .004; β = .14, p = .01) positively impacted anxiety and preparedness, respectively, of university students. Experiences at the university level had an additional, larger impact on student anxiety, ΔR2 = .11, F(8, 347) = 5.88, p < .001, and preparedness, ΔR2> = .26, F(8, 347) = 17.32, p < .001, which seems to overshadow the effects from high school. This may be problematic because the perceived knowledge that leads to higher feelings of preparedness may not translate into appropriate actions in a real-life situation, potentially risking lives.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term effects of diving on pulmonary function

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (143) ◽  
pp. 160097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Tetzlaff ◽  
Paul S. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
The Impact

The diving environment provides a challenge to the lung, including exposure to high ambient pressure, altered gas characteristics and cardiovascular effects on the pulmonary circulation. Several factors associated with diving affect pulmonary function acutely and can potentially cause prolonged effects that may accumulate gradually with repeated diving exposure. Evidence from experimental deep dives and longitudinal studies suggests long-term adverse effects of diving on the lungs in commercial deep divers, such as the development of small airways disease and accelerated loss of lung function. In addition, there is an accumulating body of evidence that diving with self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) may not be associated with deleterious effects on pulmonary function. Although changes in pulmonary function after single scuba dives have been found to be associated with immersion, ambient cold temperatures and decompression stress, changes in lung function were small and suggest a low likelihood of clinical significance. Recent evidence points to no accelerated loss of lung function in military or recreational scuba divers over time. Thus, the impact of diving on pulmonary function largely depends on factors associated with the individual diving exposure. However, in susceptible subjects clinically relevant worsening of lung function may occur even after single shallow-water scuba dives.

scholarly journals The short and long term effects of exercise training in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis – a randomised controlled trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie L Lee ◽  
Catherine J Hill ◽  
Nola Cecins ◽  
Sue Jenkins ◽  
Christine F McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Randomised Controlled
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