scholarly journals Dietary factors and biomarkers of systemic inflammation in older people: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 1088-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janie Corley ◽  
Janet A. M. Kyle ◽  
John M. Starr ◽  
Geraldine McNeill ◽  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort

Epidemiological studies have reported inverse associations between various single healthy diet indices and lower levels of systemic inflammation, but rarely are they examined in the same sample. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential relationships between biomarkers of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen) and overall foods (dietary patterns), single foods (fruits and vegetables), and specific nutritive (antioxidants) and non-nutritive (flavonoids) food components in the same narrow-age cohort of older adults. The dietary intake of 792 participants aged 70 years from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 was assessed using a 168-item FFQ. Models were adjusted for age, sex, childhood cognitive ability, lifestyle factors and history of disease. Using logistic regression analyses, CRP (normal v. elevated) was favourably associated (at P< 0·05) with the ‘health-aware’ (low-fat) dietary pattern (unstandardised β = (0·200, OR 0·82, 95 % CI 0·68, 0·99) and fruit intake (unstandardised β = (0·100, OR 0·91, 95 % CI 0·82, 0·99), including flavonoid-rich apples (unstandardised β = (0·456, OR 0·63, 95 % CI 0·439, 0·946). Using linear regression analyses, fibrinogen (continuous) was inversely associated (at P< 0·05) with the Mediterranean dietary pattern (standardised β = (0·100), fruit intake (standardised β = (0·083), and combined fruit and vegetable intake (standardised β = (0·084). We observed no association between food components (antioxidant nutrients or specific flavonoid subclasses) and inflammatory markers. In the present cross-sectional study, nutrient-dense dietary patterns were associated with lower levels of systemic inflammation in older people. The results are consistent with dietary guidelines that promote a balanced diet based on a variety of plant-based foods.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and trajectories of global and domain-specific cognitive decline in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Janie Corley ◽  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort

Abstract Healthy dietary patterns may protect against age-related cognitive decline but results of studies have been inconsistent and few have had extensive longitudinal follow-up with comprehensive cognitive testing. The aim of the present study was to determine associations of dietary patterns with trajectories of global and domain-specific cognitive change over a 12-year period. Data from 863 community-dwelling, dementia-free participants from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study of ageing completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline (aged 70) and underwent cognitive testing at baseline, age 73, 76, 79, and 82. Composite cognitive scores were constructed for four cognitive domains (visuospatial ability, processing speed, memory, and verbal ability) and global cognitive function. A Mediterranean-style pattern and a traditional pattern were derived using principal component analysis of self-reported dietary intakes. In fully-adjusted latent growth curve models, higher baseline adherence to the Mediterranean-style dietary pattern (β = 0.056, P = 0.009) and lower baseline adherence to the traditional dietary pattern (β = -0.087, P < 0.001) were cross-sectionally associated with better verbal ability. A slightly steeper decline in verbal ability over 12 years was observed in those with higher Mediterranean-style diet scores at baseline (β = -0.003, P = 0.008). All other associations were non-significant. Our findings in this well-characterised Scottish cohort indicate that adherence to a healthy Mediterranean-style diet is associated cross-sectionally with better verbal (crystallised) ability, with the converse being true for the traditional diet. A healthier baseline diet did not predict a reduced risk of global or domain-specific cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Red Blood Cell Aggregation-Associated Dietary Pattern Predicts Hyperlipidemia and Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Lin ◽  
Chun-Chao Chang ◽  
Kuo-Ching Yuan ◽  
Hsing-Jung Yeh ◽  
Sheng-Uei Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Reduced Rank Regression ◽  
Rbc Aggregation

Red blood cell (RBC) aggregation and iron status are interrelated and strongly influenced by dietary factors, and their alterations pose a great risk of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Currently, RBC aggregation-related dietary patterns remain unclear. This study investigated the dietary patterns that were associated with RBC aggregation and their predictive effects on hyperlipidemia and MetS. Anthropometric and blood biochemical data and food frequency questionnaires were collected from 212 adults. Dietary patterns were derived using reduced rank regression from 32 food groups. Adjusted linear regression showed that hepcidin, soluble CD163, and serum transferrin saturation (%TS) independently predicted RBC aggregation (all p < 0.01). Age-, sex-, and log-transformed body mass index (BMI)-adjusted prevalence rate ratio (PRR) showed a significant positive correlation between RBC aggregation and hyperlipidemia (p-trend < 0.05). RBC aggregation and iron-related dietary pattern scores (high consumption of noodles and deep-fried foods and low intake of steamed, boiled, and raw food, dairy products, orange, red, and purple vegetables, white and light-green vegetables, seafood, and rice) were also significantly associated with hyperlipidemia (p-trend < 0.05) and MetS (p-trend = 0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, and log-transformed BMI. Our results may help dieticians develop dietary strategies for preventing dyslipidemia and MetS.

scholarly journals Dietary iodine exposure and brain structures and cognition in older people. Exploratory analysis in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 971-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria del C. Valdés Hernández ◽  
J. Kyle ◽  
J. Allan ◽  
M. Allerhand ◽  
H. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort

scholarly journals Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and cognitive ability in older people: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustinus Laude ◽  
Gerassimos Lascaratos ◽  
Ross D Henderson ◽  
John M Starr ◽  
Ian J Deary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort

scholarly journals Web of Causation between Dietary Patterns and Childhood Obesity: Applying Hill's Criteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-438
Author(s):  
Costela Lăcrimioara Șerban ◽  
Denis Mihai Șerban ◽  
Ștefania Ioana Butica ◽  
Diana Lungeanu
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Bradford Hill ◽  
Bradford Hill Criteria ◽  
Hill Criteria

Abstract Since their publication in 1965, the Bradford Hill criteria for causality have been largely used as a framework for causal inference in epidemiology. We aim at employing this classical approach to shed new light onto the web of causation of childhood obesity. Although the fundamental cause of obesity is the long-term imbalance between energetic need and intake, this medical condition is multifactorial in its origin, influenced by genetic, behavioral, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. This imbalance leads to accumulation of excessive adipose tissue. Observational studies tend to mostly quantify association between dietary factors and accumulation of adipose tissue. On the other hand, multivariate analysis proved some of these associations to be spurious, therefore prospective trials are needed to demonstrate causality. Short term experimental studies have been conducted to identify unique dietary pattern changes on specific outcomes, but long term, community-based studies would offer more comprehensive answers on dietary pattern effects. We conducted a literature review on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. From a total of 323 papers identified at first stage, we further discuss the applicability of Bradford Hill criteria for 31 articles, by examples of dietary patterns and accumulation of excess body fat as exposure-response associations. We also put forward and analyzed the evidence prospective studies would bring, as foundation for future interventions.

scholarly journals DNA methylation and the epigenetic clock in relation to physical frailty in older people: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharine R. Gale ◽  
Riccardo E. Marioni ◽  
Sarah E. Harris ◽  
John M. Starr ◽  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Older People ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Epigenetic Clock ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort

Associations of Dietary Pattern and Sleep Duration with Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Seven-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xianwen Shang ◽  
Allison M. Hodge ◽  
Edward Hill ◽  
Zhuoting Zhu ◽  
Mingguang He
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Nutrition Survey

Background: A few studies have linked dietary patterns and sleep to cognitive decline. Objective: To examine the independent and joint associations of dietary patterns and sleep with cognitive decline. Methods: Our analysis included 2,307 participants aged 55– 89 years at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary intake was assessed using weighing methods in combination with 24 h dietary recalls for three consecutive days. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to identify major dietary factors. Cognition was assessed in 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, and 2015. Results: Five dietary patterns were identified: dairy-fruits-fast foods, grains-vegetables-pork, plant-based food, beans-mushroom, and beverages-nuts patterns. Beans-mushroom pattern and sleep duration of 8 h/day were defined as healthy habits. There was a positive association between the beans-mushroom pattern and change in the global cognitive Z-score over seven years (β (95% CI) for quintile 5 versus quintile 1:0.17 (0.05, 0.30)). Compared to individuals with sleep duration of 8 h/day, those with sleep duration of≤5 h/day (β (95% CI): – 0.23 (– 0.45, – 0.00)) or >  10 h/day (– 0.52 (– 0.73, – 0.32)) had a greater decrease in global cognitive Z-score. Compared to individuals with no healthy patterns, those with a healthy dietary pattern only (β (95% CI): 0.18 (0.08, 0.28)), healthy sleep pattern only (0.13 (0.04, 0.23), and both healthy dietary and sleep patterns (0.19 (0.08, 0.31)) had a relative increase in global cognitive Z-score. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of involving both diet and sleep as intervention priorities for the potential prevention of cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Assessment of Dietary Patterns Represents a Potential, Yet Variable, Measure of Inflammatory Status: A Review and Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana C. Calle ◽  
Catherine J. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Chronic low-grade, systemic inflammation is a well-characterized risk factor in the development of chronic metabolic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Diet could be an effective strategy for reducing inflammation associated with chronic disease. While anti-inflammatory properties of isolated dietary bioactive and functional foods have been routinely studied, the evaluation of dietary patterns on inflammation warrants further review—especially given the recent inclusion of dietary pattern recommendations into dietary guidelines and policies. Therefore, the objective of this narrative review is to examine current evidence linking diet to low-grade, systemic inflammation within the context of chronic disease. Specifically, we provide an update on the findings from human trials that have characterized anti-inflammatory properties of dietary patterns, defined by various methods and indexes. Given the complexity of interpreting results from dietary pattern analysis, we further present recent evidence on the anti-inflammatory roles of isolated bioactive nutrients and functional foods that are common components of distinct dietary patterns, in addition to considerations for interpreting dietary pattern research, population-specific dietary recommendations, and future studies. Overall, we observe a vast range of variability in the evidence from observational studies that have evaluated the relationships between healthy dietary patterns and inflammatory markers. These studies highlight the need for additional intervention studies with study designs that account for metabolic status, diversity in populations, breadth of inflammatory measurements, fasting vs. postprandial effects of diet, and control of confounding factors (e.g., genotype, microbiome profiles, and dietary adherence) in order to better understand the effect that diet has, as a whole, on inflammation. These strategies will help to strengthen diet recommendations aimed at reducing inflammation and chronic disease risk.

scholarly journals Change in Physical Activity, Sleep Quality, and Psychosocial Variables during COVID-19 Lockdown: Evidence from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Judith A. Okely ◽  
Janie Corley ◽  
Miles Welstead ◽  
Adele M. Taylor ◽  
Danielle Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Older People ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Psychosocial Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort ◽  
History Of

(1) Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected the lives of older people. In this study, we examine changes in physical activity, sleep quality, and psychosocial variables among older people during COVID-19 lockdown. We build on cross-sectional studies on this topic by assessing change longitudinally. We also examined whether participant characteristics including demographic, cognitive, personality, and health variables were related to more positive or negative changes during lockdown. (2) Methods: 137 older participants (mean age 84 years) from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study were included in the analysis. They completed the same questionnaires assessing physical activity, sleep quality, mental wellbeing, social support, loneliness, neighbourhood cohesion, and memory problems before (mostly 2 years earlier) and again during national lockdown. (3) Results: On average, levels of physical activity were reduced (those doing minimal physical activity increased from 10% to 19%) and perceived social support increased during lockdown (effect size drm = 0.178). More positive change in the psychosocial and behavioural outcome variables during lockdown was associated with personality traits (greater intellect, emotional stability, and extraversion) and having a higher general cognitive ability. Participants with a history of cardiovascular disease, more symptoms of anxiety, or who lived alone were more likely to experience negative changes in the outcome variables during lockdown. (4) Discussion: These results provide further insight into the experiences of older people during the COVID-19 pandemic and could help to identify those at greatest risk of negative psychosocial or behavioural changes during this time.

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