Effect of daily consumption of cranberry beverage on insulin sensitivity and modification of cardiovascular risk factors in adults with obesity: a pilot, randomised, placebo-controlled study

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Hsia ◽  
Derek J. Zhang ◽  
Robbie S. Beyl ◽  
Frank L. Greenway ◽  
Christina Khoo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Stress Biomarkers

AbstractCranberries are high in polyphenols, and epidemiological studies have shown that a high-polyphenol diet may reduce risk factors for diabetes and CVD. The present study aimed to determine if short-term cranberry beverage consumption would improve insulin sensitivity and other cardiovascular risk factors. Thirty-five individuals with obesity and with elevated fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance participated in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-designed pilot trial. Participants consumed 450 ml of low-energy cranberry beverage or placebo daily for 8 weeks. Changes in insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk factors including vascular reactivity, blood pressure, RMR, glucose tolerance, lipid profiles and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated. Change in insulin sensitivity via hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp was not different between the two groups. Levels of 8-isoprostane (biomarker of lipid peroxidation) decreased in the cranberry group but increased in the placebo group (–2·18 v. +20·81 pg/ml; P = 0·02). When stratified by baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, participants with high CRP levels (>4 mg/l) benefited more from cranberry consumption. In this group, significant differences in the mean change from baseline between the cranberry (n 10) and the placebo groups (n 7) in levels of TAG (–13·75 v. +10·32 %; P = 0·04), nitrate (+3·26 v. −6·28 µmol/l; P = 0·02) and 8-isoprostane (+0·32 v. +30·8 pg/ml; P = 0·05) were observed. These findings indicate that 8 weeks of daily cranberry beverage consumption may not impact insulin sensitivity but may be helpful in lowering TAG and changing certain oxidative stress biomarkers in individuals with obesity and a proinflammatory state.

scholarly journals The Role of Antioxidants Supplementation in Clinical Practice: Focus on Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Vittoria Cammisotto ◽  
Cristina Nocella ◽  
Simona Bartimoccia ◽  
Valerio Sanguigni ◽  
Davide Francomano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Stress Burden

Oxidative stress may be defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant system to counteract or detoxify these potentially damaging molecules. This phenomenon is a common feature of many human disorders, such as cardiovascular disease. Many of the risk factors, including smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and obesity, are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, involving an elevated oxidative stress burden (either due to enhanced ROS production or decreased antioxidant protection). There are many therapeutic options to treat oxidative stress-associated cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have focused on the utility of antioxidant supplementation. However, whether antioxidant supplementation has any preventive and/or therapeutic value in cardiovascular pathology is still a matter of debate. In this review, we provide a detailed description of oxidative stress biomarkers in several cardiovascular risk factors. We also discuss the clinical implications of the supplementation with several classes of antioxidants, and their potential role for protecting against cardiovascular risk factors.

scholarly journals Impact of successful transsphenoidal surgery on cardiovascular risk factors in acromegaly

2003 ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Jaffrain-Rea ◽  
G Minniti ◽  
C Moroni ◽  
V Esposito ◽  
E Ferretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Transsphenoidal Surgery ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Diastolic Filling ◽  
Igf I

BACKGROUND: Cardiac abnormalities develop in patients with acromegaly as a consequence of effects of GH/IGF-I on the heart and related cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible contribution of postoperative variations in blood pressure (BP), glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity to the cardiac improvement reported in patients who have been cured of acromegaly. DESIGN: Thirty-one patients with acromegaly were studied before and 6 Months after successful transsphenoidal surgery, defined by normal age-related IGF-I concentrations and glucose-suppressed GH concentrations <1 microg/l. METHODS: Cardiovascular parameters were assessed by Doppler echocardiography and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Insulin sensitivity indexes were calculated on the basis of fasting and post-load glycaemia and insulinaemia and referred to as HOMA(ISI) and OGTT(ISI), respectively. RESULTS: Successful surgery was confirmed to improve left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and diastolic filling significantly. Mean 24-h systolic BP values decreased (P=0.009) and BP rhythm was restored in 12 of 15 patients with a blunted preoperative profile. Glucose tolerance normalized in patients with preoperative glucose intolerance (n=7) or diabetes mellitus (n=3). HOMA(ISI) and OGTT(ISI) increased (P=0.0001 for each parameter), indicating a marked improvement in insulin sensitivity. The postoperative reduction in LVMI correlated with increased insulin sensitivity (P<0.001 for both indexes), but not with other parameters. Improved diastolic filling correlated with the reduction in LVMI. CONCLUSIONS: Successful surgery in patients with acromegaly induces a significant improvement in haemodynamic and metabolic risk factors. This study suggests a direct link between insulin resistance and acromegalic cardiomyopathy.

754-P: Full-Fat and Low-Fat Dairy, within the Same Caloric Intake, Have Similar Impact on A1C and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Randomized Controlled Study

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 754-P
Author(s):  
JOANNA MITRI ◽  
SHAHEEN TOMAH ◽  
ADHAM MOTTALIB ◽  
VERONICA SALSBERG ◽  
SAHAR ASHRAFZADEH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Randomized Controlled Study ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Impaired Oxidative Status Is Strongly Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Brunelli ◽  
D. La Russa ◽  
D. Pellegrino
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant

The main target of primary prevention is the identification of cardiovascular risk factors aimed at reducing of the adverse impact of modifiable factors, such as lifestyle and pharmacological treatments. In humans, an alteration of the oxidative status has been associated with several pathologies, including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, the prognostic relevance of circulating oxidative stress biomarkers remains poorly understood. Our study explored, in a healthy population (n=322), the relationship between oxidative status and cardiovascular risk factors. Here, we were successful in demonstrating that plasmatic oxidative status is significantly associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors. We revealed a significant depletion in the efficacy of total plasma antioxidant barrier in high cardiovascular risk categories, and we confirmed an age-related alteration of oxidative status. The efficacy of total plasma antioxidant barrier is significantly depleted in relation to metabolic disorders. Interestingly, the cholesterol imbalance is the main factor in depleting the efficacy of total plasma antioxidant barrier. The oxidative status is also influenced by hypertension, and a slight increase in systolic blood pressure determines a highly significant effect. We showed that the first detectable event of a redox disturbance is the repairing intervention of the antioxidant barrier that is thus decreased as overutilized.

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