scholarly journals A data mining approach to investigate food groups related to incidence of bladder cancer in the BLadder cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants International Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-619
Author(s):  
Evan Y. W. Yu ◽  
Anke Wesselius ◽  
Christoph Sinhart ◽  
Alicja Wolk ◽  
Mariana Carla Stern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
International Study ◽  
Cancer Epidemiology ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Data Mining Technique

AbstractAt present, analysis of diet and bladder cancer (BC) is mostly based on the intake of individual foods. The examination of food combinations provides a scope to deal with the complexity and unpredictability of the diet and aims to overcome the limitations of the study of nutrients and foods in isolation. This article aims to demonstrate the usability of supervised data mining methods to extract the food groups related to BC. In order to derive key food groups associated with BC risk, we applied the data mining technique C5.0 with 10-fold cross-validation in the BLadder cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants study, including data from eighteen case–control and one nested case–cohort study, compromising 8320 BC cases out of 31 551 participants. Dietary data, on the eleven main food groups of the Eurocode 2 Core classification codebook, and relevant non-diet data (i.e. sex, age and smoking status) were available. Primarily, five key food groups were extracted; in order of importance, beverages (non-milk); grains and grain products; vegetables and vegetable products; fats, oils and their products; meats and meat products were associated with BC risk. Since these food groups are corresponded with previously proposed BC-related dietary factors, data mining seems to be a promising technique in the field of nutritional epidemiology and deserves further examination.

scholarly journals Identification of 102 Correlations between Serum Metabolites and Habitual Diet in a Metabolomics Study of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn M Mazzilli ◽  
Kathleen M McClain ◽  
Loren Lipworth ◽  
Mary C Playdon ◽  
Joshua N Sampson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Trial ◽  
Serum Metabolites

ABSTRACT Background Metabolomics has proven useful for detecting objective biomarkers of diet that may help to improve dietary measurement. Studies to date, however, have focused on a relatively narrow set of lipid classes. Objective The aim of this study was to uncover candidate dietary biomarkers by identifying serum metabolites correlated with self-reported diet, particularly metabolites in underinvestigated lipid classes, e.g. triglycerides and plasmalogens. Methods We assessed dietary questionnaire data and serum metabolite correlations from 491 male and female participants aged 55–75 y in an exploratory cross-sectional study within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO). Self-reported intake was categorized into 50 foods, food groups, beverages, and supplements. We examined 522 identified metabolites using 2 metabolomics platforms (Broad Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital). Correlations were identified using partial Pearson's correlations adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, study site, and total energy intake [Bonferroni-corrected level of 0.05/(50 × 522) = 1.9 × 10−6]. We assessed prediction of dietary intake by multiple-metabolite linear models with the use of 10-fold crossvalidation least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Results Eighteen foods, beverages, and supplements were correlated with ≥1 serum metabolite at the Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold, for a total of 102 correlations. Of these, only 5 have been reported previously, to our knowledge. Our strongest correlations were between citrus and proline betaine (r = 0.55), supplements and pantothenic acid (r = 0.46), and fish and C40:9 phosphatidylcholine (PC) (r = 0.35). The multivariate analysis similarly found reasonably large correlations between metabolite profiles and citrus (r = 0.59), supplements (r = 0.57), and fish (r = 0.44). Conclusions Our study of PLCO participants identified many novel food-metabolite associations and replicated 5 previous associations. These candidate biomarkers of diet may help to complement measures of self-reported diet in nutritional epidemiology studies, though further validation work is still needed.

scholarly journals Vegetable intake and the risk of bladder cancer in the BLadder Cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) international study

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Yi-Wen Yu ◽  
Anke Wesselius ◽  
Siamak Mehrkanoon ◽  
Mieke Goosens ◽  
Maree Brinkman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Bladder Cancer Risk ◽  
Diet Diversity

Abstract Background Although a potential inverse association between vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk has been reported, epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. This research aimed to elucidate the association between vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk by conducting a pooled analysis of data from prospective cohort studies. Methods Vegetable intake in relation to bladder cancer risk was examined by pooling individual-level data from 13 cohort studies, comprising 3203 cases among a total of 555,685 participants. Pooled multivariate hazard ratios (HRs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified by cohort for intakes of total vegetable, vegetable subtypes (i.e. non-starchy, starchy, green leafy and cruciferous vegetables) and individual vegetable types. In addition, a diet diversity score was used to assess the association of the varied types of vegetable intake on bladder cancer risk. Results The association between vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk differed by sex (P-interaction = 0.011) and smoking status (P-interaction = 0.038); therefore, analyses were stratified by sex and smoking status. With adjustment of age, sex, smoking, energy intake, ethnicity and other potential dietary factors, we found that higher intake of total and non-starchy vegetables were inversely associated with the risk of bladder cancer among women (comparing the highest with lowest intake tertile: HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.64–0.98, P = 0.037 for trend, HR per 1 SD increment = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.81–0.99; HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63–0.97, P = 0.034 for trend, HR per 1 SD increment = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79–0.98, respectively). However, no evidence of association was observed among men, and the intake of vegetable was not found to be associated with bladder cancer when stratified by smoking status. Moreover, we found no evidence of association for diet diversity with bladder cancer risk. Conclusion Higher intakes of total and non-starchy vegetable are associated with reduced risk of bladder cancer for women. Further studies are needed to clarify whether these results reflect causal processes and potential underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Customization of Diet May Promote Exercise and Improve Mental Wellbeing in Mature Adults: The Role of Exercise as a Mediator

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Lina Begdache ◽  
Cara M. Patrissy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Practices

Diet, dietary practices and exercise are modifiable risk factors for individuals living with mental distress. However, these relationships are intricate and multilayered in such a way that individual factors may influence mental health differently when combined within a pattern. Additionally, two important factors that need to be considered are gender and level of brain maturity. Therefore, it is essential to assess these modifiable risk factors based on gender and age group. The purpose of the study was to explore the combined and individual relationships between food groups, dietary practices and exercise to appreciate their association with mental distress in mature men and women. Adults 30 years and older were invited to complete the food–mood questionnaire. The anonymous questionnaire link was circulated on several social media platforms. A multi-analyses approach was used. A combination of data mining techniques, namely, a mediation regression analysis, the K-means clustering and principal component analysis as well as Spearman’s rank–order correlation were used to explore these research questions. The results suggest that women’s mental health has a higher association with dietary factors than men. Mental distress and exercise frequency were associated with different dietary and lifestyle patterns, which support the concept of customizing diet and lifestyle factors to improve mental wellbeing.

scholarly journals Sodium Toxicity in the Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutritional Immunology of COVID-19

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Ronald B. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Nasal Sinus ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Sodium Toxicity ◽  
Nutritional Immunology

Dietary factors in the etiology of COVID-19 are understudied. High dietary sodium intake leading to sodium toxicity is associated with comorbid conditions of COVID-19 such as hypertension, kidney disease, stroke, pneumonia, obesity, diabetes, hepatic disease, cardiac arrhythmias, thrombosis, migraine, tinnitus, Bell’s palsy, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome. This article synthesizes evidence from epidemiology, pathophysiology, immunology, and virology literature linking sodium toxicological mechanisms to COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sodium toxicity is a modifiable disease determinant that impairs the mucociliary clearance of virion aggregates in nasal sinuses of the mucosal immune system, which may lead to SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral sepsis. In addition, sodium toxicity causes pulmonary edema associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome, as well as inflammatory immune responses and other symptoms of COVID-19 such as fever and nasal sinus congestion. Consequently, sodium toxicity potentially mediates the association of COVID-19 pathophysiology with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sodium dietary intake also increases in the winter, when sodium losses through sweating are reduced, correlating with influenza-like illness outbreaks. Increased SARS-CoV-2 infections in lower socioeconomic classes and among people in government institutions are linked to the consumption of foods highly processed with sodium. Interventions to reduce COVID-19 morbidity and mortality through reduced-sodium diets should be explored further.

scholarly journals Intratumoral heterogeneity of surrogate molecular subtypes in urothelial carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: implications for prognostic stratification of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Garczyk ◽  
Felix Bischoff ◽  
Ursula Schneider ◽  
Reinhard Golz ◽  
Friedrich-Carl von Rundstedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Stratification ◽  
Muscle Invasive

AbstractReliable factors predicting the disease course of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with carcinoma in situ (CIS) are unavailable. Molecular subtypes have potential for prognostic stratification of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, while their value for CIS patients is unknown. Here, the prognostic impact of both clinico-pathological parameters, including CIS focality, and immunohistochemistry-based surrogate subtypes was analyzed in a cohort of high-risk NMIBC patients with CIS. In 128 high-risk NMIBC patients with CIS, luminal (KRT20, GATA3, ERBB2) and basal (KRT5/6, KRT14) surrogate markers as well as p53 were analyzed in 213–231 biopsies. To study inter-lesional heterogeneity of CIS, marker expression in independent CIS biopsies from different bladder localizations was analyzed. Clinico-pathological parameters and surrogate subtypes were correlated with recurrence-free (RFS), progression-free (PFS), cancer-specific (CSS), and overall survival (OS). Forty-six and 30% of CIS patients exhibited a luminal-like (KRT20-positive, KRT5/6-negative) and a null phenotype (KRT20-negative, KRT5/6-negative), respectively. A basal-like subtype (KRT20-negative, KRT5/6-positive) was not observed. A significant degree of inter-lesional CIS heterogeneity was noted, reflected by 23% of patients showing a mixed subtype. Neither CIS surrogate subtype nor CIS focality was associated with patient outcome. Patient age and smoking status were the only potentially independent prognostic factors predicting RFS, PFS, OS, and PFS, respectively. In conclusion, further clarification of heterogeneity of surrogate subtypes in HR NMIBC and their prognostic value is of importance with regard to potential implementation of molecular subtyping into clinical routine. The potential prognostic usefulness of patient age and smoking status for high-risk NMIBC patients with CIS needs further validation.

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